Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
March 23, 2026 NJ A 1715 Expands Voting Rights Measures and Protections Bill Passed - House (54 - 20)
March 19, 2026 AL HB 541 Requires Political Party Registration In Order to Vote in Primary Elections Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
March 18, 2026 National H J Res 139 Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States requiring a balanced budget for the Federal Government Amendment Rejected - House (211 - 207)
March 16, 2026 KY HB 1 Establishes the State's Election to Participate in the Federal Education Scholarship Tax Credit Veto Override Passed - House (77 - 14)
March 14, 2026 VA HB 1441 Prohibits State and Local Law Enforcement from Entering into Federal Immigration Enforcement Contracts Conference Report Adopted - House (62 - 34)
March 12, 2026 FL HB 991 Requires Identification Featuring Proof of Citizenship for Voting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (77 - 28)
March 12, 2026 VT H 849 Authorizes Citizens to Sue Federal Officials for Constitutional Rights Violations Bill Passed - House (97 - 39)
March 11, 2026 MO HB 3146 Amends the Process for Creating Official Summaries on Ballot Measures Bill Passed - House (90 - 55)
March 10, 2026 OK HB 3722 Requires Voters to Indicate a Party or Independent for Their Registration to be Valid Bill Passed - House (75 - 18)
March 10, 2026 IA HF 2694 Restricts the Powers of the Governor During Emergency Situations Bill Passed - House (67 - 23)
March 6, 2026 UT HB 242 Limits the Ability for Individuals to Remove Their Name From a Ballot Initiative Petition Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 12)
March 6, 2026 CO HB 26-1084 Requires Ballot Measures that Would Reduce Tax Revenue to Disclose Resulting Budget Cuts Bill Passed - House (40 - 22)
March 5, 2026 IA SF 579 Prohibits Local Agencies From Enacting Civil Rights Protections That are More Strict Than Those Required by the State Bill Passed - House (60 - 26)
March 5, 2026 ID H 561 Restricts Flags Authorized to be Flown on Government Property Bill Passed - House (58 - 11)
March 5, 2026 MO HB 2125 Requires the Secretary of State and the Director of the Department of Revenue to Share Citizenship Data Bill Passed - House (101 - 46)
March 5, 2026 National H Con Res 38 Directing the President pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution to remove United States Armed Forces from unauthorized hostilities in the Islamic Republic of Iran Bill Failed - House (212 - 219)
March 5, 2026 National H Con Res 38 Directing the President pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution to remove United States Armed Forces from unauthorized hostilities in the Islamic Republic of Iran Bill Failed - House (212 - 219)
March 4, 2026 MS SB 2588 Requires Citizenship Verification for Voters via Federal Database Bill Passed - House (80 - 41)
March 4, 2026 SD SB 175 Requires Voters to Provide Citizenship Status When Registering to Vote Bill Passed - House (64 - 3)
March 4, 2026 National H Res 1100 Directing the Committee on Ethics to preserve and publicly release records of the Committee's review of violations or alleged violations of clause 9 (as it pertains to acts of sexual harassment) and clause 18 of rule XXIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives Motion Agreed - House (357 - 65)
March 4, 2026 OR HB 4177 Limits Government Officials' Communication Outside of Public Meetings Bill Passed - House (47 - 4)
March 3, 2026 FL SB 290 Prohibits Counties From Enacting Any Restriction on the Use of Gasoline-Powered Farm Equipment Bill Passed - House (94 - 10)
March 3, 2026 CO HB 26-1113 Amends Various Provisions of Colorado Election Code Bill Passed - House (41 - 22)
March 2, 2026 OR SB 1599 Requires the Referendum Regarding Gas Tax Increases to Appear on the 2026 State Primary Ballot Bill Passed - House (31 - 20)
March 2, 2026 AZ HCR 2056 Establishes the Constitutional Right to Refuse Medical Mandates Bill Passed - House (31 - 23)
Feb. 27, 2026 IN SB 176 Limits Municipalities' Ability to Impose Restrictions on Shooting Ranges Conference Report Adopted - House (67 - 25)
Feb. 25, 2026 IN HB 1001 Amends Zoning Rules and Approval Processes Relating to Housing Development Concurrence Vote Passed - House (72 - 21)
