Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Dec. 18, 2025 National PN 373 Nomination of Sara Bailey to be Director of National Drug Control Policy Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 42)
Dec. 17, 2025 PA HB 150 Authorizes Terminally Ill Inmates to Receive Care in the Community or Spend Their End-of-Life at Home Bill Passed - House (111 - 92)
Nov. 19, 2025 NV AB 4 Requires Detention Centers to Maintain Real-Time and Publicly Available Lists of Those who are Detained Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 2)
Nov. 19, 2025 NV AB 4 Requires Detention Centers to Maintain Real-Time and Publicly Available Lists of Those who are Detained Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 2)
Nov. 19, 2025 PA HB 439 Prohibits Discrimination Based on Hair or Hairstyles Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 3)
Nov. 19, 2025 National H Res 893 Censuring Representative Cory Mills of Florida and removing him from the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs Motion Agreed - House (310 - 103)
Nov. 19, 2025 OH SB 273 Authorizes Firearm Owners to Store Firearms with a Federally Licensed Firearms Dealer or Law Enforcement Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
Nov. 19, 2025 National HR 6019 To repeal certain provisions relating to notification to Senate offices regarding legal process on disclosure of Senate data, and for other purposes. Bill Passed - House (426 - 0)
Nov. 19, 2025 National HR 5107 Common-Sense Law Enforcement and Accountability Now in DC (CLEAN DC) Act Bill Passed - House (233 - 190)
Nov. 19, 2025 National HR 4058 Enhancing Stakeholder Support and Outreach for Preparedness Grants Act Bill Passed - House (380 - 45)
Nov. 19, 2025 WI AB 614 Establishes Legal Authorization for Teachers to Take Certain Actions to Maintain Order in Their Classroom Bill Passed - House (54 - 43)
Nov. 18, 2025 NV AB 6 Increases Fines for Traffic Violations in School Zones Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 0)
Nov. 18, 2025 WI AB 265 Establishes a Mandatory Minimum Sentence of 10 Years for Human Trafficking, and 15 Years if the Victim is a Child Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 15)
Nov. 18, 2025 National HR 4405 Epstein Files Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (427 - 1)
Nov. 18, 2025 WI SB 394 Classifies Vandalism of Certain Monuments on Public Property as a Class I Felony Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 15)
Nov. 18, 2025 WI SB 498 Expands State Requirements Relating to Freedom of Speech at University of Wisconsin System Institutions and Establishes Penalties Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 16)
Nov. 17, 2025 National HR 1608 Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 15)
Nov. 17, 2025 National HR 1608 Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 15)
Nov. 17, 2025 National HR 2659 Strengthening Cyber Resilience Against State-Sponsored Threats Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 8)
Nov. 16, 2025 NV AB 6 Increases Fines for Traffic Violations in School Zones Bill Passed - House (42 - 0)
Nov. 16, 2025 NV AB 4 Requires Detention Centers to Maintain Real-Time and Publicly Available Lists of Those who are Detained Bill Passed - House (31 - 11)
Nov. 16, 2025 NV AB 4 Requires Detention Centers to Maintain Real-Time and Publicly Available Lists of Those who are Detained Bill Passed - House (31 - 11)
Nov. 12, 2025 OH SB 295 Extends the Timeline for Restoring Mental Competency of Defendants in Murder Cases Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 0)
Nov. 12, 2025 OH SB 295 Extends the Timeline for Restoring Mental Competency of Defendants in Murder Cases Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 0)
Nov. 12, 2025 OH HB 377 Removes Certain Regulations Governing the Use of Light-Based Medical Devices for Hair Removal Bill Passed - House (95 - 0)
Nov. 12, 2025 OH HB 251 Establishes Requirements for the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Law Enforcement Bill Passed - House (94 - 2)
Nov. 6, 2025 MI HB 5079 Increases the Penalty for Disarming a Police Officer Under Certain Circumstances Bill Passed - House (75 - 25)
Nov. 6, 2025 MI HB 5079 Increases the Penalty for Disarming a Police Officer Under Certain Circumstances Bill Passed - House (75 - 25)
