Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Dec. 17, 2025 National H Con Res 61 Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution, to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities with presidentially designated terrorist organizations in the Western Hemisphere Joint Resolution Failed - House (210 - 216)
Dec. 17, 2025 National H Con Res 61 Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution, to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities with presidentially designated terrorist organizations in the Western Hemisphere Joint Resolution Failed - House (210 - 216)
Dec. 16, 2025 National HR 4371 To amend the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 and the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to enhance efforts to combat the trafficking of children Bill Passed - House (225 - 201)
Dec. 4, 2025 National HR 1049 Transparency in Reporting of Adversarial Contributions to Education Act Bill Passed - House (247 - 166)
Dec. 3, 2025 National HR 1005 Combating the Lies of Authoritarians in School Systems (CLASS) Act Bill Passed - House (242 - 176)
Dec. 1, 2025 National HR 4423 No New Burma Funds Act Bill Passed - House (385 - 0)
Dec. 1, 2025 National HR 4423 No New Burma Funds Act Bill Passed - House (385 - 0)
Nov. 20, 2025 National HR 1949 Unlocking our Domestic LNG Potential Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (217 - 188)
Nov. 19, 2025 National H Res 893 Censuring Representative Cory Mills of Florida and removing him from the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs Motion Agreed - House (310 - 103)
Nov. 19, 2025 National H Res 893 Censuring Representative Cory Mills of Florida and removing him from the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs Motion Agreed - House (310 - 103)
Nov. 19, 2025 National HR 4058 Enhancing Stakeholder Support and Outreach for Preparedness Grants Act Bill Passed - House (380 - 45)
Nov. 18, 2025 National HR 4405 Epstein Files Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (427 - 1)
Nov. 17, 2025 National HR 1608 Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 15)
Nov. 17, 2025 National HR 2659 Strengthening Cyber Resilience Against State-Sponsored Threats Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 8)
Nov. 17, 2025 National HR 2659 Strengthening Cyber Resilience Against State-Sponsored Threats Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 8)
Nov. 12, 2025 OH HB 251 Establishes Requirements for the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Law Enforcement Bill Passed - House (94 - 2)
Nov. 5, 2025 OH HB 434 Exempts Individuals With Foreign Drivers Licenses Working With the Military From Certain Drivers Education Requirements, and Makes Various Other Programmatic Amendments Concurrence Vote Passed - House (88 - 3)
Nov. 5, 2025 OH HB 434 Exempts Individuals With Foreign Drivers Licenses Working With the Military From Certain Drivers Education Requirements, and Makes Various Other Programmatic Amendments Concurrence Vote Passed - House (88 - 3)
Nov. 5, 2025 OH HB 188 Establishes the Ohio Israel Trade and Innovation Partnership Bill Passed - House (73 - 10)
Nov. 5, 2025 OH HB 188 Establishes the Ohio Israel Trade and Innovation Partnership Bill Passed - House (73 - 10)
Oct. 21, 2025 NC SB 449 Expands Loan Program for Businesses Impacted by Hurricane Helene Conference Report Adopted - House (104 - 6)
Oct. 1, 2025 MI HB 4962 Establishes the Michigan National Guard Member Benefit Fund Bill Passed - House (93 - 16)
Sept. 23, 2025 NC HB 358 Appropriates Funds for Disaster Relief and Extends Other Funds to Future Fiscal Years Concurrence Vote Passed - House (105 - 4)
Sept. 12, 2025 CA AB 325 Prohibits a Person from Using or Distributing a Common Pricing Algorithm to Restrain Trade or Commerce Concurrence Vote Passed - House (54 - 18)
Sept. 11, 2025 CA AB 495 Authorizes Undocumented Parents to Appoint a Legal Guardian Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 20)
