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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
April 21, 2025 ND HB 1600 Establishes an Immigration-Focused Law Clinic at the University of North Dakota Concurrence Vote Passed - House (64 - 29)
April 17, 2025 IA SF 369 Requires High School Students to Pass a Civics Test Identical to the U.S. Citizenship Test to Graduate Bill Passed - House (60 - 33)
April 17, 2025 IA SF 619 Appropriates $13.6 Million from the Iowa Economic Emergency Fund for Fiscal Year 2025 Bill Passed - House (91 - 1)
April 17, 2025 AL HB 247 Amends the Name "Gulf of Mexico" to the "Gulf of America" Bill Passed - House (72 - 26)
April 17, 2025 AL HB 7 Authorizes Local Law Enforcement to Enforce Federal Immigration Laws Bill Passed - House (74 - 26)
April 16, 2025 IN HB 1393 Requires Law Enforcement to Report Arrestees for Suspected Illegal Immigration Status Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 19)
April 16, 2025 AZ SB 1610 Requires County Jails to Provide Identifying Information for Individuals Arrested for Certain Crimes to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Bill Passed - House (33 - 25)
April 16, 2025 NC HB 133 Prohibits Foreign Governments From Purchasing, Acquiring, or Leasing Agricultural Land Bill Passed - House (111 - 0)
April 15, 2025 NC HB 373 Authorizes the University of North Carolina (UNC) System to Discount Tuition for Students with Military or Employer Tuition Assistance Bill Passed - House (112 - 1)
April 15, 2025 AL HB 480 Prohibits Individuals from Using a Foreign National's Driver's License or ID to Vote in Alabama Elections Bill Passed - House (76 - 5)
April 10, 2025 NH HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (211 - 161)
April 10, 2025 NH HB 71 Prohibits the Use of Public School Facilities to Provide Shelter to Undocumented Immigrants "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (209 - 162)
April 10, 2025 AR HB 1974 Prohibits State Entities from Employing Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (76 - 20)
April 7, 2025 MD HB 1222 Prohibits Local Law Enforcement Agencies From Entering Agreements With Federal Immigration Officials Concurrence Vote Passed - House (101 - 38)
April 7, 2025 National HR 1039 Clear Communication for Veterans Claims Act Bill Passed - House (412 - 0)
April 1, 2025 National HR 1491 Disaster Related Extension of Deadlines Act Bill Passed - House (423 - 0)
March 31, 2025 National HR 517 Filing Relief for Natural Disasters Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 0)
March 26, 2025 KS SB 9 Limits and Restricts Foreign Land Ownership Around Military Bases and Prohibits the Purchase of Drones Manufactured in Certain Countries Conference Report Adopted - House (98 - 24)
March 26, 2025 KS SB 9 Limits and Restricts Foreign Land Ownership Around Military Bases and Prohibits the Purchase of Drones Manufactured in Certain Countries Conference Report Adopted - House (98 - 24)
March 26, 2025 IA HF 946 Requires the Attorney General to Investigate Any Law Enforcement Officer Who Intentionally Fails to Comply With the Requirements of State Immigration Law Bill Passed - House (61 - 35)
March 24, 2025 NJ S 3199 Establishes the New Jersey-Haiti Commission Bill Passed - House (63 - 3)
March 20, 2025 KS HB 2020 Requires a Quarterly Report Listing the Names, Addresses and Registration Numbers of Certain Non-Citizens Who Have Been Issued a Driver's License Concurrence Vote Passed - House (83 - 35)
March 20, 2025 IA HF 572 Establishes the Criminal Offense of Human Smuggling Bill Passed - House (75 - 14)
March 20, 2025 MI HB 4195 Authorizes Undocumented Individuals to Obtain Driver's Licenses and State ID's Bill Failed - House (39 - 64)
March 18, 2025 WI AB 24 Requires State Assistance with Federal Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (51 - 43)
March 17, 2025 ID H 135 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants From Accessing Publicly Funded Assistance Bill Passed - House (46 - 22)
March 17, 2025 MD HB 1222 Prohibits Local Law Enforcement Agencies From Entering Agreements With Federal Immigration Officials Bill Passed - House (98 - 38)
March 14, 2025 KY HB 45 Prohibits Foreign Donors and Entities from Donating to Campaigns for Ballot Measures Concurrence Vote Passed - House (77 - 12)