Feb. 25, 2026 OH SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - House (65 - 27)
Feb. 25, 2026 OH SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - House (65 - 27)
Feb. 25, 2026 VA SB 322 Requires Virginia's Electoral Votes to go to the Candidate Who Wins the National Popular Vote Bill Passed - House (62 - 36)
Feb. 25, 2026 VA SB 322 Requires Virginia's Electoral Votes to go to the Candidate Who Wins the National Popular Vote Bill Passed - House (62 - 36)
Feb. 25, 2026 OH HB 503 Requires Municipalities to Obtain Voter Approval Before Modifying a Municipal Income Tax Reciprocity Credit Bill Passed - House (65 - 27)
Feb. 24, 2026 SD HB 1184 Establishes State Definitions for "Man" and "Woman" Bill Passed - House (57 - 9)
Feb. 24, 2026 National HR 6329 Information Quality Assurance Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (362 - 1)
Feb. 23, 2026 IN SB 243 Amends and Establishes State Income Tax Statutes to Conform with Certain Provisions in the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025" Bill Passed - House (77 - 19)
Feb. 23, 2026 AZ HCR 2016 Establishes a Ballot Initiative to Require Precinct-Based Voting Bill Passed - House (32 - 25)
Feb. 20, 2026 UT HB 212 Authorizes the Division of Large Counties Bill Passed - House (56 - 10)
Feb. 20, 2026 UT HB 212 Authorizes the Division of Large Counties Bill Passed - House (56 - 10)
Feb. 19, 2026 KS HB 2593 Limits Local Governments' Authority to Contract Legal Services Bill Passed - House (77 - 45)
Feb. 19, 2026 WI AB 1027 Requires the Wisconsin Department of Health Services to Share Data From the SNAP Program with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Bill Passed - House (54 - 39)
Feb. 19, 2026 FL HJR 203 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment to Exempt Homestead Property From Taxation Bill Passed - House (80 - 30)
Feb. 16, 2026 WA HB 2333 Authorizes Use of Campaign Funds and Other Personal Security Measures for Elected Officials Bill Passed - House (71 - 21)
Feb. 16, 2026 WA HB 2333 Authorizes Use of Campaign Funds and Other Personal Security Measures for Elected Officials Bill Passed - House (71 - 21)
Feb. 12, 2026 WI SB 277 Limits Wisconsin Administrative Code Rules to Seven Years Unless Renewed Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
Feb. 12, 2026 IN SB 76 Expands Requirements for State and Local Government Entities to Cooperate with Federal Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (61 - 28)
Feb. 12, 2026 WI SB 276 Requires Attorney Fees to be Awarded to Those Who Successfully Challenge State Regulations Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
Feb. 12, 2026 WI SB 275 Limits Government Agencies' Ability to Promulgate Rules Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
Feb. 12, 2026 SC H 4755 Authorizes the Governor to Appoint All Members of the Judicial Merit Selection Commission Bill Passed - House (71 - 10)
Feb. 12, 2026 SC H 4755 Authorizes the Governor to Appoint All Members of the Judicial Merit Selection Commission Bill Passed - House (71 - 10)
Feb. 11, 2026 National H J Res 72 Relating to a national emergency by the President on February 1, 2025 Bill Passed - House (219 - 211)
Feb. 10, 2026 AL HB 220 Authorizes the Governor and Legislature Leaders to Replace Appointed State Board Members Bill Passed - House (82 - 3)
Feb. 10, 2026 AL HB 220 Authorizes the Governor and Legislature Leaders to Replace Appointed State Board Members Bill Passed - House (82 - 3)
Feb. 10, 2026 AL HB 220 Authorizes the Governor and Legislature Leaders to Replace Appointed State Board Members Bill Passed - House (82 - 3)
Feb. 9, 2026 AZ HCR 2001 Amends the State Constitution to Prohibit Absentee Ballot Drop-Off on Election Day Bill Passed - House (32 - 27)
Feb. 9, 2026 AZ HCR 2001 Amends the State Constitution to Prohibit Absentee Ballot Drop-Off on Election Day Bill Passed - House (32 - 27)
Feb. 5, 2026 MI HB 5198 Requires Individuals to Disclose Any Foreign Donations Before Participating in Election Administration Bill Passed - House (99 - 4)
Feb. 5, 2026 MI HB 5197 Prohibits Foreign Funding for Ballot Initiative Campaigns Bill Passed - House (97 - 6)
Feb. 4, 2026 National H J Res 142 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the D.C. Income and Franchise Tax Conformity and Revision Temporary Amendment Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (215 - 210)