Sept. 11, 2025 CA AB 419 Requires Educational Agencies to Post Certain Immigration Enforcement Information on Their Website and Administrative Buildings Concurrence Vote Passed - House (63 - 9)
Sept. 11, 2025 National HR 3486 Stop Illegal Entry Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (226 - 197)
Sept. 11, 2025 MI HB 4755 Prohibits Unfair, Unconscionable, or Deceptive Acts or Practices in the Conduct of Trade or Commerce. Bill Passed - House (103 - 1)
Sept. 11, 2025 WI AB 308 Prohibits Public Funds From Being Used to Pay for Health Care Services for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (51 - 44)
Sept. 10, 2025 National HR 3838 Streamlining Procurement for Effective Execution and Delivery and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 Bill Passed - House (231 - 196)
Sept. 9, 2025 CA AB 1348 Expands the List of Reasons a School May Request Average Daily Attendance Credits to Include Immigration Enforcement Actions Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 15)
Sept. 9, 2025 CA SB 627 Prohibits Local, Out-of-State, and Federal Law Enforcement Officers from Wearing Face Coverings Bill Passed - House (45 - 23)
Sept. 2, 2025 CA AB 49 Prohibits School Officials From Allowing an Immigration Authority Onto a Nonpublic School Site Without a Warrant or Court Order Concurrence Vote Passed - House (61 - 7)
Sept. 2, 2025 CA SB 81 Prohibits Immigration Enforcement from Obtaining Medical Information from Healthcare Providers without a Valid Warrant Bill Passed - House (58 - 11)
Sept. 2, 2025 CA SB 98 Requires School Districts and Certain Universities to Notify Students, Faculty, and Other Campus Members When Federal Immigration Enforcement is Present Bill Passed - House (59 - 10)
Sept. 2, 2025 National HR 4216 Made-in-America Defense Act Bill Passed - House (395 - 20)
Sept. 2, 2025 National HR 4216 Made-in-America Defense Act Bill Passed - House (395 - 20)
Aug. 4, 2025 VA HB 2002 Prohibits the Cancellation of the Voter Registration of Deployed Service Members Veto Override Failed - House (50 - 46)
July 29, 2025 NC HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Veto Override Passed - House (72 - 48)
July 23, 2025 National HR 4275 Coast Guard Authorization Act Bill Passed - House (399 - 12)
July 23, 2025 National HR 4275 Coast Guard Authorization Act Bill Passed - House (399 - 12)
July 18, 2025 National HR 4016 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (221 - 209)
July 18, 2025 National HR 4016 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (221 - 209)
June 30, 2025 PA HB 799 Amends Regulations for Veterans' Benefits and Services Workplace Posting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (181 - 22)
June 30, 2025 NJ S 4376 Amends and Restructures the Department of Military and Veterans Affairs Bill Passed - House (72 - 0)
June 26, 2025 National HR 875 Jeremy and Angel Seay and Sergeant Brandon Mendoza Protect Our Communities from DUIs Act Bill Passed - House (246 - 160)
June 26, 2025 National HR 275 Special Interest Alien Reporting Act Bill Passed - House (231 - 182)
June 25, 2025 National HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (218 - 206)
June 25, 2025 National HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (218 - 206)
June 23, 2025 National HR 1998 Sanction Sea Pirates Act Bill Passed - House (392 - 14)
June 23, 2025 National HR 1998 Sanction Sea Pirates Act Bill Passed - House (392 - 14)
June 18, 2025 ME LD 1971 Limits How Local Law Enforcement Agencies Assist Federal Immigration Officials Concurrence Vote Passed - House (75 - 73)
June 12, 2025 RI S 75 Establishes Local VIN Check Authority and Waives Fees for Veterans and Military Members Concurrence Vote Passed - House (66 - 1)
June 12, 2025 National HR 4 Rescissions Act Bill Passed - House (214 - 212)
June 12, 2025 National HR 4 Rescissions Act Bill Passed - House (214 - 212)
June 12, 2025 National HR 2056 District of Columbia Federal Immigration Compliance Act Bill Passed - House (224 - 194)
June 10, 2025 NC HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Concurrence Vote Passed - House (66 - 45)
June 10, 2025 National HR 2096 Protecting Our Nation's Capital Emergency Act Bill Passed - House (235 - 178)