March 13, 2025 OK HB 1362 Establishes Illegal Immigration as a Felony Bill Passed - House (73 - 16)
March 10, 2025 WA HB 1321 Prohibits Any Federal Armed Forces from Entering the State Without Governor Authority Bill Passed - House (58 - 37)
March 10, 2025 National HR 993 Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act Bill Passed - House (406 - 9)
March 10, 2025 National HR 495 Subterranean Border Defense Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 1)
March 7, 2025 NM HB 9 Prohibits State Agencies and Local Governments from Entering into Agreements used to Detain Individuals for Violations of Civil Immigration Law Bill Passed - House (35 - 25)
March 7, 2025 MT HB 818 Prohibits Most Foreign Contributions to Ballot Initiative Organizations Bill Passed - House (57 - 42)
March 6, 2025 AL HB 3 Increases Penalties for Undocumented Immigrants Convicted of Felonies with Minor Victims Bill Passed - House (76 - 3)
March 5, 2025 SD SB 193 Authorizes an Applicant to have an Interpreter Present During the Driving Portion of a Driver License Exam Bill Passed - House (59 - 11)
March 4, 2025 SD SB 75 Requires Driver's Licenses and State IDs to Show Citizenship Status Bill Passed - House (66 - 4)
Feb. 25, 2025 NC HB 47 Appropriates $500 Million for Hurricane Helene Recovery Efforts Bill Passed - House (115 - 0)
Feb. 25, 2025 National HR 804 Rural Small Business Resilience Act Bill Passed - House (415 - 8)
Feb. 24, 2025 ND HB 1600 Establishes an Immigration-Focused Law Clinic at the University of North Dakota Bill Passed - House (67 - 25)
Feb. 24, 2025 CT HB 7066 Prohibits Use of Chinese and Russian Drones Within the State Bill Passed - House (94 - 49)
Feb. 20, 2025 ND HB 1038 Prohibits and Replaces Chinese-Made Drones in the State Fleet Concurrence Vote Passed - House (84 - 3)
Feb. 20, 2025 ND HB 1038 Prohibits and Replaces Chinese-Made Drones in the State Fleet Concurrence Vote Passed - House (84 - 3)
Feb. 13, 2025 National HR 35 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 155)
Feb. 12, 2025 WY HB 337 Prohibits Political Groups Including PACS and Organizations Influencing State Policy from Allowing Foreign Nationals to Fund or Participate in the Initiative Bill Passed - House (58 - 2)
Feb. 12, 2025 KY HB 45 Prohibits Foreign Donors and Entities from Donating to Campaigns for Ballot Measures Bill Passed - House (85 - 12)
Feb. 10, 2025 National HR 692 China Exchange Rate Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 7)
Feb. 10, 2025 ID H 83 Authorizes Law Enforcement to Regulate Undocumented Immigrants if They are Involved in Crimes Bill Passed - House (61 - 9)
Feb. 6, 2025 NH HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (351 - 6)
Feb. 4, 2025 VA HB 2002 Prohibits the Cancellation of the Voter Registration of Deployed Service Members Bill Passed - House (52 - 46)
Feb. 4, 2025 IN HB 1393 Requires Law Enforcement to Report Arrestees for Suspected Illegal Immigration Status Bill Passed - House (67 - 26)
Feb. 3, 2025 SD SB 7 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State Bill Passed - House (62 - 6)
Feb. 3, 2025 CA SB 2 Appropriates $25 Million for the State Department of Justice to Pay for Legal Battles Involving the Federal Government Bill Passed - House (58 - 17)
Jan. 30, 2025 TN SB 6002 Establishes Class E Felony Criminal Penalties for Officials Who Adopt Sanctuary City Policies Bill Passed - House (72 - 21)
Jan. 30, 2025 IA HF 117 Establishes National Guard Scholarship Opportunities Bill Passed - House (99 - 0)
Jan. 30, 2025 IA HF 118 Amends the Monetary Limits of the National Guard Service Scholarship Program Bill Passed - House (99 - 0)
Jan. 22, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (263 - 156)
Jan. 16, 2025 National HR 30 Preventing Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 145)
Jan. 15, 2025 National HR 33 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide special rules for the taxation of certain residents of Taiwan with income from sources within the United States Bill Passed - House (423 - 1)
Jan. 14, 2025 National HR 153 Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act Bill Passed - House (426 - 0)
Jan. 14, 2025 ND HB 1038 Prohibits and Replaces Chinese-Made Drones in the State Fleet Bill Passed - House (89 - 4)
Jan. 14, 2025 ND HB 1038 Prohibits and Replaces Chinese-Made Drones in the State Fleet Bill Passed - House (89 - 4)