Nov. 6, 2025 MI HB 5080 Increases the Maximum Sentence for Disarming a Police Officer Bill Passed - House (75 - 25)
Nov. 6, 2025 MI HB 5080 Increases the Maximum Sentence for Disarming a Police Officer Bill Passed - House (75 - 25)
Nov. 4, 2025 GA HB 651 Authorizes Regulations over Automated Speed Enforcement Cameras Concurrence Vote Passed - House (140 - 29)
Oct. 30, 2025 IL HB 1836 Establishes an Automatic System for the Sealing of Records for Certain Criminal Convictions Concurrence Vote Passed - House (80 - 26)
Oct. 29, 2025 IL HB 1836 Establishes an Automatic System for the Sealing of Records for Certain Criminal Convictions Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 17)
Oct. 28, 2025 National S J Res 81 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Brazil. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
Oct. 28, 2025 PA SB 111 Authorizes Out-of-State Residents to Work in Pennsylvania Correctional Facilities Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 0)
Oct. 22, 2025 PA SB 246 Requires Schools to Notify Families of Weapons Incidents Within 24 Hours Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (48 - 2)
Oct. 22, 2025 OH SB 56 Amends and Modifies Cannabis Regulations and Prohibits Smoking in Public Bill Passed - House (87 - 8)
Oct. 21, 2025 NC SB 449 Expands Loan Program for Businesses Impacted by Hurricane Helene Conference Report Adopted - House (104 - 6)
Oct. 14, 2025 WI AB 168 Authorizes Felony Fraud Claims Related to Unemployment to be Prosecuted up to 8 Years After a Crime was Committed Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (18 - 15)
Oct. 8, 2025 OH SB 137 Requires Hospitals to Provide Overdose Reversal Drugs Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
Oct. 8, 2025 OH SB 55 Establishes a Stricter Standard of Prosecution for Driving Under the Influence of Marijuana Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
Oct. 7, 2025 PA SB 246 Requires Schools to Notify Families of Weapons Incidents Within 24 Hours Bill Passed - House (202 - 1)
Oct. 7, 2025 PA HB 18 Establishes New Regulations Regarding Review Hearing for Incapacitated Individuals Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 1)
Oct. 1, 2025 OH HB 57 Authorizes K-12 Schools to Store and Use Opioid Reversal Drugs (Naloxone) and Amends Authorizations for Religious Release Time Concurrence Vote Passed - House (76 - 18)
Oct. 1, 2025 OH HB 57 Authorizes K-12 Schools to Store and Use Opioid Reversal Drugs (Naloxone) and Amends Authorizations for Religious Release Time Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 4)
Oct. 1, 2025 PA HB 1866 Prohibits the Possession and Use of Machine Gun Conversion Devices Bill Failed - House (101 - 102)
Oct. 1, 2025 PA HB 102 Classifies Harassment of a Sports Official as a Third Degree Misdemeanor Bill Passed - House (137 - 66)
Sept. 30, 2025 PA HB 1593 Expands Background Check Requirements for Purchasing Firearms Bill Passed - House (104 - 99)
Sept. 30, 2025 PA HB 1099 Prohibits the Use and Distribution of Ghost Guns Bill Failed - House (101 - 102)
Sept. 30, 2025 PA HB 1859 Establishes Extreme Risk Protections to Authorize Firearms to be Taken From Individuals in Crisis Bill Failed - House (101 - 102)
Sept. 29, 2025 PA HB 97 Establishes Regulations Regarding Pets in Division of Property Proceedings Bill Passed - House (121 - 82)
Sept. 23, 2025 NC HB 358 Appropriates Funds for Disaster Relief and Extends Other Funds to Future Fiscal Years Concurrence Vote Passed - House (105 - 4)
Sept. 23, 2025 NC HB 307 Amends Various Criminal Justice Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - House (81 - 31)
Sept. 23, 2025 NC HB 307 Amends Various Criminal Justice Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - House (81 - 31)
Sept. 23, 2025 NC SB 13 Increases the Penalty for Acts of Violence that are Politically Motivated Bill Passed - House (105 - 6)
Sept. 23, 2025 SD SB 2 (Special Session) Authorizes the Department of Corrections to Construct a Prison Facility in Minnehaha County Bill Passed - House (51 - 18)
Sept. 23, 2025 SD SB 2 (Special Session) Authorizes the Department of Corrections to Construct a Prison Facility in Minnehaha County Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
Sept. 22, 2025 NC HB 307 Amends Various Criminal Justice Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
