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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 31, 2025 IL HB 2987 Establishes the Warehouse Tornado Preparedness Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 15)
May 30, 2025 TX SB 17 Increases Sanctions Against Foreign Entities from Purchasing Land in Texas Conference Report Adopted - Senate (23 - 8)
May 29, 2025 TX SB 17 Increases Sanctions Against Foreign Entities from Purchasing Land in Texas Conference Report Adopted - House (85 - 57)
May 29, 2025 TX HJR 7 Appropriates Billions of Dollars to Stave off a Looming Water Crisis Concurrence Vote Passed - House (122 - 2)
May 29, 2025 TX HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Concurrence Vote Passed - House (133 - 1)
May 29, 2025 TX HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Concurrence Vote Passed - House (133 - 1)
May 29, 2025 LA SB 46 Prohibits the Intentional Release of, or Dispersion of Chemicals into the Environment of Effecting Temperature State. Bill Passed - House (58 - 33)
May 29, 2025 IL HB 2987 Establishes the Warehouse Tornado Preparedness Act Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 2)
May 29, 2025 LA SB 46 Prohibits the Intentional Release of, or Dispersion of Chemicals into the Environment of Effecting Temperature State. Bill Passed - House (58 - 33)
May 29, 2025 LA SB 46 Prohibits the Intentional Release of, or Dispersion of Chemicals into the Environment of Effecting Temperature State. Bill Passed - House (58 - 33)
May 28, 2025 OK HB 2752 Prohibits Renewable Energy Companies from Using Eminent Domain in Oklahoma Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 2)
May 28, 2025 TX HB 4530 Amends Water Rights Placed in the Texas Water Trust and the Texas Water Bank Concurrence Vote Passed - House (90 - 42)
May 28, 2025 TX SB 1758 Limits the Liability of Kiln Operators Whose Activities Cause Seismic Disturbances in Texas Bill Passed - House (115 - 24)
May 28, 2025 CT SB 9 Requires Flood Risk Disclosure and Strengthens Towns Against Rising Sea Levels Bill Passed - House (115 - 33)
May 28, 2025 OH SB 152 Authorizes Wild Animal Rehabilitation Facilities to Administer Euthanasia Drugs Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
May 28, 2025 CT HB 7231 Authorizes Sunday Hunting on Private Land Bill Passed - House (101 - 45)
May 28, 2025 CT HB 7231 Authorizes Sunday Hunting on Private Land Bill Passed - House (101 - 45)
May 28, 2025 NY S 1464 Establishes Regulations Regarding Commercial Packaging and Recyclability Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 25)
May 27, 2025 OR SB 551 Prohibits All Plastic Bags at Checkout Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (22 - 8)
May 27, 2025 TX HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
May 27, 2025 TX HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
May 26, 2025 TX SB 7 Appropriates Billions of Dollars to Support Water Infrastructure and Potential Water Drought Bill Passed - House (143 - 3)
May 22, 2025 OK HB 2752 Prohibits Renewable Energy Companies from Using Eminent Domain in Oklahoma Concurrence Vote Passed - House (73 - 4)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 44)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (49 - 46)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 45)
May 22, 2025 National S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 212)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 22, 2025 NV AB 96 Requires Municipalities to Include a Heat Mitigation Plan in Their Master Plans Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
May 22, 2025 NV AB 96 Requires Municipalities to Include a Heat Mitigation Plan in Their Master Plans Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
May 22, 2025 NJ A 5733 Expands Eligibility for State Utility Assistance and Energy Efficiency Programs Bill Passed - House (58 - 18)
May 22, 2025 NJ A 5264 Requires the Establishment of an Automated Platform to Expedite Approval to Build Residential Solar Units Bill Passed - House (78 - 0)
May 22, 2025 NJ A 5442 Requires Board of Public Utilities Members to Have Certain Experience Bill Passed - House (74 - 2)
May 22, 2025 NJ A 5463 Requires Electric Public Utilities to File an Annual Report with the Board of Public Utilities Bill Passed - House (61 - 12)
May 22, 2025 NJ A 5466 Requires the Board of Public Utilities to Carry out a Study on the Effect of Electricity Usage by Data Centers on Electricity Costs in the State Bill Passed - House (75 - 2)
May 21, 2025 OK HB 2756 Requires Companies Building Transmission Lines Greater than 300 Kilovolts to Obtain Permission from the Oklahoma Corporation Commission Before Building Concurrence Vote Passed - House (85 - 4)
May 21, 2025 National H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
May 21, 2025 OR SB 551 Prohibits All Plastic Bags at Checkout Bill Passed - House (33 - 19)
May 21, 2025 TX SB 1253 Establishes Conservation and Reuse Credits Against Water and Wastewater Fees Bill Passed - House (112 - 28)
May 21, 2025 NV AB 244 Prohibits Chain Restaurants from Using Disposable Foam Containers Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 4)
May 21, 2025 NY S 187 Prohibits Products Containing Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl in New York Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 12)
May 20, 2025 ME LD 1655 Requires Municipalities to Permit Backyard Chickens on Residential Property "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (131 - 8)
May 20, 2025 ME LD 1655 Requires Municipalities to Permit Backyard Chickens on Residential Property "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (131 - 8)
May 15, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 15, 2025 CT SB 9 Requires Flood Risk Disclosure and Strengthens Towns Against Rising Sea Levels Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
May 15, 2025 WI SB 56 Authorizes Private Water Utilities to Access Federal Funds for Loan Forgiveness for the Replacement of Lead Service Lines Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 16)
May 15, 2025 WI SB 125 Requires the Public Service Commission to Conduct a Study to Determine Potential Sites for a Nuclear Power Plant Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