Jan. 13, 2025 National HR 152 Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 5)
Jan. 9, 2025 National HR 23 Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act Bill Passed - House (243 - 140)
Jan. 9, 2025 National HR 23 Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act Bill Passed - House (243 - 140)
Jan. 7, 2025 National HR 29 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 159)
Date No. Title Outcome
4/21 HB 1600 Establishes an Immigration-Focused Law Clinic at the University of North Dakota Concurrence Vote Passed - House (64 - 29)
4/17 SF 369 Requires High School Students to Pass a Civics Test Identical to the U.S. Citizenship Test to Graduate Bill Passed - House (60 - 33)
4/17 SF 619 Appropriates $13.6 Million from the Iowa Economic Emergency Fund for Fiscal Year 2025 Bill Passed - House (91 - 1)
4/17 HB 247 Amends the Name "Gulf of Mexico" to the "Gulf of America" Bill Passed - House (72 - 26)
4/17 HB 7 Authorizes Local Law Enforcement to Enforce Federal Immigration Laws Bill Passed - House (74 - 26)
4/16 HB 1393 Requires Law Enforcement to Report Arrestees for Suspected Illegal Immigration Status Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 19)
4/16 SB 1610 Requires County Jails to Provide Identifying Information for Individuals Arrested for Certain Crimes to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Bill Passed - House (33 - 25)
4/16 HB 133 Prohibits Foreign Governments From Purchasing, Acquiring, or Leasing Agricultural Land Bill Passed - House (111 - 0)
4/15 HB 373 Authorizes the University of North Carolina (UNC) System to Discount Tuition for Students with Military or Employer Tuition Assistance Bill Passed - House (112 - 1)
4/15 HB 480 Prohibits Individuals from Using a Foreign National's Driver's License or ID to Vote in Alabama Elections Bill Passed - House (76 - 5)
4/10 HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (211 - 161)
4/10 HB 71 Prohibits the Use of Public School Facilities to Provide Shelter to Undocumented Immigrants "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (209 - 162)
4/10 HB 1974 Prohibits State Entities from Employing Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (76 - 20)
4/07 HB 1222 Prohibits Local Law Enforcement Agencies From Entering Agreements With Federal Immigration Officials Concurrence Vote Passed - House (101 - 38)
4/07 HR 1039 Clear Communication for Veterans Claims Act Bill Passed - House (412 - 0)
4/01 HR 1491 Disaster Related Extension of Deadlines Act Bill Passed - House (423 - 0)
3/31 HR 517 Filing Relief for Natural Disasters Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 0)
3/26 SB 9 Limits and Restricts Foreign Land Ownership Around Military Bases and Prohibits the Purchase of Drones Manufactured in Certain Countries Conference Report Adopted - House (98 - 24)
3/26 SB 9 Limits and Restricts Foreign Land Ownership Around Military Bases and Prohibits the Purchase of Drones Manufactured in Certain Countries Conference Report Adopted - House (98 - 24)
3/26 HF 946 Requires the Attorney General to Investigate Any Law Enforcement Officer Who Intentionally Fails to Comply With the Requirements of State Immigration Law Bill Passed - House (61 - 35)
3/24 S 3199 Establishes the New Jersey-Haiti Commission Bill Passed - House (63 - 3)
3/20 HB 2020 Requires a Quarterly Report Listing the Names, Addresses and Registration Numbers of Certain Non-Citizens Who Have Been Issued a Driver's License Concurrence Vote Passed - House (83 - 35)
3/20 HF 572 Establishes the Criminal Offense of Human Smuggling Bill Passed - House (75 - 14)
3/20 HB 4195 Authorizes Undocumented Individuals to Obtain Driver's Licenses and State ID's Bill Failed - House (39 - 64)
3/18 AB 24 Requires State Assistance with Federal Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (51 - 43)
3/17 H 135 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants From Accessing Publicly Funded Assistance Bill Passed - House (46 - 22)
3/17 HB 1222 Prohibits Local Law Enforcement Agencies From Entering Agreements With Federal Immigration Officials Bill Passed - House (98 - 38)
3/14 HB 45 Prohibits Foreign Donors and Entities from Donating to Campaigns for Ballot Measures Concurrence Vote Passed - House (77 - 12)