Sept. 22, 2025 NC HB 307 Amends Various Criminal Justice Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
Sept. 18, 2025 MI SB 294 Increases Penalties and Authorizes Restitution in Animal Abuse Cases Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 4)
Sept. 17, 2025 National HR 5143 District of Columbia Policing Protection Act Bill Passed - House (245 - 182)
Sept. 17, 2025 National H Res 722 Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5371) making continuing appropriations and extensions for fiscal year 2026, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the resolution (H. Res. 719) honoring the life and legacy of Charles "Charlie" James Kirk; and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (216 - 210)
Sept. 16, 2025 MI HB 4717 Establishes Another Tool or Option for Law Enforcement to Penalize Those Involved in Insurance Fraud Schemes Bill Passed - House (101 - 2)
Sept. 16, 2025 MI HB 4714 Authorizes New Criminal Procedures Bill Passed - House (101 - 2)
Sept. 16, 2025 MI HB 4715 Authorizes for Analysis, Recommendations, or Comparison of Fraud Statistics and Strategies Between States Bill Passed - House (101 - 2)
Sept. 16, 2025 MI HB 4718 Requires Insurers to Report Likely Fraud to DIFS Bill Passed - House (102 - 1)
Sept. 16, 2025 MI HB 4715 Authorizes for Analysis, Recommendations, or Comparison of Fraud Statistics and Strategies Between States Bill Passed - House (101 - 2)
Sept. 16, 2025 MI HB 4716 Authorizes a Wider Range of Offenses to Allow Increased Punishment for Fraud Offenders Bill Passed - House (101 - 2)
Sept. 16, 2025 National HR 4922 DC Criminal Reforms to Immediately Make Everyone Safe (CRIMES) Act Bill Passed - House (240 - 179)
Sept. 16, 2025 National HR 5140 To lower the age at which a minor may be tried as an adult for certain criminal offenses in the District of Columbia to 14 years of age. Bill Passed - House (225 - 203)
Sept. 16, 2025 MI HB 4664 Increases the Penalty for Blocking a Highway During a Protest Bill Passed - House (61 - 42)
Sept. 16, 2025 MI HB 4719 Authorizes Civil Fines in Addition to Criminal Penalties to Deter Fraud Bill Passed - House (102 - 1)
Sept. 13, 2025 CA AB 1127 Prohibits the Sale of Pistols that can be Converted to Fully Automatic Concurrence Vote Passed - House (54 - 16)
Sept. 13, 2025 CA SB 245 Requires the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to Certify that a Defendant Successfully Participated in Certain Programs Prior to their Release Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 7)
Sept. 13, 2025 CA AB 1079 Repeals the Automatic Stay of Judgment in Voting Rights and Fair Maps Cases Concurrence Vote Passed - House (56 - 17)
Date No. Title Outcome
12/18 PN 373 Nomination of Sara Bailey to be Director of National Drug Control Policy Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 42)
12/17 HB 150 Authorizes Terminally Ill Inmates to Receive Care in the Community or Spend Their End-of-Life at Home Bill Passed - House (111 - 92)
11/19 AB 4 Requires Detention Centers to Maintain Real-Time and Publicly Available Lists of Those who are Detained Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 2)
11/19 AB 4 Requires Detention Centers to Maintain Real-Time and Publicly Available Lists of Those who are Detained Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 2)
11/19 HB 439 Prohibits Discrimination Based on Hair or Hairstyles Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 3)
11/19 H Res 893 Censuring Representative Cory Mills of Florida and removing him from the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs Motion Agreed - House (310 - 103)
11/19 SB 273 Authorizes Firearm Owners to Store Firearms with a Federally Licensed Firearms Dealer or Law Enforcement Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
11/19 HR 6019 To repeal certain provisions relating to notification to Senate offices regarding legal process on disclosure of Senate data, and for other purposes. Bill Passed - House (426 - 0)
11/19 HR 5107 Common-Sense Law Enforcement and Accountability Now in DC (CLEAN DC) Act Bill Passed - House (233 - 190)
11/19 HR 4058 Enhancing Stakeholder Support and Outreach for Preparedness Grants Act Bill Passed - House (380 - 45)
11/19 AB 614 Establishes Legal Authorization for Teachers to Take Certain Actions to Maintain Order in Their Classroom Bill Passed - House (54 - 43)