May 14, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
May 14, 2025 National HR 2215 Salem Maritime National Historical Park Redesignation and Boundary Study Act Bill Passed - House (382 - 31)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/31 HB 2987 Establishes the Warehouse Tornado Preparedness Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 15)
5/30 SB 17 Increases Sanctions Against Foreign Entities from Purchasing Land in Texas Conference Report Adopted - Senate (23 - 8)
5/29 SB 17 Increases Sanctions Against Foreign Entities from Purchasing Land in Texas Conference Report Adopted - House (85 - 57)
5/29 HJR 7 Appropriates Billions of Dollars to Stave off a Looming Water Crisis Concurrence Vote Passed - House (122 - 2)
5/29 HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Concurrence Vote Passed - House (133 - 1)
5/29 HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Concurrence Vote Passed - House (133 - 1)
5/29 SB 46 Prohibits the Intentional Release of, or Dispersion of Chemicals into the Environment of Effecting Temperature State. Bill Passed - House (58 - 33)
5/29 HB 2987 Establishes the Warehouse Tornado Preparedness Act Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 2)
5/29 SB 46 Prohibits the Intentional Release of, or Dispersion of Chemicals into the Environment of Effecting Temperature State. Bill Passed - House (58 - 33)
5/29 SB 46 Prohibits the Intentional Release of, or Dispersion of Chemicals into the Environment of Effecting Temperature State. Bill Passed - House (58 - 33)
5/28 HB 2752 Prohibits Renewable Energy Companies from Using Eminent Domain in Oklahoma Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 2)
5/28 HB 4530 Amends Water Rights Placed in the Texas Water Trust and the Texas Water Bank Concurrence Vote Passed - House (90 - 42)
5/28 SB 1758 Limits the Liability of Kiln Operators Whose Activities Cause Seismic Disturbances in Texas Bill Passed - House (115 - 24)
5/28 SB 9 Requires Flood Risk Disclosure and Strengthens Towns Against Rising Sea Levels Bill Passed - House (115 - 33)
5/28 SB 152 Authorizes Wild Animal Rehabilitation Facilities to Administer Euthanasia Drugs Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
5/28 HB 7231 Authorizes Sunday Hunting on Private Land Bill Passed - House (101 - 45)
5/28 HB 7231 Authorizes Sunday Hunting on Private Land Bill Passed - House (101 - 45)
5/28 S 1464 Establishes Regulations Regarding Commercial Packaging and Recyclability Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 25)
5/27 SB 551 Prohibits All Plastic Bags at Checkout Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (22 - 8)
5/27 HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
5/27 HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
5/26 SB 7 Appropriates Billions of Dollars to Support Water Infrastructure and Potential Water Drought Bill Passed - House (143 - 3)
5/22 HB 2752 Prohibits Renewable Energy Companies from Using Eminent Domain in Oklahoma Concurrence Vote Passed - House (73 - 4)
5/22 H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 44)
5/22 H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (49 - 46)
5/22 H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 45)
5/22 S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 212)
5/22 H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/22 H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/22 AB 96 Requires Municipalities to Include a Heat Mitigation Plan in Their Master Plans Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
5/22 AB 96 Requires Municipalities to Include a Heat Mitigation Plan in Their Master Plans Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
5/22 A 5733 Expands Eligibility for State Utility Assistance and Energy Efficiency Programs Bill Passed - House (58 - 18)
5/22 A 5264 Requires the Establishment of an Automated Platform to Expedite Approval to Build Residential Solar Units Bill Passed - House (78 - 0)
5/22 A 5442 Requires Board of Public Utilities Members to Have Certain Experience Bill Passed - House (74 - 2)
5/22 A 5463 Requires Electric Public Utilities to File an Annual Report with the Board of Public Utilities Bill Passed - House (61 - 12)
5/22 A 5466 Requires the Board of Public Utilities to Carry out a Study on the Effect of Electricity Usage by Data Centers on Electricity Costs in the State Bill Passed - House (75 - 2)
5/21 HB 2756 Requires Companies Building Transmission Lines Greater than 300 Kilovolts to Obtain Permission from the Oklahoma Corporation Commission Before Building Concurrence Vote Passed - House (85 - 4)
5/21 H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
5/21 SB 551 Prohibits All Plastic Bags at Checkout Bill Passed - House (33 - 19)
5/21 SB 1253 Establishes Conservation and Reuse Credits Against Water and Wastewater Fees Bill Passed - House (112 - 28)
5/21 AB 244 Prohibits Chain Restaurants from Using Disposable Foam Containers Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 4)
5/21 S 187 Prohibits Products Containing Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl in New York Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 12)
5/20 LD 1655 Requires Municipalities to Permit Backyard Chickens on Residential Property "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (131 - 8)
5/20 LD 1655 Requires Municipalities to Permit Backyard Chickens on Residential Property "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (131 - 8)
5/15 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/15 SB 9 Requires Flood Risk Disclosure and Strengthens Towns Against Rising Sea Levels Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
5/15 SB 56 Authorizes Private Water Utilities to Access Federal Funds for Loan Forgiveness for the Replacement of Lead Service Lines Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 16)
5/15 SB 125 Requires the Public Service Commission to Conduct a Study to Determine Potential Sites for a Nuclear Power Plant Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
5/14 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
5/14 HR 2215 Salem Maritime National Historical Park Redesignation and Boundary Study Act Bill Passed - House (382 - 31)
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