Feb. 3, 2026 National HR 7148 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (217 - 214)
Feb. 3, 2026 MD HB 444 Prohibits the State and Any Local Government From Entering Into an Immigration Enforcement Agreement Bill Passed - House (99 - 40)
Feb. 2, 2026 AZ HB 2022 Amends the Date of Primary Elections to the Second-to-Last Tuesday in July Bill Passed - House (56 - 0)
Jan. 30, 2026 UT SB 134 Increases the Number of Utah Supreme Court Justices and Judges of Lower Courts Bill Passed - House (57 - 18)
Jan. 30, 2026 NM HB 9 Prohibits Governmental Entities From Entering Into Certain Immigration Enforcement Agreements and Using Public Property for Immigration-Related Detainment Bill Passed - House (40 - 29)
Jan. 28, 2026 IN HB 1343 Authorizes the Indiana National Guard to Establish a Military Police Force Bill Passed - House (67 - 29)
Jan. 27, 2026 SD HJR 5001 Amends the State Constitution to Restrict Eminent Domain Use Bill Passed - House (62 - 5)
Jan. 22, 2026 National HR 7148 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (341 - 88)
Jan. 15, 2026 AZ SB 1106 Amends State Tax Rates to Align With the Federal Rates Established in the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" Bill Passed - House (31 - 27)
Jan. 15, 2026 KS HB 2204 Specifies That the World Health Organization, the United Nations, and the World Economic Forum Have no Jurisdiction in Kansas Bill Passed - House (85 - 35)
Jan. 14, 2026 National HR 7006 Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (341 - 79)
Jan. 14, 2026 VA HJ 4 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment to Authorize Redistricting Outside of the Decennial Cycle if Another State Also Redistricts Bill Passed - House (62 - 33)
Jan. 14, 2026 VA HJ 2 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment that Restores Felon Voting Rights Bill Passed - House (65 - 33)
Jan. 14, 2026 VA HJ 2 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment that Restores Felon Voting Rights Bill Passed - House (65 - 33)
Jan. 14, 2026 VA HJ 4 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment to Authorize Redistricting Outside of the Decennial Cycle if Another State Also Redistricts Bill Passed - House (62 - 33)
Jan. 12, 2026 NJ A 5886 Amends the Process for Filling Vacancies From New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives Bill Passed - House (66 - 7)
Jan. 12, 2026 NJ A 5886 Amends the Process for Filling Vacancies From New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives Bill Passed - House (66 - 7)
Date No. Title Outcome
3/23 A 1715 Expands Voting Rights Measures and Protections Bill Passed - House (54 - 20)
3/19 HB 541 Requires Political Party Registration In Order to Vote in Primary Elections Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
3/18 H J Res 139 Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States requiring a balanced budget for the Federal Government Amendment Rejected - House (211 - 207)
3/16 HB 1 Establishes the State's Election to Participate in the Federal Education Scholarship Tax Credit Veto Override Passed - House (77 - 14)
3/14 HB 1441 Prohibits State and Local Law Enforcement from Entering into Federal Immigration Enforcement Contracts Conference Report Adopted - House (62 - 34)
3/12 HB 991 Requires Identification Featuring Proof of Citizenship for Voting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (77 - 28)
3/12 H 849 Authorizes Citizens to Sue Federal Officials for Constitutional Rights Violations Bill Passed - House (97 - 39)
3/11 HB 3146 Amends the Process for Creating Official Summaries on Ballot Measures Bill Passed - House (90 - 55)
3/10 HB 3722 Requires Voters to Indicate a Party or Independent for Their Registration to be Valid Bill Passed - House (75 - 18)
3/10 HF 2694 Restricts the Powers of the Governor During Emergency Situations Bill Passed - House (67 - 23)
3/06 HB 242 Limits the Ability for Individuals to Remove Their Name From a Ballot Initiative Petition Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 12)
3/06 HB 26-1084 Requires Ballot Measures that Would Reduce Tax Revenue to Disclose Resulting Budget Cuts Bill Passed - House (40 - 22)