11/18 AB 6 Increases Fines for Traffic Violations in School Zones Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 0)
11/18 AB 265 Establishes a Mandatory Minimum Sentence of 10 Years for Human Trafficking, and 15 Years if the Victim is a Child Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 15)
11/18 HR 4405 Epstein Files Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (427 - 1)
11/18 SB 394 Classifies Vandalism of Certain Monuments on Public Property as a Class I Felony Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 15)
11/18 SB 498 Expands State Requirements Relating to Freedom of Speech at University of Wisconsin System Institutions and Establishes Penalties Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 16)
11/17 HR 1608 Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 15)
11/17 HR 1608 Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 15)
11/17 HR 2659 Strengthening Cyber Resilience Against State-Sponsored Threats Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 8)
11/16 AB 6 Increases Fines for Traffic Violations in School Zones Bill Passed - House (42 - 0)
11/16 AB 4 Requires Detention Centers to Maintain Real-Time and Publicly Available Lists of Those who are Detained Bill Passed - House (31 - 11)
11/16 AB 4 Requires Detention Centers to Maintain Real-Time and Publicly Available Lists of Those who are Detained Bill Passed - House (31 - 11)
11/12 SB 295 Extends the Timeline for Restoring Mental Competency of Defendants in Murder Cases Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 0)
11/12 SB 295 Extends the Timeline for Restoring Mental Competency of Defendants in Murder Cases Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 0)
11/12 HB 377 Removes Certain Regulations Governing the Use of Light-Based Medical Devices for Hair Removal Bill Passed - House (95 - 0)
11/12 HB 251 Establishes Requirements for the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Law Enforcement Bill Passed - House (94 - 2)
11/06 HB 5079 Increases the Penalty for Disarming a Police Officer Under Certain Circumstances Bill Passed - House (75 - 25)
11/06 HB 5079 Increases the Penalty for Disarming a Police Officer Under Certain Circumstances Bill Passed - House (75 - 25)
11/06 HB 5080 Increases the Maximum Sentence for Disarming a Police Officer Bill Passed - House (75 - 25)
11/06 HB 5080 Increases the Maximum Sentence for Disarming a Police Officer Bill Passed - House (75 - 25)
11/04 HB 651 Authorizes Regulations over Automated Speed Enforcement Cameras Concurrence Vote Passed - House (140 - 29)
10/30 HB 1836 Establishes an Automatic System for the Sealing of Records for Certain Criminal Convictions Concurrence Vote Passed - House (80 - 26)
10/29 HB 1836 Establishes an Automatic System for the Sealing of Records for Certain Criminal Convictions Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 17)
10/28 S J Res 81 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Brazil. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
10/28 SB 111 Authorizes Out-of-State Residents to Work in Pennsylvania Correctional Facilities Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 0)
10/22 SB 246 Requires Schools to Notify Families of Weapons Incidents Within 24 Hours Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (48 - 2)
10/22 SB 56 Amends and Modifies Cannabis Regulations and Prohibits Smoking in Public Bill Passed - House (87 - 8)
10/21 SB 449 Expands Loan Program for Businesses Impacted by Hurricane Helene Conference Report Adopted - House (104 - 6)
10/14 AB 168 Authorizes Felony Fraud Claims Related to Unemployment to be Prosecuted up to 8 Years After a Crime was Committed Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (18 - 15)
10/08 SB 137 Requires Hospitals to Provide Overdose Reversal Drugs Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
10/08 SB 55 Establishes a Stricter Standard of Prosecution for Driving Under the Influence of Marijuana Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
10/07 SB 246 Requires Schools to Notify Families of Weapons Incidents Within 24 Hours Bill Passed - House (202 - 1)
10/07 HB 18 Establishes New Regulations Regarding Review Hearing for Incapacitated Individuals Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 1)
10/01 HB 57 Authorizes K-12 Schools to Store and Use Opioid Reversal Drugs (Naloxone) and Amends Authorizations for Religious Release Time Concurrence Vote Passed - House (76 - 18)
