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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 31, 2025 TX SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Conference Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 11)
May 31, 2025 IL SB 2339 Prohibits Employers from Firing an Immigrant Worker if Their Records Don't Match the Federal E-Verify System Bill Passed - House (75 - 42)
May 27, 2025 LA HB 436 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants from Receiving General Damages Stemming from Auto Accidents Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 24)
May 27, 2025 CT HB 7259 Amends and Strengthens the State's Existing Trust Act which Limits Cooperation Between State and Local Law Enforcement and Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 11)
May 27, 2025 CA AB 49 Prohibits School Officials From Allowing an Immigration Authority Onto a Nonpublic School Site Without a Warrant or Court Order Bill Passed - House (62 - 9)
May 22, 2025 OK SB 20 Requires CDL Holders to Understand English Concurrence Vote Passed - House (71 - 13)
May 21, 2025 OK SB 20 Requires CDL Holders to Understand English Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (36 - 10)
May 21, 2025 LA HB 436 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants from Receiving General Damages Stemming from Auto Accidents Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 10)
May 21, 2025 CT HB 7259 Amends and Strengthens the State's Existing Trust Act which Limits Cooperation Between State and Local Law Enforcement and Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - House (96 - 51)
May 19, 2025 OR SB 599 Prohibits Landlords From Inquiring About the Immigration or Citizenship Status of an Applicant, Tenant, or Other Member of a Household Bill Passed - House (36 - 15)
May 15, 2025 NH HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (15 - 8)
May 15, 2025 NH SB 62 Authorizes Law Enforcement Officials to Enter into Agreements with ICE Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (15 - 8)
May 12, 2025 LA SB 15 Authorizes Punishments to Jailers for Not Cooperating with ICE Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
May 8, 2025 NH SB 62 Authorizes Law Enforcement Officials to Enter into Agreements with ICE "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - House (200 - 162)
May 8, 2025 OK SB 20 Requires CDL Holders to Understand English Bill Passed - House (74 - 15)
May 7, 2025 National HR 1503 Stop Forced Organ Harvesting Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (406 - 1)
May 6, 2025 AL SB 53 Increases the Crime of Human Smuggling to a Class C Felony Bill Passed - House (80 - 18)
May 6, 2025 AL SB 63 Requires Law Enforcement Agencies to Collect and Submit Fingerprints and DNA from Undocumented Immigrants in Custody Bill Passed - House (76 - 7)
May 5, 2025 CO SB 25-276 Extends and Expands the State's Protections on Disclosing Personal Information Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
May 5, 2025 AZ SB 1268 Require Hospitals to Question Patients on Legal Status in the United States Bill Passed - House (32 - 25)
May 3, 2025 CO SB 25-276 Extends and Expands the State's Protections on Disclosing Personal Information Bill Passed - House (42 - 21)
May 1, 2025 MI HB 4341 Prohibits Non-Citizens From Accessing Government Housing Programs Bill Passed - House (63 - 43)
May 1, 2025 MI HB 4340 Prohibits Non-Citizens From Accessing Government Welfare Programs Bill Passed - House (63 - 43)
May 1, 2025 MI HB 4339 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies and Requires Local-Federal Immigration Enforcement Cooperation Bill Passed - House (58 - 48)
April 29, 2025 NC HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Bill Passed - House (70 - 45)
April 28, 2025 AZ HB 2099 Requires All Government Employees at Any Level in Arizona Enforce and Cooperate with All immigration Orders Concurrence Vote Passed - House (32 - 23)
April 28, 2025 LA HB 436 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants from Receiving General Damages Stemming from Auto Accidents Bill Passed - House (69 - 17)
April 21, 2025 ND HB 1600 Establishes an Immigration-Focused Law Clinic at the University of North Dakota Concurrence Vote Passed - House (64 - 29)
April 21, 2025 CO SB 25-276 Extends and Expands the State's Protections on Disclosing Personal Information Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 13)
April 17, 2025 IA SF 369 Requires High School Students to Pass a Civics Test Identical to the U.S. Citizenship Test to Graduate Bill Passed - House (60 - 33)
April 17, 2025 AL HB 7 Authorizes Local Law Enforcement to Enforce Federal Immigration Laws Bill Passed - House (74 - 26)
April 16, 2025 IN HB 1393 Requires Law Enforcement to Report Arrestees for Suspected Illegal Immigration Status Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 19)
April 16, 2025 AR HB 1974 Prohibits State Entities from Employing Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 6)