3/05 SF 579 Prohibits Local Agencies From Enacting Civil Rights Protections That are More Strict Than Those Required by the State Bill Passed - House (60 - 26)
3/05 H 561 Restricts Flags Authorized to be Flown on Government Property Bill Passed - House (58 - 11)
3/05 HB 2125 Requires the Secretary of State and the Director of the Department of Revenue to Share Citizenship Data Bill Passed - House (101 - 46)
3/05 H Con Res 38 Directing the President pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution to remove United States Armed Forces from unauthorized hostilities in the Islamic Republic of Iran Bill Failed - House (212 - 219)
3/05 H Con Res 38 Directing the President pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution to remove United States Armed Forces from unauthorized hostilities in the Islamic Republic of Iran Bill Failed - House (212 - 219)
3/04 SB 2588 Requires Citizenship Verification for Voters via Federal Database Bill Passed - House (80 - 41)
3/04 SB 175 Requires Voters to Provide Citizenship Status When Registering to Vote Bill Passed - House (64 - 3)
3/04 H Res 1100 Directing the Committee on Ethics to preserve and publicly release records of the Committee's review of violations or alleged violations of clause 9 (as it pertains to acts of sexual harassment) and clause 18 of rule XXIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives Motion Agreed - House (357 - 65)
3/04 HB 4177 Limits Government Officials' Communication Outside of Public Meetings Bill Passed - House (47 - 4)
3/03 SB 290 Prohibits Counties From Enacting Any Restriction on the Use of Gasoline-Powered Farm Equipment Bill Passed - House (94 - 10)
3/03 HB 26-1113 Amends Various Provisions of Colorado Election Code Bill Passed - House (41 - 22)
3/02 SB 1599 Requires the Referendum Regarding Gas Tax Increases to Appear on the 2026 State Primary Ballot Bill Passed - House (31 - 20)
3/02 HCR 2056 Establishes the Constitutional Right to Refuse Medical Mandates Bill Passed - House (31 - 23)
2/27 SB 176 Limits Municipalities' Ability to Impose Restrictions on Shooting Ranges Conference Report Adopted - House (67 - 25)
2/25 HB 1001 Amends Zoning Rules and Approval Processes Relating to Housing Development Concurrence Vote Passed - House (72 - 21)
2/25 SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - House (65 - 27)
2/25 SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - House (65 - 27)
2/25 SB 322 Requires Virginia's Electoral Votes to go to the Candidate Who Wins the National Popular Vote Bill Passed - House (62 - 36)
2/25 SB 322 Requires Virginia's Electoral Votes to go to the Candidate Who Wins the National Popular Vote Bill Passed - House (62 - 36)
2/25 HB 503 Requires Municipalities to Obtain Voter Approval Before Modifying a Municipal Income Tax Reciprocity Credit Bill Passed - House (65 - 27)
2/24 HB 1184 Establishes State Definitions for "Man" and "Woman" Bill Passed - House (57 - 9)
2/24 HR 6329 Information Quality Assurance Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (362 - 1)
2/23 SB 243 Amends and Establishes State Income Tax Statutes to Conform with Certain Provisions in the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025" Bill Passed - House (77 - 19)
2/23 HCR 2016 Establishes a Ballot Initiative to Require Precinct-Based Voting Bill Passed - House (32 - 25)
2/20 HB 212 Authorizes the Division of Large Counties Bill Passed - House (56 - 10)
2/20 HB 212 Authorizes the Division of Large Counties Bill Passed - House (56 - 10)
2/19 HB 2593 Limits Local Governments' Authority to Contract Legal Services Bill Passed - House (77 - 45)
2/19 AB 1027 Requires the Wisconsin Department of Health Services to Share Data From the SNAP Program with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Bill Passed - House (54 - 39)
2/19 HJR 203 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment to Exempt Homestead Property From Taxation Bill Passed - House (80 - 30)
2/16 HB 2333 Authorizes Use of Campaign Funds and Other Personal Security Measures for Elected Officials Bill Passed - House (71 - 21)
2/16 HB 2333 Authorizes Use of Campaign Funds and Other Personal Security Measures for Elected Officials Bill Passed - House (71 - 21)
2/12 SB 277 Limits Wisconsin Administrative Code Rules to Seven Years Unless Renewed Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