June 9, 2025 LA SB 15 Authorizes Punishments to Jailers for Not Cooperating with ICE Bill Passed - House (71 - 30)
June 9, 2025 LA SB 100 Requires State Agencies to Track and Report the Services Received by Undocumented Immigrants to Determine the Amount of Tax Dollars Spent on Them Bill Passed - House (74 - 27)
June 9, 2025 MN HF 1 Repeals MinnesotaCare Eligibility for Undocumented Immigrants Age 18 or Older Bill Passed - House (68 - 65)
June 9, 2025 National HR 2035 American Cargo for American Ships Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 14)
June 5, 2025 National HR 2931 Save SBA from Sanctuary Cities Act Bill Passed - House (211 - 199)
June 4, 2025 NC SB 153 Requires State Police to Cooperate with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Authorizes Individuals to Sue Local Governments for Crimes Committed by Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (60 - 46)
June 2, 2025 CA AB 325 Prohibits a Person from Using or Distributing a Common Pricing Algorithm to Restrain Trade or Commerce Bill Passed - House (54 - 17)
June 2, 2025 CA AB 1348 Expands the List of Reasons a School May Request Average Daily Attendance Credits to Include Immigration Enforcement Actions Bill Passed - House (62 - 13)
June 1, 2025 TX SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Conference Report Adopted - House (89 - 52)
May 31, 2025 IL HB 2987 Establishes the Warehouse Tornado Preparedness Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 15)
May 31, 2025 IL SB 2339 Prohibits Employers from Firing an Immigrant Worker if Their Records Don't Match the Federal E-Verify System Bill Passed - House (75 - 42)
May 29, 2025 OK HB 2769 Amends Leadership Requirements and Duties for Positions Within the Oklahoma National Guard Veto Override Passed - House (79 - 6)
May 29, 2025 TX SB 17 Increases Sanctions Against Foreign Entities from Purchasing Land in Texas Conference Report Adopted - House (85 - 57)
May 27, 2025 LA HB 436 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants from Receiving General Damages Stemming from Auto Accidents Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 24)
May 27, 2025 CA AB 49 Prohibits School Officials From Allowing an Immigration Authority Onto a Nonpublic School Site Without a Warrant or Court Order Bill Passed - House (62 - 9)
May 24, 2025 TX SB 36 Establishes a Texas Homeland Security Division Bill Passed - House (83 - 36)
May 23, 2025 NV SB 124 Authorizes Limited Licensure of Certain Foreign Physicians Bill Passed - House (41 - 0)
Date No. Title Outcome
12/17 H Con Res 61 Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution, to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities with presidentially designated terrorist organizations in the Western Hemisphere Joint Resolution Failed - House (210 - 216)
12/17 H Con Res 61 Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution, to remove United States Armed Forces from hostilities with presidentially designated terrorist organizations in the Western Hemisphere Joint Resolution Failed - House (210 - 216)
12/16 HR 4371 To amend the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 and the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to enhance efforts to combat the trafficking of children Bill Passed - House (225 - 201)
12/04 HR 1049 Transparency in Reporting of Adversarial Contributions to Education Act Bill Passed - House (247 - 166)
12/03 HR 1005 Combating the Lies of Authoritarians in School Systems (CLASS) Act Bill Passed - House (242 - 176)
12/01 HR 4423 No New Burma Funds Act Bill Passed - House (385 - 0)
12/01 HR 4423 No New Burma Funds Act Bill Passed - House (385 - 0)
11/20 HR 1949 Unlocking our Domestic LNG Potential Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (217 - 188)
11/19 H Res 893 Censuring Representative Cory Mills of Florida and removing him from the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs Motion Agreed - House (310 - 103)