10/01 HB 57 Authorizes K-12 Schools to Store and Use Opioid Reversal Drugs (Naloxone) and Amends Authorizations for Religious Release Time Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 4)
10/01 HB 1866 Prohibits the Possession and Use of Machine Gun Conversion Devices Bill Failed - House (101 - 102)
10/01 HB 102 Classifies Harassment of a Sports Official as a Third Degree Misdemeanor Bill Passed - House (137 - 66)
9/30 HB 1593 Expands Background Check Requirements for Purchasing Firearms Bill Passed - House (104 - 99)
9/30 HB 1099 Prohibits the Use and Distribution of Ghost Guns Bill Failed - House (101 - 102)
9/30 HB 1859 Establishes Extreme Risk Protections to Authorize Firearms to be Taken From Individuals in Crisis Bill Failed - House (101 - 102)
9/29 HB 97 Establishes Regulations Regarding Pets in Division of Property Proceedings Bill Passed - House (121 - 82)
9/23 HB 358 Appropriates Funds for Disaster Relief and Extends Other Funds to Future Fiscal Years Concurrence Vote Passed - House (105 - 4)
9/23 HB 307 Amends Various Criminal Justice Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - House (81 - 31)
9/23 HB 307 Amends Various Criminal Justice Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - House (81 - 31)
9/23 SB 13 Increases the Penalty for Acts of Violence that are Politically Motivated Bill Passed - House (105 - 6)
9/23 SB 2 (Special Session) Authorizes the Department of Corrections to Construct a Prison Facility in Minnehaha County Bill Passed - House (51 - 18)
9/23 SB 2 (Special Session) Authorizes the Department of Corrections to Construct a Prison Facility in Minnehaha County Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
9/22 HB 307 Amends Various Criminal Justice Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
9/22 HB 307 Amends Various Criminal Justice Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
9/18 SB 294 Increases Penalties and Authorizes Restitution in Animal Abuse Cases Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 4)
9/17 HR 5143 District of Columbia Policing Protection Act Bill Passed - House (245 - 182)
9/17 H Res 722 Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 5371) making continuing appropriations and extensions for fiscal year 2026, and for other purposes; providing for consideration of the resolution (H. Res. 719) honoring the life and legacy of Charles "Charlie" James Kirk; and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (216 - 210)
9/16 HB 4717 Establishes Another Tool or Option for Law Enforcement to Penalize Those Involved in Insurance Fraud Schemes Bill Passed - House (101 - 2)
9/16 HB 4714 Authorizes New Criminal Procedures Bill Passed - House (101 - 2)
9/16 HB 4715 Authorizes for Analysis, Recommendations, or Comparison of Fraud Statistics and Strategies Between States Bill Passed - House (101 - 2)
9/16 HB 4718 Requires Insurers to Report Likely Fraud to DIFS Bill Passed - House (102 - 1)
9/16 HB 4715 Authorizes for Analysis, Recommendations, or Comparison of Fraud Statistics and Strategies Between States Bill Passed - House (101 - 2)
9/16 HB 4716 Authorizes a Wider Range of Offenses to Allow Increased Punishment for Fraud Offenders Bill Passed - House (101 - 2)
9/16 HR 4922 DC Criminal Reforms to Immediately Make Everyone Safe (CRIMES) Act Bill Passed - House (240 - 179)
9/16 HR 5140 To lower the age at which a minor may be tried as an adult for certain criminal offenses in the District of Columbia to 14 years of age. Bill Passed - House (225 - 203)
9/16 HB 4664 Increases the Penalty for Blocking a Highway During a Protest Bill Passed - House (61 - 42)
9/16 HB 4719 Authorizes Civil Fines in Addition to Criminal Penalties to Deter Fraud Bill Passed - House (102 - 1)
9/13 AB 1127 Prohibits the Sale of Pistols that can be Converted to Fully Automatic Concurrence Vote Passed - House (54 - 16)
9/13 SB 245 Requires the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to Certify that a Defendant Successfully Participated in Certain Programs Prior to their Release Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 7)
9/13 AB 1079 Repeals the Automatic Stay of Judgment in Voting Rights and Fair Maps Cases Concurrence Vote Passed - House (56 - 17)

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