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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 27, 2025 OR SB 551 Prohibits All Plastic Bags at Checkout Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (22 - 8)
May 27, 2025 TX HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (49 - 46)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 44)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 45)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 22, 2025 NV AB 96 Requires Municipalities to Include a Heat Mitigation Plan in Their Master Plans Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
May 21, 2025 National H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
May 21, 2025 NV AB 244 Prohibits Chain Restaurants from Using Disposable Foam Containers Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 4)
May 21, 2025 NY S 187 Prohibits Products Containing Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl in New York Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 12)
May 15, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 15, 2025 CT SB 9 Requires Flood Risk Disclosure and Strengthens Towns Against Rising Sea Levels Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
May 14, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
May 8, 2025 National H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 43)
May 6, 2025 CO SB 25-299 Requires that Companies Selling Residential Solar-Power Systems Disclose the Terms of Financing Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
May 6, 2025 National H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
May 5, 2025 National H J Res 61 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 43)
May 2, 2025 ND HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 19)
May 2, 2025 HI SB 1396 Establishes a "Green-Fee" Tax on Tourists to Support the Climate Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 2)
May 1, 2025 National S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
May 1, 2025 NE LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
April 30, 2025 HI SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 5)
April 30, 2025 FL HB 209 Establishes State Park Protections from Development of Pickle Ball Courts and Hotels Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
April 30, 2025 National S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 40)
April 29, 2025 ME LD 837 Requires Positions Taken by the Public Advocate to be Consistent with the Cost-Effective Implementation of the State's Climate Goals "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (18 - 15)
April 24, 2025 WA SB 5390 Increases the Discover Pass Price from $30 to $45 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (27 - 21)
April 23, 2025 WA SB 5284 Reduces Waste Going into Landfills and Creates a Uniform State Recycling System Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (27 - 21)
April 22, 2025 OR SB 83 Repeals a Map Which Identified Parts of Oregon as High Risk for Catastrophic Wildfires Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 0)
April 16, 2025 AR SB 290 Establishes a Permit Moratorium for Hog Farms in the Buffalo River Watershed Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
April 16, 2025 AZ HB 2572 Establishes New Provisions for Irrigation Grandfathered Rights Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
April 15, 2025 AZ SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
April 15, 2025 WA HB 1975 Amends the Climate Commitment Act by Adjusting Auction Price Containment Mechanisms and Ceiling Prices Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 3)
April 15, 2025 AR HB 1683 Prohibits the Procurement by a Governmental Entity of an Electric Vehicle or a Component that was Manufactured Using Forced Labor Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 9)
April 15, 2025 TX SB 1758 Limits the Liability of Kiln Operators Whose Activities Cause Seismic Disturbances in Texas Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 4)
April 10, 2025 National H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
April 9, 2025 National H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
April 9, 2025 AZ HB 2203 Amends Current Groundwater Statutes in Arizona Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
April 9, 2025 AR HB 1656 Amends State Law Regarding Oil and Gas Production and Conservation Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
April 4, 2025 CO HB 25-1113 Prohibits Local Governments from Allowing Nonfunctional Turf from being Installed as part of a New or Redeveloped Multifamily Residential Property Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
April 4, 2025 CO HB 25-1182 Requires Home Insurance Companies to Take into Account Wildfire Mitigation Work Done by Homeowners and Communities when Calculating a Property's Risk Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
April 3, 2025 FL SB 56 Prohibits Geo-Engineering and Weather Modification Activities Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
March 27, 2025 KY HB 346 Exempts Emergency Stationary Internal Combustion Engines" from the State's Assessed Emissions and Air Pollution Fees Veto Override Passed - Senate (32 - 6)
March 27, 2025 KY SB 89 Limits State Protections to Navigable Waters Veto Override Passed - Senate (29 - 8)
March 21, 2025 NM HB 137 Establishes the Strategic Water Supply Act Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 6)
March 20, 2025 NM HB 212 Establishes the Per- and Poly-Flouroalkyl Protection Act Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 3)
March 20, 2025 NM HB 140 Defines Hazardous Waste as any Solid Waste or Combination of Solid Wastes that may Cause or Significantly Contribute to an Increase in Mortality or Illness Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 7)
March 19, 2025 KS HB 2107 Establishes a Process for State Residents to Recover Economic Damages from Wildfires and Other Fire-Related Events Caused by Electric Public Utilities Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 2)