11/19 H Res 893 Censuring Representative Cory Mills of Florida and removing him from the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs Motion Agreed - House (310 - 103)
11/19 HR 4058 Enhancing Stakeholder Support and Outreach for Preparedness Grants Act Bill Passed - House (380 - 45)
11/18 HR 4405 Epstein Files Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (427 - 1)
11/17 HR 1608 Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 15)
11/17 HR 2659 Strengthening Cyber Resilience Against State-Sponsored Threats Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 8)
11/17 HR 2659 Strengthening Cyber Resilience Against State-Sponsored Threats Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 8)
11/12 HB 251 Establishes Requirements for the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Law Enforcement Bill Passed - House (94 - 2)
11/05 HB 434 Exempts Individuals With Foreign Drivers Licenses Working With the Military From Certain Drivers Education Requirements, and Makes Various Other Programmatic Amendments Concurrence Vote Passed - House (88 - 3)
11/05 HB 434 Exempts Individuals With Foreign Drivers Licenses Working With the Military From Certain Drivers Education Requirements, and Makes Various Other Programmatic Amendments Concurrence Vote Passed - House (88 - 3)
11/05 HB 188 Establishes the Ohio Israel Trade and Innovation Partnership Bill Passed - House (73 - 10)
11/05 HB 188 Establishes the Ohio Israel Trade and Innovation Partnership Bill Passed - House (73 - 10)
10/21 SB 449 Expands Loan Program for Businesses Impacted by Hurricane Helene Conference Report Adopted - House (104 - 6)
10/01 HB 4962 Establishes the Michigan National Guard Member Benefit Fund Bill Passed - House (93 - 16)
9/23 HB 358 Appropriates Funds for Disaster Relief and Extends Other Funds to Future Fiscal Years Concurrence Vote Passed - House (105 - 4)
9/12 AB 325 Prohibits a Person from Using or Distributing a Common Pricing Algorithm to Restrain Trade or Commerce Concurrence Vote Passed - House (54 - 18)
9/11 AB 495 Authorizes Undocumented Parents to Appoint a Legal Guardian Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 20)
9/11 AB 419 Requires Educational Agencies to Post Certain Immigration Enforcement Information on Their Website and Administrative Buildings Concurrence Vote Passed - House (63 - 9)
9/11 HR 3486 Stop Illegal Entry Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (226 - 197)
9/11 HB 4755 Prohibits Unfair, Unconscionable, or Deceptive Acts or Practices in the Conduct of Trade or Commerce. Bill Passed - House (103 - 1)
9/11 AB 308 Prohibits Public Funds From Being Used to Pay for Health Care Services for Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (51 - 44)
9/10 HR 3838 Streamlining Procurement for Effective Execution and Delivery and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 Bill Passed - House (231 - 196)
9/09 AB 1348 Expands the List of Reasons a School May Request Average Daily Attendance Credits to Include Immigration Enforcement Actions Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 15)
9/09 SB 627 Prohibits Local, Out-of-State, and Federal Law Enforcement Officers from Wearing Face Coverings Bill Passed - House (45 - 23)
9/02 AB 49 Prohibits School Officials From Allowing an Immigration Authority Onto a Nonpublic School Site Without a Warrant or Court Order Concurrence Vote Passed - House (61 - 7)
9/02 SB 81 Prohibits Immigration Enforcement from Obtaining Medical Information from Healthcare Providers without a Valid Warrant Bill Passed - House (58 - 11)
9/02 SB 98 Requires School Districts and Certain Universities to Notify Students, Faculty, and Other Campus Members When Federal Immigration Enforcement is Present Bill Passed - House (59 - 10)
9/02 HR 4216 Made-in-America Defense Act Bill Passed - House (395 - 20)
9/02 HR 4216 Made-in-America Defense Act Bill Passed - House (395 - 20)
8/04 HB 2002 Prohibits the Cancellation of the Voter Registration of Deployed Service Members Veto Override Failed - House (50 - 46)
7/29 HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Veto Override Passed - House (72 - 48)
