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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 6, 2025 AL SB 63 Requires Law Enforcement Agencies to Collect and Submit Fingerprints and DNA from Undocumented Immigrants in Custody Bill Passed - House (76 - 7)
May 5, 2025 AZ SB 1268 Require Hospitals to Question Patients on Legal Status in the United States Bill Passed - House (32 - 25)
May 3, 2025 CO SB 25-276 Extends and Expands the State's Protections on Disclosing Personal Information Bill Passed - House (42 - 21)
May 1, 2025 MI HB 4340 Prohibits Non-Citizens From Accessing Government Welfare Programs Bill Passed - House (63 - 43)
May 1, 2025 MI HB 4341 Prohibits Non-Citizens From Accessing Government Housing Programs Bill Passed - House (63 - 43)
May 1, 2025 MI HB 4339 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies and Requires Local-Federal Immigration Enforcement Cooperation Bill Passed - House (58 - 48)
April 29, 2025 NC HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Bill Passed - House (70 - 45)
April 28, 2025 AZ HB 2099 Requires All Government Employees at Any Level in Arizona Enforce and Cooperate with All immigration Orders Concurrence Vote Passed - House (32 - 23)
April 28, 2025 LA HB 436 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants from Receiving General Damages Stemming from Auto Accidents Bill Passed - House (69 - 17)
April 21, 2025 ND HB 1600 Establishes an Immigration-Focused Law Clinic at the University of North Dakota Concurrence Vote Passed - House (64 - 29)
April 17, 2025 IA SF 369 Requires High School Students to Pass a Civics Test Identical to the U.S. Citizenship Test to Graduate Bill Passed - House (60 - 33)
April 17, 2025 AL HB 7 Authorizes Local Law Enforcement to Enforce Federal Immigration Laws Bill Passed - House (74 - 26)
April 16, 2025 IN HB 1393 Requires Law Enforcement to Report Arrestees for Suspected Illegal Immigration Status Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 19)
April 16, 2025 AZ SB 1610 Requires County Jails to Provide Identifying Information for Individuals Arrested for Certain Crimes to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Bill Passed - House (33 - 25)
April 10, 2025 NH HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (211 - 161)
April 10, 2025 NH HB 71 Prohibits the Use of Public School Facilities to Provide Shelter to Undocumented Immigrants "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (209 - 162)
April 10, 2025 AR HB 1974 Prohibits State Entities from Employing Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (76 - 20)
April 7, 2025 MD HB 1222 Prohibits Local Law Enforcement Agencies From Entering Agreements With Federal Immigration Officials Concurrence Vote Passed - House (101 - 38)
March 26, 2025 IA HF 946 Requires the Attorney General to Investigate Any Law Enforcement Officer Who Intentionally Fails to Comply With the Requirements of State Immigration Law Bill Passed - House (61 - 35)
March 20, 2025 KS HB 2020 Requires a Quarterly Report Listing the Names, Addresses and Registration Numbers of Certain Non-Citizens Who Have Been Issued a Driver's License Concurrence Vote Passed - House (83 - 35)
March 20, 2025 IA HF 572 Establishes the Criminal Offense of Human Smuggling Bill Passed - House (75 - 14)
March 20, 2025 MI HB 4195 Authorizes Undocumented Individuals to Obtain Driver's Licenses and State ID's Bill Failed - House (39 - 64)
March 18, 2025 WI AB 24 Requires State Assistance with Federal Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (51 - 43)
March 17, 2025 MD HB 1222 Prohibits Local Law Enforcement Agencies From Entering Agreements With Federal Immigration Officials Bill Passed - House (98 - 38)
March 17, 2025 ID H 135 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants From Accessing Publicly Funded Assistance Bill Passed - House (46 - 22)
March 13, 2025 OK HB 1362 Establishes Illegal Immigration as a Felony Bill Passed - House (73 - 16)
March 10, 2025 National HR 993 Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act Bill Passed - House (406 - 9)
March 10, 2025 National HR 495 Subterranean Border Defense Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 1)
March 7, 2025 NM HB 9 Prohibits State Agencies and Local Governments from Entering into Agreements used to Detain Individuals for Violations of Civil Immigration Law Bill Passed - House (35 - 25)
March 6, 2025 AL HB 3 Increases Penalties for Undocumented Immigrants Convicted of Felonies with Minor Victims Bill Passed - House (76 - 3)
March 5, 2025 SD SB 193 Authorizes an Applicant to have an Interpreter Present During the Driving Portion of a Driver License Exam Bill Passed - House (59 - 11)
March 4, 2025 SD SB 75 Requires Driver's Licenses and State IDs to Show Citizenship Status Bill Passed - House (66 - 4)