3/13 HB 1362 Establishes Illegal Immigration as a Felony Bill Passed - House (73 - 16)
3/10 HB 1321 Prohibits Any Federal Armed Forces from Entering the State Without Governor Authority Bill Passed - House (58 - 37)
3/10 HR 993 Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act Bill Passed - House (406 - 9)
3/10 HR 495 Subterranean Border Defense Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 1)
3/07 HB 9 Prohibits State Agencies and Local Governments from Entering into Agreements used to Detain Individuals for Violations of Civil Immigration Law Bill Passed - House (35 - 25)
3/07 HB 818 Prohibits Most Foreign Contributions to Ballot Initiative Organizations Bill Passed - House (57 - 42)
3/06 HB 3 Increases Penalties for Undocumented Immigrants Convicted of Felonies with Minor Victims Bill Passed - House (76 - 3)
3/05 SB 193 Authorizes an Applicant to have an Interpreter Present During the Driving Portion of a Driver License Exam Bill Passed - House (59 - 11)
3/04 SB 75 Requires Driver's Licenses and State IDs to Show Citizenship Status Bill Passed - House (66 - 4)
2/25 HB 47 Appropriates $500 Million for Hurricane Helene Recovery Efforts Bill Passed - House (115 - 0)
2/25 HR 804 Rural Small Business Resilience Act Bill Passed - House (415 - 8)
2/24 HB 1600 Establishes an Immigration-Focused Law Clinic at the University of North Dakota Bill Passed - House (67 - 25)
2/24 HB 7066 Prohibits Use of Chinese and Russian Drones Within the State Bill Passed - House (94 - 49)
2/20 HB 1038 Prohibits and Replaces Chinese-Made Drones in the State Fleet Concurrence Vote Passed - House (84 - 3)
2/20 HB 1038 Prohibits and Replaces Chinese-Made Drones in the State Fleet Concurrence Vote Passed - House (84 - 3)
2/13 HR 35 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 155)
2/12 HB 337 Prohibits Political Groups Including PACS and Organizations Influencing State Policy from Allowing Foreign Nationals to Fund or Participate in the Initiative Bill Passed - House (58 - 2)
2/12 HB 45 Prohibits Foreign Donors and Entities from Donating to Campaigns for Ballot Measures Bill Passed - House (85 - 12)
2/10 HR 692 China Exchange Rate Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 7)
2/10 H 83 Authorizes Law Enforcement to Regulate Undocumented Immigrants if They are Involved in Crimes Bill Passed - House (61 - 9)
2/06 HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (351 - 6)
2/04 HB 2002 Prohibits the Cancellation of the Voter Registration of Deployed Service Members Bill Passed - House (52 - 46)
2/04 HB 1393 Requires Law Enforcement to Report Arrestees for Suspected Illegal Immigration Status Bill Passed - House (67 - 26)
2/03 SB 7 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State Bill Passed - House (62 - 6)
2/03 SB 2 Appropriates $25 Million for the State Department of Justice to Pay for Legal Battles Involving the Federal Government Bill Passed - House (58 - 17)
1/30 SB 6002 Establishes Class E Felony Criminal Penalties for Officials Who Adopt Sanctuary City Policies Bill Passed - House (72 - 21)
1/30 HF 117 Establishes National Guard Scholarship Opportunities Bill Passed - House (99 - 0)
1/30 HF 118 Amends the Monetary Limits of the National Guard Service Scholarship Program Bill Passed - House (99 - 0)
1/22 S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (263 - 156)
1/16 HR 30 Preventing Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 145)
1/15 HR 33 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide special rules for the taxation of certain residents of Taiwan with income from sources within the United States Bill Passed - House (423 - 1)
1/14 HR 153 Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act Bill Passed - House (426 - 0)
1/14 HB 1038 Prohibits and Replaces Chinese-Made Drones in the State Fleet Bill Passed - House (89 - 4)
1/14 HB 1038 Prohibits and Replaces Chinese-Made Drones in the State Fleet Bill Passed - House (89 - 4)
1/13 HR 152 Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 5)
1/09 HR 23 Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act Bill Passed - House (243 - 140)
1/09 HR 23 Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act Bill Passed - House (243 - 140)
1/07 HR 29 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 159)
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