Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
April 15, 2025 AZ SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
April 15, 2025 AZ SB 1543 Authorizes Axon to Build a Headquarters in Scottsdale Arizona Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
April 15, 2025 IN SB 1 Establishes a State Property Tax Relief Plan Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (27 - 22)
April 15, 2025 AR SB 352 Prohibits Antisemitic Discrimination in Schools Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 3)
April 15, 2025 MT HB 267 Increases Criminal Penalties for DUIs that Result in Death Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 4)
April 15, 2025 IN HB 1461 Authorizes the State to Charge Tolls on All Indiana Interstate Highways Including I-80/94 and I-65 Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 10)
April 15, 2025 IN HB 1461 Authorizes the State to Charge Tolls on All Indiana Interstate Highways Including I-80/94 and I-65 Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 10)
April 15, 2025 WA HB 1596 Requires the Installation of Devices to Limit Vehicle Speeds for Drivers with Histories of Speeding Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 8)
April 15, 2025 WA HB 1491 Requires the Promotion of Transit-Oriented Housing Developments Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 18)
April 15, 2025 WA HB 1491 Requires the Promotion of Transit-Oriented Housing Developments Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 18)
April 15, 2025 IN HB 1002 Amends Various Student and Teacher Protections and Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 18)
April 15, 2025 OR SB 315 Requires the Department of Education to Review Make Recommendations and Develop Best Practices for Dealing with Student Absences Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 3)
April 15, 2025 TX SB 1758 Limits the Liability of Kiln Operators Whose Activities Cause Seismic Disturbances in Texas Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 4)
April 15, 2025 AK SB 39 Prohibits Payday Loans and Restricts Loans to a Maximum 36% Annual Percentage Rate Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 6)
April 14, 2025 ND HB 1318 Increases the Standard for Proving Liability for Lawsuits Involving Pesticides Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 18)
April 14, 2025 IA HF 516 Requires 80% of Students Admitted to the University of Iowa's Medical and Dentistry Colleges to be Iowa Residents Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 11)
April 14, 2025 WA HB 1096 Authorizes Housing Options Through Lot Splitting Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 4)
April 14, 2025 IA HF 645 Authorizes Immunity to Race Tracks Against Nuisance Claims Brought by Surrounding Property Owners Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 0)
April 14, 2025 MT HB 442 Repeals the Mandate to Automatically Report Medical Malpractice Cases and Insurance Payouts to the State Licensure Board Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 18)
April 14, 2025 IA SF 369 Requires High School Students to Pass a Civics Test Identical to the U.S. Citizenship Test to Graduate Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 7)
April 12, 2025 WV HB 2014 Establishes the Certified Industrial Business Expansion Microgrid Development Program and the High-Impact Data Center Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
April 12, 2025 WV SB 154 Prohibits Sexual Orientation Instruction in Schools Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
April 11, 2025 KS HB 2289 Reduces the Low Income Housing Tax Credit Amount to $0 by 2028 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (33 - 7)
April 11, 2025 KS SB 98 Exempts Qualified Data Centers From Sales Taxes and Sets Eligibility Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (26 - 8)
April 11, 2025 National PN 27 Nomination of Lt. Gen. John D. Caine to be Major General in the Regular Air Force Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 26)
April 11, 2025 National PN 28 Nomination of Lt. Gen. John D. Caine to be General and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Nomination Confirmed - Senate (60 - 25)
April 11, 2025 MT HB 400 Prohibits Discipline Against Students who Refuse to Use Peers' Preferred Names or Pronouns Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 20)
April 11, 2025 WA HB 1296 Requires the State to Promote a Safe and Supportive Public Education System Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
April 11, 2025 AK HB 69 Authorizes Open Enrollment for Students in Alaska Bill Passed - Senate (11 - 9)
April 11, 2025 AR HB 1252 Establishes the Certified Community-Based Doula Certification Act Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
April 11, 2025 National PN 28 Nomination of Lt. Gen. John D. Caine to be General and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 25)
April 11, 2025 National PN 27 Nomination of Lt. Gen. John D. Caine to be Major General in the Regular Air Force Cloture Invoked - Senate (59 - 25)
April 11, 2025 NE LB 383 Requires Age Verification for Social Media Accounts Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 2)
April 10, 2025 KS HB 2382 Requires School Districts Show a Video of a Developing Fetus to Students at Any Grade Level During a Course that Deals with Human Growth, Development and Sexuality Veto Override Passed - Senate (31 - 9)
April 10, 2025 National H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
April 10, 2025 WV HB 2402 Requires a Parent/Guardian, Foster Parent or Kinship Placement Have Access to Their Child's Medical Records Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 2)
April 10, 2025 WV HB 2755 Authorizes West Virginia Board of Education to Submit Rules to the Legislature for Review Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
April 10, 2025 WV HB 2402 Requires a Parent/Guardian, Foster Parent or Kinship Placement Have Access to Their Child's Medical Records Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 2)
April 10, 2025 HI HB 1194 Establishes Licensing Requirements for Certified Midwives Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 4)
April 10, 2025 WA HB 1217 Limits Rent Increases to 7% Over the Next Year Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 20)
April 10, 2025 IL SB 2111 Authorizes Cyclist to Yield at Stop Signs Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 4)
April 10, 2025 IL SB 2285 Defines Low-Speed Electric Bikes and Human-Powered E-Bikes as Bicycles Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 11)
April 10, 2025 IL SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 17)
April 10, 2025 TX SB 38 Authorizes Expedited Evictions by Removing Hearing Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 8)
April 10, 2025 AR SB 640 Authorizes State Library Board Overhaul Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 4)