March 14, 2025 CO HB 25-1040 Defines Nuclear Energy as a Clean Energy Resource Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 5)
March 13, 2025 KY SB 89 Limits State Protections to Navigable Waters Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 7)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/27 SB 551 Prohibits All Plastic Bags at Checkout Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (22 - 8)
5/27 HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
5/22 H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (49 - 46)
5/22 H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 44)
5/22 H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 45)
5/22 H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/22 H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/22 AB 96 Requires Municipalities to Include a Heat Mitigation Plan in Their Master Plans Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
5/21 H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
5/21 AB 244 Prohibits Chain Restaurants from Using Disposable Foam Containers Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 4)
5/21 S 187 Prohibits Products Containing Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl in New York Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 12)
5/15 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/15 SB 9 Requires Flood Risk Disclosure and Strengthens Towns Against Rising Sea Levels Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
5/14 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
5/08 H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 43)
5/06 SB 25-299 Requires that Companies Selling Residential Solar-Power Systems Disclose the Terms of Financing Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
5/06 H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
5/05 H J Res 61 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 43)
5/02 HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 19)
5/02 SB 1396 Establishes a "Green-Fee" Tax on Tourists to Support the Climate Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 2)
5/01 S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
5/01 LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
4/30 SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 5)
4/30 HB 209 Establishes State Park Protections from Development of Pickle Ball Courts and Hotels Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
4/30 S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 40)
4/29 LD 837 Requires Positions Taken by the Public Advocate to be Consistent with the Cost-Effective Implementation of the State's Climate Goals "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (18 - 15)
4/24 SB 5390 Increases the Discover Pass Price from $30 to $45 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (27 - 21)
4/23 SB 5284 Reduces Waste Going into Landfills and Creates a Uniform State Recycling System Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (27 - 21)
4/22 SB 83 Repeals a Map Which Identified Parts of Oregon as High Risk for Catastrophic Wildfires Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 0)
4/16 SB 290 Establishes a Permit Moratorium for Hog Farms in the Buffalo River Watershed Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
4/16 HB 2572 Establishes New Provisions for Irrigation Grandfathered Rights Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
4/15 SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
4/15 HB 1975 Amends the Climate Commitment Act by Adjusting Auction Price Containment Mechanisms and Ceiling Prices Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 3)
4/15 HB 1683 Prohibits the Procurement by a Governmental Entity of an Electric Vehicle or a Component that was Manufactured Using Forced Labor Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 9)
4/15 SB 1758 Limits the Liability of Kiln Operators Whose Activities Cause Seismic Disturbances in Texas Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 4)
4/10 H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
4/09 H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
4/09 HB 2203 Amends Current Groundwater Statutes in Arizona Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
4/09 HB 1656 Amends State Law Regarding Oil and Gas Production and Conservation Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
4/04 HB 25-1113 Prohibits Local Governments from Allowing Nonfunctional Turf from being Installed as part of a New or Redeveloped Multifamily Residential Property Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
4/04 HB 25-1182 Requires Home Insurance Companies to Take into Account Wildfire Mitigation Work Done by Homeowners and Communities when Calculating a Property's Risk Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
4/03 SB 56 Prohibits Geo-Engineering and Weather Modification Activities Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
3/27 HB 346 Exempts Emergency Stationary Internal Combustion Engines" from the State's Assessed Emissions and Air Pollution Fees Veto Override Passed - Senate (32 - 6)
3/27 SB 89 Limits State Protections to Navigable Waters Veto Override Passed - Senate (29 - 8)
3/21 HB 137 Establishes the Strategic Water Supply Act Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 6)
3/20 HB 212 Establishes the Per- and Poly-Flouroalkyl Protection Act Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 3)
3/20 HB 140 Defines Hazardous Waste as any Solid Waste or Combination of Solid Wastes that may Cause or Significantly Contribute to an Increase in Mortality or Illness Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 7)
3/19 HB 2107 Establishes a Process for State Residents to Recover Economic Damages from Wildfires and Other Fire-Related Events Caused by Electric Public Utilities Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 2)
3/14 HB 25-1040 Defines Nuclear Energy as a Clean Energy Resource Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 5)
3/13 SB 89 Limits State Protections to Navigable Waters Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 7)
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