2/12 SB 76 Expands Requirements for State and Local Government Entities to Cooperate with Federal Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (61 - 28)
2/12 SB 276 Requires Attorney Fees to be Awarded to Those Who Successfully Challenge State Regulations Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
2/12 SB 275 Limits Government Agencies' Ability to Promulgate Rules Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
2/12 H 4755 Authorizes the Governor to Appoint All Members of the Judicial Merit Selection Commission Bill Passed - House (71 - 10)
2/12 H 4755 Authorizes the Governor to Appoint All Members of the Judicial Merit Selection Commission Bill Passed - House (71 - 10)
2/11 H J Res 72 Relating to a national emergency by the President on February 1, 2025 Bill Passed - House (219 - 211)
2/10 HB 220 Authorizes the Governor and Legislature Leaders to Replace Appointed State Board Members Bill Passed - House (82 - 3)
2/10 HB 220 Authorizes the Governor and Legislature Leaders to Replace Appointed State Board Members Bill Passed - House (82 - 3)
2/10 HB 220 Authorizes the Governor and Legislature Leaders to Replace Appointed State Board Members Bill Passed - House (82 - 3)
2/09 HCR 2001 Amends the State Constitution to Prohibit Absentee Ballot Drop-Off on Election Day Bill Passed - House (32 - 27)
2/09 HCR 2001 Amends the State Constitution to Prohibit Absentee Ballot Drop-Off on Election Day Bill Passed - House (32 - 27)
2/05 HB 5198 Requires Individuals to Disclose Any Foreign Donations Before Participating in Election Administration Bill Passed - House (99 - 4)
2/05 HB 5197 Prohibits Foreign Funding for Ballot Initiative Campaigns Bill Passed - House (97 - 6)
2/04 H J Res 142 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the D.C. Income and Franchise Tax Conformity and Revision Temporary Amendment Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (215 - 210)
2/03 HR 7148 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (217 - 214)
2/03 HB 444 Prohibits the State and Any Local Government From Entering Into an Immigration Enforcement Agreement Bill Passed - House (99 - 40)
2/02 HB 2022 Amends the Date of Primary Elections to the Second-to-Last Tuesday in July Bill Passed - House (56 - 0)
1/30 SB 134 Increases the Number of Utah Supreme Court Justices and Judges of Lower Courts Bill Passed - House (57 - 18)
1/30 HB 9 Prohibits Governmental Entities From Entering Into Certain Immigration Enforcement Agreements and Using Public Property for Immigration-Related Detainment Bill Passed - House (40 - 29)
1/28 HB 1343 Authorizes the Indiana National Guard to Establish a Military Police Force Bill Passed - House (67 - 29)
1/27 HJR 5001 Amends the State Constitution to Restrict Eminent Domain Use Bill Passed - House (62 - 5)
1/22 HR 7148 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (341 - 88)
1/15 SB 1106 Amends State Tax Rates to Align With the Federal Rates Established in the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" Bill Passed - House (31 - 27)
1/15 HB 2204 Specifies That the World Health Organization, the United Nations, and the World Economic Forum Have no Jurisdiction in Kansas Bill Passed - House (85 - 35)
1/14 HR 7006 Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (341 - 79)
1/14 HJ 4 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment to Authorize Redistricting Outside of the Decennial Cycle if Another State Also Redistricts Bill Passed - House (62 - 33)
1/14 HJ 2 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment that Restores Felon Voting Rights Bill Passed - House (65 - 33)
1/14 HJ 2 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment that Restores Felon Voting Rights Bill Passed - House (65 - 33)
1/14 HJ 4 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment to Authorize Redistricting Outside of the Decennial Cycle if Another State Also Redistricts Bill Passed - House (62 - 33)
1/12 A 5886 Amends the Process for Filling Vacancies From New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives Bill Passed - House (66 - 7)
1/12 A 5886 Amends the Process for Filling Vacancies From New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives Bill Passed - House (66 - 7)

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