Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
March 14, 2025 CO HB 25-1093 Extends and Expands the State's Prohibition on Anti-Growth Laws in Urban Areas Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 13)
March 14, 2025 National HR 1968 Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 46)
March 14, 2025 National PN 12-25 Nomination of Christopher Landau to be Deputy Secretary of State Cloture Invoked - Senate (63 - 32)
March 14, 2025 National PN 12-36 Nomination of John Phelan to be Secretary of the Navy Cloture Invoked - Senate (64 - 33)
March 14, 2025 National PN 12-16 Nomination of Stephen Feinberg to be Deputy Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 39)
March 13, 2025 KY SB 4 Establishes Regulations on the State's Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 4)
March 13, 2025 National PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 45)
March 13, 2025 National PN 13-12 Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43)
March 13, 2025 KY HB 160 Prohibits Local Governments from Adopting or Enforcing Zoning Regulations that Treat Manufactured Homes Differently Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 5)
March 13, 2025 KY SB 4 Establishes Regulations on the State's Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Bill Passed - House (86 - 10)
March 13, 2025 KS SB 6 Prohibits the Use of Ranked-Choice Voting Bill Passed - House (86 - 37)
March 13, 2025 KS SB 5 Prohibits Use of Funds Provided by Congress for Elections and Election-Related Activities Unless Approved by the Legislature Bill Passed - House (86 - 37)
March 13, 2025 KY HJR 15 Requires the Return of a Granite Monument Inscribed with the 10 Commandments to the Capitol Grounds for Permanent Display Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (32 - 6)
March 13, 2025 NM HJR 2 Repeals the Governor's Ability to Pocket Veto Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
March 13, 2025 NM HJR 2 Repeals the Governor's Ability to Pocket Veto Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
March 13, 2025 National PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
March 13, 2025 National PN 13-12 Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
March 13, 2025 ID H 378 Requires All Idaho Legislative Officials to Report Out-of-State Travel Costs Bill Passed - House (47 - 22)
March 13, 2025 ID H 378 Requires All Idaho Legislative Officials to Report Out-of-State Travel Costs Bill Passed - House (47 - 22)
March 13, 2025 VT S 44 Prohibits Public Agencies From Entering Into an Agreement Without Governor Authorization Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 1)
March 13, 2025 AZ SB 1089 Requires the Director of the Arizona Department of Transportation Issue a Report on Why the Lowest Bid on a Construction Project Wasn't Chosen Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
March 13, 2025 AZ SB 1510 Requires the Arizona Department of Administration to Create a List of All Full-Time Equivalent Positions that have Been Open for at least 150 Days Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 9)
March 13, 2025 AZ SB 1086 Amends Transportation Planning Statutes to Add Mobility as a Performance Factor Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
March 12, 2025 SD SB 68 Requires an Individual be a Citizen of the United States Before Being Eligible to Vote Conference Report Adopted - House (66 - 4)
March 12, 2025 SD SB 68 Requires an Individual be a Citizen of the United States Before Being Eligible to Vote Conference Report Adopted - House (66 - 4)
March 12, 2025 SD SB 68 Requires an Individual be a Citizen of the United States Before Being Eligible to Vote Conference Report Adopted - Senate (66 - 4)
March 12, 2025 SD SB 68 Requires an Individual be a Citizen of the United States Before Being Eligible to Vote Conference Report Adopted - Senate (66 - 4)
March 12, 2025 MO HB 495 Transfers State Control of the St. Louis Police Department to a Governor Appointed Board Concurrence Vote Passed - House (113 - 39)
March 12, 2025 National PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46)
March 12, 2025 National PN 12-42 Nomination of Keith Sonderling to be Deputy Secretary of Labor Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46)
March 12, 2025 KS HB 2027 Amends and Reorganizes Subsections of the Public Assistance Statute Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
March 12, 2025 National PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Cloture Invoked - Senate
March 12, 2025 National PN 12-42 Nomination of Keith Sonderling to be Deputy Secretary of Labor Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
March 12, 2025 WA SB 5263 Repeals the State Special Education Funding Cap Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 0)
March 12, 2025 KS HB 2217 Extends Scope of the Inspector General to Audit and Investigate State Assistance Programs Bill Passed - House (85 - 37)
March 12, 2025 CO SB 25-183 Defines the Right to an Abortion in the State Constitution Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 12)
March 11, 2025 WV SB 456 Defines "Men" and "Women" in State Code Concurrence Vote Passed - House (90 - 8)