7/23 HR 4275 Coast Guard Authorization Act Bill Passed - House (399 - 12)
7/23 HR 4275 Coast Guard Authorization Act Bill Passed - House (399 - 12)
7/18 HR 4016 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (221 - 209)
7/18 HR 4016 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (221 - 209)
6/30 HB 799 Amends Regulations for Veterans' Benefits and Services Workplace Posting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (181 - 22)
6/30 S 4376 Amends and Restructures the Department of Military and Veterans Affairs Bill Passed - House (72 - 0)
6/26 HR 875 Jeremy and Angel Seay and Sergeant Brandon Mendoza Protect Our Communities from DUIs Act Bill Passed - House (246 - 160)
6/26 HR 275 Special Interest Alien Reporting Act Bill Passed - House (231 - 182)
6/25 HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (218 - 206)
6/25 HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (218 - 206)
6/23 HR 1998 Sanction Sea Pirates Act Bill Passed - House (392 - 14)
6/23 HR 1998 Sanction Sea Pirates Act Bill Passed - House (392 - 14)
6/18 LD 1971 Limits How Local Law Enforcement Agencies Assist Federal Immigration Officials Concurrence Vote Passed - House (75 - 73)
6/12 S 75 Establishes Local VIN Check Authority and Waives Fees for Veterans and Military Members Concurrence Vote Passed - House (66 - 1)
6/12 HR 4 Rescissions Act Bill Passed - House (214 - 212)
6/12 HR 4 Rescissions Act Bill Passed - House (214 - 212)
6/12 HR 2056 District of Columbia Federal Immigration Compliance Act Bill Passed - House (224 - 194)
6/10 HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Concurrence Vote Passed - House (66 - 45)
6/10 HR 2096 Protecting Our Nation's Capital Emergency Act Bill Passed - House (235 - 178)
6/09 SB 15 Authorizes Punishments to Jailers for Not Cooperating with ICE Bill Passed - House (71 - 30)
6/09 SB 100 Requires State Agencies to Track and Report the Services Received by Undocumented Immigrants to Determine the Amount of Tax Dollars Spent on Them Bill Passed - House (74 - 27)
6/09 HF 1 Repeals MinnesotaCare Eligibility for Undocumented Immigrants Age 18 or Older Bill Passed - House (68 - 65)
6/09 HR 2035 American Cargo for American Ships Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 14)
6/05 HR 2931 Save SBA from Sanctuary Cities Act Bill Passed - House (211 - 199)
6/04 SB 153 Requires State Police to Cooperate with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Authorizes Individuals to Sue Local Governments for Crimes Committed by Undocumented Immigrants Bill Passed - House (60 - 46)
6/02 AB 325 Prohibits a Person from Using or Distributing a Common Pricing Algorithm to Restrain Trade or Commerce Bill Passed - House (54 - 17)
6/02 AB 1348 Expands the List of Reasons a School May Request Average Daily Attendance Credits to Include Immigration Enforcement Actions Bill Passed - House (62 - 13)
6/01 SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Conference Report Adopted - House (89 - 52)
5/31 HB 2987 Establishes the Warehouse Tornado Preparedness Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 15)
5/31 SB 2339 Prohibits Employers from Firing an Immigrant Worker if Their Records Don't Match the Federal E-Verify System Bill Passed - House (75 - 42)
5/29 HB 2769 Amends Leadership Requirements and Duties for Positions Within the Oklahoma National Guard Veto Override Passed - House (79 - 6)
5/29 SB 17 Increases Sanctions Against Foreign Entities from Purchasing Land in Texas Conference Report Adopted - House (85 - 57)
5/27 HB 436 Prohibits Unauthorized Immigrants from Receiving General Damages Stemming from Auto Accidents Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 24)
5/27 AB 49 Prohibits School Officials From Allowing an Immigration Authority Onto a Nonpublic School Site Without a Warrant or Court Order Bill Passed - House (62 - 9)
5/24 SB 36 Establishes a Texas Homeland Security Division Bill Passed - House (83 - 36)
5/23 SB 124 Authorizes Limited Licensure of Certain Foreign Physicians Bill Passed - House (41 - 0)

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