April 16, 2025 AZ SB 1610 Requires County Jails to Provide Identifying Information for Individuals Arrested for Certain Crimes to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Bill Passed - House (33 - 25)
April 14, 2025 IA SF 369 Requires High School Students to Pass a Civics Test Identical to the U.S. Citizenship Test to Graduate Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 7)
April 10, 2025 NH HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (211 - 161)
April 10, 2025 ND HB 1600 Establishes an Immigration-Focused Law Clinic at the University of North Dakota Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 13)
April 10, 2025 NH HB 71 Prohibits the Use of Public School Facilities to Provide Shelter to Undocumented Immigrants "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (209 - 162)
April 10, 2025 IL SB 2339 Prohibits Employers from Firing an Immigrant Worker if Their Records Don't Match the Federal E-Verify System Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 21)
April 10, 2025 TN SB 836 Authorizes Schools to Charge Undocumented Students Tuition Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 13)
April 10, 2025 AR HB 1974 Prohibits State Entities from Employing Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (76 - 20)
April 9, 2025 AZ HB 2099 Requires All Government Employees at Any Level in Arizona Enforce and Cooperate with All immigration Orders Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
April 7, 2025 MD HB 1222 Prohibits Local Law Enforcement Agencies From Entering Agreements With Federal Immigration Officials Concurrence Vote Passed - House (101 - 38)
April 7, 2025 MD HB 1222 Prohibits Local Law Enforcement Agencies From Entering Agreements With Federal Immigration Officials Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 13)
April 3, 2025 AR HB 1745 Authorizes Fines for Semi-Truck Drivers Who Cannot Speak English Sufficiently Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
April 1, 2025 ID H 135 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants From Accessing Publicly Funded Assistance Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 9)
April 1, 2025 TX SB 16 Requires Proof of Citizenship to Register to Vote Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 11)
April 1, 2025 TX SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 5)
March 26, 2025 IA HF 946 Requires the Attorney General to Investigate Any Law Enforcement Officer Who Intentionally Fails to Comply With the Requirements of State Immigration Law Bill Passed - House (61 - 35)
March 24, 2025 IN HB 1393 Requires Law Enforcement to Report Arrestees for Suspected Illegal Immigration Status Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 10)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/31 SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Conference Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 11)
5/31 SB 2339 Prohibits Employers from Firing an Immigrant Worker if Their Records Don't Match the Federal E-Verify System Bill Passed - House (75 - 42)
5/27 HB 436 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants from Receiving General Damages Stemming from Auto Accidents Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 24)
5/27 HB 7259 Amends and Strengthens the State's Existing Trust Act which Limits Cooperation Between State and Local Law Enforcement and Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 11)
5/27 AB 49 Prohibits School Officials From Allowing an Immigration Authority Onto a Nonpublic School Site Without a Warrant or Court Order Bill Passed - House (62 - 9)
5/22 SB 20 Requires CDL Holders to Understand English Concurrence Vote Passed - House (71 - 13)
5/21 SB 20 Requires CDL Holders to Understand English Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (36 - 10)
5/21 HB 436 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants from Receiving General Damages Stemming from Auto Accidents Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 10)
5/21 HB 7259 Amends and Strengthens the State's Existing Trust Act which Limits Cooperation Between State and Local Law Enforcement and Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - House (96 - 51)
5/19 SB 599 Prohibits Landlords From Inquiring About the Immigration or Citizenship Status of an Applicant, Tenant, or Other Member of a Household Bill Passed - House (36 - 15)
5/15 HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (15 - 8)
5/15 SB 62 Authorizes Law Enforcement Officials to Enter into Agreements with ICE Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (15 - 8)
5/12 SB 15 Authorizes Punishments to Jailers for Not Cooperating with ICE Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
5/08 SB 62 Authorizes Law Enforcement Officials to Enter into Agreements with ICE "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - House (200 - 162)