March 11, 2025 SD SB 73 Requires that an Individual Registering as a Voter when Applying for a Driver's License be a Resident of this State Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 3)
March 11, 2025 SD HB 1169 Amends Requirements for Petition Signatures to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Concurrence Vote Passed - House (63 - 6)
March 11, 2025 SD HB 1169 Amends Requirements for Petition Signatures to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Concurrence Vote Passed - House (63 - 6)
March 11, 2025 SD HB 1208 Authorizes Mail-In Absentee Voting for Out of State Residents Concurrence Vote Passed - House (56 - 13)
March 11, 2025 SD HB 1259 Prohibits Unauthorized Access to Certain Multi-Occupancy Restrooms Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 9)
March 11, 2025 SD HB 1062 Amends Provisions Pertaining to the Maintenance and Publication of the Statewide Voter Registration File Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 17)
March 11, 2025 SD HB 1062 Amends Provisions Pertaining to the Maintenance and Publication of the Statewide Voter Registration File Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 17)
March 11, 2025 SD HB 1066 Requires New State Residents to Reside in the State for 30 Consecutive Days before Voting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (51 - 18)
March 11, 2025 WV SB 456 Defines "Men" and "Women" in State Code Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
March 11, 2025 National PN 13-2 Nomination of Steven Bradbury to be Deputy Secretary of Transportation Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
March 11, 2025 NE LB 34 Establishes Year-Round Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 18)
March 11, 2025 NE LB 302 Repeals Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 15)
March 11, 2025 NE LB 34 Establishes Year-Round Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 18)
March 11, 2025 NE LB 302 Repeals Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 15)
March 11, 2025 ID HJR 4 Authorizes a Ballot Proposal that Amends the State Constitution to State "Only the Legislature" May Reform State Cannabis Laws Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (29 - 6)
March 11, 2025 AR SB 209 Prohibits Signatures Gathered by Canvassers Which Violated State Law Bill Passed - House (72 - 25)
March 11, 2025 National PN 12-41 Nomination of Abigail Slater to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
March 11, 2025 National PN 13-2 Nomination of Steven Bradbury to be Deputy Secretary of Transportation Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
March 11, 2025 WV HB 2009 Authorizes Certain Executive Branch Reorganization Bill Passed - House (84 - 12)
March 11, 2025 ID H 362 Prohibits Elected State and Federal Officials from Simultaneously Serving in Elected City, School or Highway District Positions Bill Passed - House (43 - 27)
March 11, 2025 ID H 362 Prohibits Elected State and Federal Officials from Simultaneously Serving in Elected City, School or Highway District Positions Bill Passed - House (43 - 27)
March 11, 2025 MD HB 1424 Appropriates State Funding to Assist Laid-Off Federal Workers and Expands Attorney General Power to Pursue Litigation Bill Passed - House (103 - 36)
March 11, 2025 WV HB 2009 Authorizes Certain Executive Branch Reorganization Bill Passed - House (84 - 12)
March 11, 2025 WV HB 2008 Amends and Reorganizes the Department of Economic Development into the Department of Commerce Bill Passed - House (83 - 13)
March 11, 2025 National HR 1968 Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 Bill Passed - House (217 - 213)
March 11, 2025 NC SB 58 Prohibits the State Attorney General from Filling Actions or Arguing to Invalidate an Executive Order Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
March 10, 2025 National PN 11-4 Nomination of Lori Chavez-DeRemer to be Secretary of Labor Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 32)
March 10, 2025 SD HB 1066 Requires New State Residents to Reside in the State for 30 Consecutive Days before Voting Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 11)
March 10, 2025 SD HB 1208 Authorizes Mail-In Absentee Voting for Out of State Residents Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 9)
March 10, 2025 SD HB 1169 Amends Requirements for Petition Signatures to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
March 10, 2025 SD HB 1169 Amends Requirements for Petition Signatures to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
March 10, 2025 MO HB 495 Transfers State Control of the St. Louis Police Department to a Governor Appointed Board Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
March 10, 2025 SD HB 1062 Amends Provisions Pertaining to the Maintenance and Publication of the Statewide Voter Registration File Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 12)
March 10, 2025 SD HB 1062 Amends Provisions Pertaining to the Maintenance and Publication of the Statewide Voter Registration File Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 12)
March 10, 2025 SD HB 1259 Prohibits Unauthorized Access to Certain Multi-Occupancy Restrooms Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