Feb. 24, 2025 ND HB 1600 Establishes an Immigration-Focused Law Clinic at the University of North Dakota Bill Passed - House (67 - 25)
Feb. 13, 2025 National HR 35 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 155)
Feb. 10, 2025 ID H 83 Authorizes Law Enforcement to Regulate Undocumented Immigrants if They are Involved in Crimes Bill Passed - House (61 - 9)
Feb. 6, 2025 NH HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (351 - 6)
Feb. 4, 2025 IN HB 1393 Requires Law Enforcement to Report Arrestees for Suspected Illegal Immigration Status Bill Passed - House (67 - 26)
Feb. 3, 2025 SD SB 7 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State Bill Passed - House (62 - 6)
Feb. 3, 2025 CA SB 2 Appropriates $25 Million for the State Department of Justice to Pay for Legal Battles Involving the Federal Government Bill Passed - House (58 - 17)
Jan. 30, 2025 TN SB 6002 Establishes Class E Felony Criminal Penalties for Officials Who Adopt Sanctuary City Policies Bill Passed - House (72 - 21)
Jan. 22, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (263 - 156)
Jan. 16, 2025 National HR 30 Preventing Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 145)
Jan. 7, 2025 National HR 29 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 159)
Sept. 20, 2024 National HR 5717 No Bailout for Sanctuary Cities Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 186)
Sept. 18, 2024 National HR 7909 Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act Bill Passed - House (266 - 158)
July 25, 2024 National H Res 1371 Strongly condemning the Biden Administration and its Border Czar, Kamala Harris's, failure to secure the United States border. Resolution Passed - House (220 - 196)
June 25, 2024 National HR 2789 American Cooperation with Our Neighbors Act Bill Passed - House (368 - 19)
May 23, 2024 National HR 192 To prohibit individuals who are not citizens of the United States from voting in elections in the District of Columbia Bill Passed - House (262 - 143)
May 22, 2024 IL SB 2690 Requires Public Universities to Pay or Reimburse Refugee Transcript Evaluation Fees Bill Passed - House (87 - 22)
May 16, 2024 National HR 8146 Police Our Border Act Bill Passed - House (254 - 157)
May 15, 2024 National H Res 1210 Condemning the Biden border crisis and the tremendous burdens law enforcement officers face as a result. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 185)
May 15, 2024 National HR 7343 Detain and Deport Illegal Aliens Who Assault Cops Act Bill Passed - House (265 - 148)
May 8, 2024 CO HB 24-1280 Establishes Grant Programs for Community-Based Organizations to Provide Appropriate Services for Migrants who Have Recently Arrived Concurrence Vote Passed - House (41 - 20)
May 8, 2024 National HR 7109 Equal Representation Act Bill Passed - House (206 - 202)
May 7, 2024 CO SB 24-182 Amends the ID Requirement for the Colorado Road and Community Safety Act Bill Passed - House (43 - 19)
May 1, 2024 National H Res 1112 Denouncing the Biden administration's immigration policies. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 191)
April 20, 2024 National HR 3602 End the Border Catastrophe Act Bill Failed - House (215 - 199)
April 18, 2024 OK HB 4156 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - House (77 - 20)
March 29, 2024 ID H 753 Prohibits Illegal Entry Into Idaho Bill Passed - House (53 - 15)
March 28, 2024 GA HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 75)
March 26, 2024 GA SB 132 Prohibits Undocumented Individuals from Certain Land Ownership Bill Passed - House (167 - 4)
March 14, 2024 TN HB 2124 Requires Local Law Enforcement Cooperation with Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - House (74 - 22)
March 12, 2024 National H Res 1065 Denouncing the Biden administration's immigration policies. Resolution Passed - House (226 - 193)
March 6, 2024 OR SB 1533 Requires the Secretary of State Translate Voter Pamphlets into the 10 Most Common Languages in the State Bill Passed - House (45 - 9)
March 6, 2024 FL HB 1451 Prohibits the Acceptance of Certain Forms of Identification Bill Passed - House (81 - 32)
Feb. 29, 2024 GA HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Bill Passed - House (97 - 74)
Feb. 28, 2024 AZ SB 1231 Classifies Illegal Border Crossing as a State Crime Bill Passed - House (31 - 28)
Feb. 28, 2024 AZ HCR 2038 Defines "Drug Cartels" as Terrorist Organizations Joint Resolution Passed - House (31 - 28)
Feb. 26, 2024 SD HB 1061 Appropriates $4.28 Million to the Emergency and Disaster Fund for National Guard Troop Deployment to the Texas Border Bill Passed - House (63 - 5)
Feb. 9, 2024 WA HB 1889 Repeals Citizenship Requirements to Work for Undocumented Immigrants Seeking Professional Licenses Bill Passed - House (66 - 31)
Feb. 1, 2024 National HR 6976 Protect Our Communities from DUIs Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 150)