5/08 SB 20 Requires CDL Holders to Understand English Bill Passed - House (74 - 15)
5/07 HR 1503 Stop Forced Organ Harvesting Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (406 - 1)
5/06 SB 53 Increases the Crime of Human Smuggling to a Class C Felony Bill Passed - House (80 - 18)
5/06 SB 63 Requires Law Enforcement Agencies to Collect and Submit Fingerprints and DNA from Undocumented Immigrants in Custody Bill Passed - House (76 - 7)
5/05 SB 25-276 Extends and Expands the State's Protections on Disclosing Personal Information Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
5/05 SB 1268 Require Hospitals to Question Patients on Legal Status in the United States Bill Passed - House (32 - 25)
5/03 SB 25-276 Extends and Expands the State's Protections on Disclosing Personal Information Bill Passed - House (42 - 21)
5/01 HB 4341 Prohibits Non-Citizens From Accessing Government Housing Programs Bill Passed - House (63 - 43)
5/01 HB 4340 Prohibits Non-Citizens From Accessing Government Welfare Programs Bill Passed - House (63 - 43)
5/01 HB 4339 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies and Requires Local-Federal Immigration Enforcement Cooperation Bill Passed - House (58 - 48)
4/29 HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Bill Passed - House (70 - 45)
4/28 HB 2099 Requires All Government Employees at Any Level in Arizona Enforce and Cooperate with All immigration Orders Concurrence Vote Passed - House (32 - 23)
4/28 HB 436 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants from Receiving General Damages Stemming from Auto Accidents Bill Passed - House (69 - 17)
4/21 HB 1600 Establishes an Immigration-Focused Law Clinic at the University of North Dakota Concurrence Vote Passed - House (64 - 29)
4/21 SB 25-276 Extends and Expands the State's Protections on Disclosing Personal Information Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 13)
4/17 SF 369 Requires High School Students to Pass a Civics Test Identical to the U.S. Citizenship Test to Graduate Bill Passed - House (60 - 33)
4/17 HB 7 Authorizes Local Law Enforcement to Enforce Federal Immigration Laws Bill Passed - House (74 - 26)
4/16 HB 1393 Requires Law Enforcement to Report Arrestees for Suspected Illegal Immigration Status Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 19)
4/16 HB 1974 Prohibits State Entities from Employing Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 6)
4/16 SB 1610 Requires County Jails to Provide Identifying Information for Individuals Arrested for Certain Crimes to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Bill Passed - House (33 - 25)
4/14 SF 369 Requires High School Students to Pass a Civics Test Identical to the U.S. Citizenship Test to Graduate Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 7)
4/10 HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (211 - 161)
4/10 HB 1600 Establishes an Immigration-Focused Law Clinic at the University of North Dakota Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 13)
4/10 HB 71 Prohibits the Use of Public School Facilities to Provide Shelter to Undocumented Immigrants "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (209 - 162)
4/10 SB 2339 Prohibits Employers from Firing an Immigrant Worker if Their Records Don't Match the Federal E-Verify System Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 21)
4/10 SB 836 Authorizes Schools to Charge Undocumented Students Tuition Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 13)
4/10 HB 1974 Prohibits State Entities from Employing Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (76 - 20)
4/09 HB 2099 Requires All Government Employees at Any Level in Arizona Enforce and Cooperate with All immigration Orders Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
4/07 HB 1222 Prohibits Local Law Enforcement Agencies From Entering Agreements With Federal Immigration Officials Concurrence Vote Passed - House (101 - 38)
4/07 HB 1222 Prohibits Local Law Enforcement Agencies From Entering Agreements With Federal Immigration Officials Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 13)
4/03 HB 1745 Authorizes Fines for Semi-Truck Drivers Who Cannot Speak English Sufficiently Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
4/01 H 135 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants From Accessing Publicly Funded Assistance Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 9)
4/01 SB 16 Requires Proof of Citizenship to Register to Vote Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 11)
4/01 SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 5)
3/26 HF 946 Requires the Attorney General to Investigate Any Law Enforcement Officer Who Intentionally Fails to Comply With the Requirements of State Immigration Law Bill Passed - House (61 - 35)
3/24 HB 1393 Requires Law Enforcement to Report Arrestees for Suspected Illegal Immigration Status Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 10)
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