March 10, 2025 SD HB 1184 Amends the Deadline for Filing a Petition to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
March 10, 2025 SD HB 1256 Requires Individuals to Sign Petitions Using Their Voter Registration Address Instead of Their Residency Address. Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 12)
March 10, 2025 SD HJR 5003 Authorizes Asking Voters to Increase the Approval Threshold for Constitutional Amendments from a Simple Majority to 60% Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (29 - 4)
Date No. Title Outcome
3/14 HB 25-1093 Extends and Expands the State's Prohibition on Anti-Growth Laws in Urban Areas Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 13)
3/14 HR 1968 Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 46)
3/14 PN 12-25 Nomination of Christopher Landau to be Deputy Secretary of State Cloture Invoked - Senate (63 - 32)
3/14 PN 12-36 Nomination of John Phelan to be Secretary of the Navy Cloture Invoked - Senate (64 - 33)
3/14 PN 12-16 Nomination of Stephen Feinberg to be Deputy Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 39)
3/13 SB 4 Establishes Regulations on the State's Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 4)
3/13 PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 45)
3/13 PN 13-12 Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43)
3/13 HB 160 Prohibits Local Governments from Adopting or Enforcing Zoning Regulations that Treat Manufactured Homes Differently Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 5)
3/13 SB 4 Establishes Regulations on the State's Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Bill Passed - House (86 - 10)
3/13 SB 6 Prohibits the Use of Ranked-Choice Voting Bill Passed - House (86 - 37)
3/13 SB 5 Prohibits Use of Funds Provided by Congress for Elections and Election-Related Activities Unless Approved by the Legislature Bill Passed - House (86 - 37)
3/13 HJR 15 Requires the Return of a Granite Monument Inscribed with the 10 Commandments to the Capitol Grounds for Permanent Display Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (32 - 6)
3/13 HJR 2 Repeals the Governor's Ability to Pocket Veto Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
3/13 HJR 2 Repeals the Governor's Ability to Pocket Veto Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
3/13 PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
3/13 PN 13-12 Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
3/13 H 378 Requires All Idaho Legislative Officials to Report Out-of-State Travel Costs Bill Passed - House (47 - 22)
3/13 H 378 Requires All Idaho Legislative Officials to Report Out-of-State Travel Costs Bill Passed - House (47 - 22)
3/13 S 44 Prohibits Public Agencies From Entering Into an Agreement Without Governor Authorization Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 1)
3/13 SB 1089 Requires the Director of the Arizona Department of Transportation Issue a Report on Why the Lowest Bid on a Construction Project Wasn't Chosen Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
3/13 SB 1510 Requires the Arizona Department of Administration to Create a List of All Full-Time Equivalent Positions that have Been Open for at least 150 Days Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 9)
3/13 SB 1086 Amends Transportation Planning Statutes to Add Mobility as a Performance Factor Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
3/12 SB 68 Requires an Individual be a Citizen of the United States Before Being Eligible to Vote Conference Report Adopted - House (66 - 4)
3/12 SB 68 Requires an Individual be a Citizen of the United States Before Being Eligible to Vote Conference Report Adopted - House (66 - 4)
3/12 SB 68 Requires an Individual be a Citizen of the United States Before Being Eligible to Vote Conference Report Adopted - Senate (66 - 4)
3/12 SB 68 Requires an Individual be a Citizen of the United States Before Being Eligible to Vote Conference Report Adopted - Senate (66 - 4)
3/12 HB 495 Transfers State Control of the St. Louis Police Department to a Governor Appointed Board Concurrence Vote Passed - House (113 - 39)
3/12 PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46)
3/12 PN 12-42 Nomination of Keith Sonderling to be Deputy Secretary of Labor Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46)
3/12 HB 2027 Amends and Reorganizes Subsections of the Public Assistance Statute Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
3/12 PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Cloture Invoked - Senate
3/12 PN 12-42 Nomination of Keith Sonderling to be Deputy Secretary of Labor Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
3/12 SB 5263 Repeals the State Special Education Funding Cap Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 0)
3/12 HB 2217 Extends Scope of the Inspector General to Audit and Investigate State Assistance Programs Bill Passed - House (85 - 37)
3/12 SB 25-183 Defines the Right to an Abortion in the State Constitution Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 12)
3/11 SB 456 Defines "Men" and "Women" in State Code Concurrence Vote Passed - House (90 - 8)