Jan. 31, 2024 National HR 6679 No Immigration Benefits for Hamas Terrorists Act Bill Passed - House (422 - 2)
Jan. 31, 2024 National HR 6678 Consequences for Social Security Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 155)
Jan. 30, 2024 National HR 5585 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (271 - 154)
Jan. 30, 2024 KY HB 341 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in an Election Bill Passed - House (81 - 15)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/06 SB 63 Requires Law Enforcement Agencies to Collect and Submit Fingerprints and DNA from Undocumented Immigrants in Custody Bill Passed - House (76 - 7)
5/05 SB 1268 Require Hospitals to Question Patients on Legal Status in the United States Bill Passed - House (32 - 25)
5/03 SB 25-276 Extends and Expands the State's Protections on Disclosing Personal Information Bill Passed - House (42 - 21)
5/01 HB 4340 Prohibits Non-Citizens From Accessing Government Welfare Programs Bill Passed - House (63 - 43)
5/01 HB 4341 Prohibits Non-Citizens From Accessing Government Housing Programs Bill Passed - House (63 - 43)
5/01 HB 4339 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies and Requires Local-Federal Immigration Enforcement Cooperation Bill Passed - House (58 - 48)
4/29 HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Bill Passed - House (70 - 45)
4/28 HB 2099 Requires All Government Employees at Any Level in Arizona Enforce and Cooperate with All immigration Orders Concurrence Vote Passed - House (32 - 23)
4/28 HB 436 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants from Receiving General Damages Stemming from Auto Accidents Bill Passed - House (69 - 17)
4/21 HB 1600 Establishes an Immigration-Focused Law Clinic at the University of North Dakota Concurrence Vote Passed - House (64 - 29)
4/17 SF 369 Requires High School Students to Pass a Civics Test Identical to the U.S. Citizenship Test to Graduate Bill Passed - House (60 - 33)
4/17 HB 7 Authorizes Local Law Enforcement to Enforce Federal Immigration Laws Bill Passed - House (74 - 26)
4/16 HB 1393 Requires Law Enforcement to Report Arrestees for Suspected Illegal Immigration Status Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 19)
4/16 SB 1610 Requires County Jails to Provide Identifying Information for Individuals Arrested for Certain Crimes to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Bill Passed - House (33 - 25)
4/10 HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (211 - 161)
4/10 HB 71 Prohibits the Use of Public School Facilities to Provide Shelter to Undocumented Immigrants "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (209 - 162)
4/10 HB 1974 Prohibits State Entities from Employing Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (76 - 20)
4/07 HB 1222 Prohibits Local Law Enforcement Agencies From Entering Agreements With Federal Immigration Officials Concurrence Vote Passed - House (101 - 38)
3/26 HF 946 Requires the Attorney General to Investigate Any Law Enforcement Officer Who Intentionally Fails to Comply With the Requirements of State Immigration Law Bill Passed - House (61 - 35)
3/20 HB 2020 Requires a Quarterly Report Listing the Names, Addresses and Registration Numbers of Certain Non-Citizens Who Have Been Issued a Driver's License Concurrence Vote Passed - House (83 - 35)
3/20 HF 572 Establishes the Criminal Offense of Human Smuggling Bill Passed - House (75 - 14)
3/20 HB 4195 Authorizes Undocumented Individuals to Obtain Driver's Licenses and State ID's Bill Failed - House (39 - 64)
3/18 AB 24 Requires State Assistance with Federal Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - House (51 - 43)
3/17 HB 1222 Prohibits Local Law Enforcement Agencies From Entering Agreements With Federal Immigration Officials Bill Passed - House (98 - 38)
3/17 H 135 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants From Accessing Publicly Funded Assistance Bill Passed - House (46 - 22)
3/13 HB 1362 Establishes Illegal Immigration as a Felony Bill Passed - House (73 - 16)
3/10 HR 993 Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act Bill Passed - House (406 - 9)
3/10 HR 495 Subterranean Border Defense Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 1)
3/07 HB 9 Prohibits State Agencies and Local Governments from Entering into Agreements used to Detain Individuals for Violations of Civil Immigration Law Bill Passed - House (35 - 25)
3/06 HB 3 Increases Penalties for Undocumented Immigrants Convicted of Felonies with Minor Victims Bill Passed - House (76 - 3)
3/05 SB 193 Authorizes an Applicant to have an Interpreter Present During the Driving Portion of a Driver License Exam Bill Passed - House (59 - 11)
3/04 SB 75 Requires Driver's Licenses and State IDs to Show Citizenship Status Bill Passed - House (66 - 4)