3/11 SB 73 Requires that an Individual Registering as a Voter when Applying for a Driver's License be a Resident of this State Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 3)
3/11 HB 1169 Amends Requirements for Petition Signatures to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Concurrence Vote Passed - House (63 - 6)
3/11 HB 1169 Amends Requirements for Petition Signatures to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Concurrence Vote Passed - House (63 - 6)
3/11 HB 1208 Authorizes Mail-In Absentee Voting for Out of State Residents Concurrence Vote Passed - House (56 - 13)
3/11 HB 1259 Prohibits Unauthorized Access to Certain Multi-Occupancy Restrooms Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 9)
3/11 HB 1062 Amends Provisions Pertaining to the Maintenance and Publication of the Statewide Voter Registration File Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 17)
3/11 HB 1062 Amends Provisions Pertaining to the Maintenance and Publication of the Statewide Voter Registration File Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 17)
3/11 HB 1066 Requires New State Residents to Reside in the State for 30 Consecutive Days before Voting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (51 - 18)
3/11 SB 456 Defines "Men" and "Women" in State Code Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
3/11 PN 13-2 Nomination of Steven Bradbury to be Deputy Secretary of Transportation Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
3/11 LB 34 Establishes Year-Round Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 18)
3/11 LB 302 Repeals Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 15)
3/11 LB 34 Establishes Year-Round Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 18)
3/11 LB 302 Repeals Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 15)
3/11 HJR 4 Authorizes a Ballot Proposal that Amends the State Constitution to State "Only the Legislature" May Reform State Cannabis Laws Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (29 - 6)
3/11 SB 209 Prohibits Signatures Gathered by Canvassers Which Violated State Law Bill Passed - House (72 - 25)
3/11 PN 12-41 Nomination of Abigail Slater to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
3/11 PN 13-2 Nomination of Steven Bradbury to be Deputy Secretary of Transportation Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
3/11 HB 2009 Authorizes Certain Executive Branch Reorganization Bill Passed - House (84 - 12)
3/11 H 362 Prohibits Elected State and Federal Officials from Simultaneously Serving in Elected City, School or Highway District Positions Bill Passed - House (43 - 27)
3/11 H 362 Prohibits Elected State and Federal Officials from Simultaneously Serving in Elected City, School or Highway District Positions Bill Passed - House (43 - 27)
3/11 HB 1424 Appropriates State Funding to Assist Laid-Off Federal Workers and Expands Attorney General Power to Pursue Litigation Bill Passed - House (103 - 36)
3/11 HB 2009 Authorizes Certain Executive Branch Reorganization Bill Passed - House (84 - 12)
3/11 HB 2008 Amends and Reorganizes the Department of Economic Development into the Department of Commerce Bill Passed - House (83 - 13)
3/11 HR 1968 Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 Bill Passed - House (217 - 213)
3/11 SB 58 Prohibits the State Attorney General from Filling Actions or Arguing to Invalidate an Executive Order Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
3/10 PN 11-4 Nomination of Lori Chavez-DeRemer to be Secretary of Labor Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 32)
3/10 HB 1066 Requires New State Residents to Reside in the State for 30 Consecutive Days before Voting Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 11)
3/10 HB 1208 Authorizes Mail-In Absentee Voting for Out of State Residents Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 9)
3/10 HB 1169 Amends Requirements for Petition Signatures to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
3/10 HB 1169 Amends Requirements for Petition Signatures to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
3/10 HB 495 Transfers State Control of the St. Louis Police Department to a Governor Appointed Board Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
3/10 HB 1062 Amends Provisions Pertaining to the Maintenance and Publication of the Statewide Voter Registration File Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 12)
3/10 HB 1062 Amends Provisions Pertaining to the Maintenance and Publication of the Statewide Voter Registration File Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 12)
3/10 HB 1259 Prohibits Unauthorized Access to Certain Multi-Occupancy Restrooms Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
3/10 HB 1184 Amends the Deadline for Filing a Petition to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
3/10 HB 1256 Requires Individuals to Sign Petitions Using Their Voter Registration Address Instead of Their Residency Address. Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 12)
3/10 HJR 5003 Authorizes Asking Voters to Increase the Approval Threshold for Constitutional Amendments from a Simple Majority to 60% Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (29 - 4)

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