2/24 HB 1600 Establishes an Immigration-Focused Law Clinic at the University of North Dakota Bill Passed - House (67 - 25)
2/13 HR 35 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 155)
2/10 H 83 Authorizes Law Enforcement to Regulate Undocumented Immigrants if They are Involved in Crimes Bill Passed - House (61 - 9)
2/06 HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (351 - 6)
2/04 HB 1393 Requires Law Enforcement to Report Arrestees for Suspected Illegal Immigration Status Bill Passed - House (67 - 26)
2/03 SB 7 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State Bill Passed - House (62 - 6)
2/03 SB 2 Appropriates $25 Million for the State Department of Justice to Pay for Legal Battles Involving the Federal Government Bill Passed - House (58 - 17)
1/30 SB 6002 Establishes Class E Felony Criminal Penalties for Officials Who Adopt Sanctuary City Policies Bill Passed - House (72 - 21)
1/22 S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (263 - 156)
1/16 HR 30 Preventing Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 145)
1/07 HR 29 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 159)
9/20 HR 5717 No Bailout for Sanctuary Cities Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 186)
9/18 HR 7909 Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act Bill Passed - House (266 - 158)
7/25 H Res 1371 Strongly condemning the Biden Administration and its Border Czar, Kamala Harris's, failure to secure the United States border. Resolution Passed - House (220 - 196)
6/25 HR 2789 American Cooperation with Our Neighbors Act Bill Passed - House (368 - 19)
5/23 HR 192 To prohibit individuals who are not citizens of the United States from voting in elections in the District of Columbia Bill Passed - House (262 - 143)
5/22 SB 2690 Requires Public Universities to Pay or Reimburse Refugee Transcript Evaluation Fees Bill Passed - House (87 - 22)
5/16 HR 8146 Police Our Border Act Bill Passed - House (254 - 157)
5/15 H Res 1210 Condemning the Biden border crisis and the tremendous burdens law enforcement officers face as a result. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 185)
5/15 HR 7343 Detain and Deport Illegal Aliens Who Assault Cops Act Bill Passed - House (265 - 148)
5/08 HB 24-1280 Establishes Grant Programs for Community-Based Organizations to Provide Appropriate Services for Migrants who Have Recently Arrived Concurrence Vote Passed - House (41 - 20)
5/08 HR 7109 Equal Representation Act Bill Passed - House (206 - 202)
5/07 SB 24-182 Amends the ID Requirement for the Colorado Road and Community Safety Act Bill Passed - House (43 - 19)
5/01 H Res 1112 Denouncing the Biden administration's immigration policies. Resolution Passed - House (223 - 191)
4/20 HR 3602 End the Border Catastrophe Act Bill Failed - House (215 - 199)
4/18 HB 4156 Amends Various State Immigration Laws, Policies, and Restrictions Bill Passed - House (77 - 20)
3/29 H 753 Prohibits Illegal Entry Into Idaho Bill Passed - House (53 - 15)
3/28 HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 75)
3/26 SB 132 Prohibits Undocumented Individuals from Certain Land Ownership Bill Passed - House (167 - 4)
3/14 HB 2124 Requires Local Law Enforcement Cooperation with Federal Immigration Authorities Bill Passed - House (74 - 22)
3/12 H Res 1065 Denouncing the Biden administration's immigration policies. Resolution Passed - House (226 - 193)
3/06 SB 1533 Requires the Secretary of State Translate Voter Pamphlets into the 10 Most Common Languages in the State Bill Passed - House (45 - 9)
3/06 HB 1451 Prohibits the Acceptance of Certain Forms of Identification Bill Passed - House (81 - 32)
2/29 HB 1105 Establishes Penalties for Sheriff's that Refuse to Follow Federal Immigration Orders Bill Passed - House (97 - 74)
2/28 SB 1231 Classifies Illegal Border Crossing as a State Crime Bill Passed - House (31 - 28)
2/28 HCR 2038 Defines "Drug Cartels" as Terrorist Organizations Joint Resolution Passed - House (31 - 28)
2/26 HB 1061 Appropriates $4.28 Million to the Emergency and Disaster Fund for National Guard Troop Deployment to the Texas Border Bill Passed - House (63 - 5)
2/09 HB 1889 Repeals Citizenship Requirements to Work for Undocumented Immigrants Seeking Professional Licenses Bill Passed - House (66 - 31)
2/01 HR 6976 Protect Our Communities from DUIs Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 150)
1/31 HR 6679 No Immigration Benefits for Hamas Terrorists Act Bill Passed - House (422 - 2)
1/31 HR 6678 Consequences for Social Security Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 155)
1/30 HR 5585 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (271 - 154)
1/30 HB 341 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in an Election Bill Passed - House (81 - 15)
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