April 9, 2025 National PN 12-18 Nomination of Paul Atkins to be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
April 9, 2025 National H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
April 9, 2025 AZ HB 2111 Authorizes for the Creation of License Plates for the 988 Suicide Awareness Lifeline, the America250 Celebration, the Hopi Tribe and Kidney Disease Awareness. Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 3)
April 9, 2025 AR HB 1866 Requires All Public Schools to Install an Audio Recording Device in Locker Rooms and Dressing Rooms of Public-School Campuses Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 5)
April 9, 2025 AZ HB 2449 Establishes New Enrollment Verification Requirements and Presumptive Eligibility Determinations for Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS) Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
Date No. Title Outcome
4/15 SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
4/15 SB 1543 Authorizes Axon to Build a Headquarters in Scottsdale Arizona Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
4/15 SB 1 Establishes a State Property Tax Relief Plan Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (27 - 22)
4/15 SB 352 Prohibits Antisemitic Discrimination in Schools Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 3)
4/15 HB 267 Increases Criminal Penalties for DUIs that Result in Death Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 4)
4/15 HB 1461 Authorizes the State to Charge Tolls on All Indiana Interstate Highways Including I-80/94 and I-65 Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 10)
4/15 HB 1461 Authorizes the State to Charge Tolls on All Indiana Interstate Highways Including I-80/94 and I-65 Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 10)
4/15 HB 1596 Requires the Installation of Devices to Limit Vehicle Speeds for Drivers with Histories of Speeding Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 8)
4/15 HB 1491 Requires the Promotion of Transit-Oriented Housing Developments Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 18)
4/15 HB 1491 Requires the Promotion of Transit-Oriented Housing Developments Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 18)
4/15 HB 1002 Amends Various Student and Teacher Protections and Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 18)
4/15 SB 315 Requires the Department of Education to Review Make Recommendations and Develop Best Practices for Dealing with Student Absences Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 3)
4/15 SB 1758 Limits the Liability of Kiln Operators Whose Activities Cause Seismic Disturbances in Texas Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 4)
4/15 SB 39 Prohibits Payday Loans and Restricts Loans to a Maximum 36% Annual Percentage Rate Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 6)
4/14 HB 1318 Increases the Standard for Proving Liability for Lawsuits Involving Pesticides Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 18)
4/14 HF 516 Requires 80% of Students Admitted to the University of Iowa's Medical and Dentistry Colleges to be Iowa Residents Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 11)
4/14 HB 1096 Authorizes Housing Options Through Lot Splitting Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 4)
4/14 HF 645 Authorizes Immunity to Race Tracks Against Nuisance Claims Brought by Surrounding Property Owners Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 0)
4/14 HB 442 Repeals the Mandate to Automatically Report Medical Malpractice Cases and Insurance Payouts to the State Licensure Board Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 18)
4/14 SF 369 Requires High School Students to Pass a Civics Test Identical to the U.S. Citizenship Test to Graduate Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 7)
4/12 HB 2014 Establishes the Certified Industrial Business Expansion Microgrid Development Program and the High-Impact Data Center Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
4/12 SB 154 Prohibits Sexual Orientation Instruction in Schools Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
4/11 HB 2289 Reduces the Low Income Housing Tax Credit Amount to $0 by 2028 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (33 - 7)
4/11 SB 98 Exempts Qualified Data Centers From Sales Taxes and Sets Eligibility Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (26 - 8)
4/11 PN 27 Nomination of Lt. Gen. John D. Caine to be Major General in the Regular Air Force Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 26)
4/11 PN 28 Nomination of Lt. Gen. John D. Caine to be General and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Nomination Confirmed - Senate (60 - 25)
4/11 HB 400 Prohibits Discipline Against Students who Refuse to Use Peers' Preferred Names or Pronouns Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 20)
4/11 HB 1296 Requires the State to Promote a Safe and Supportive Public Education System Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
4/11 HB 69 Authorizes Open Enrollment for Students in Alaska Bill Passed - Senate (11 - 9)
4/11 HB 1252 Establishes the Certified Community-Based Doula Certification Act Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
4/11 PN 28 Nomination of Lt. Gen. John D. Caine to be General and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 25)
4/11 PN 27 Nomination of Lt. Gen. John D. Caine to be Major General in the Regular Air Force Cloture Invoked - Senate (59 - 25)
4/11 LB 383 Requires Age Verification for Social Media Accounts Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 2)
4/10 HB 2382 Requires School Districts Show a Video of a Developing Fetus to Students at Any Grade Level During a Course that Deals with Human Growth, Development and Sexuality Veto Override Passed - Senate (31 - 9)
4/10 H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
4/10 HB 2402 Requires a Parent/Guardian, Foster Parent or Kinship Placement Have Access to Their Child's Medical Records Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 2)
4/10 HB 2755 Authorizes West Virginia Board of Education to Submit Rules to the Legislature for Review Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
4/10 HB 2402 Requires a Parent/Guardian, Foster Parent or Kinship Placement Have Access to Their Child's Medical Records Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 2)
4/10 HB 1194 Establishes Licensing Requirements for Certified Midwives Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 4)
4/10 HB 1217 Limits Rent Increases to 7% Over the Next Year Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 20)
4/10 SB 2111 Authorizes Cyclist to Yield at Stop Signs Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 4)
4/10 SB 2285 Defines Low-Speed Electric Bikes and Human-Powered E-Bikes as Bicycles Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 11)
4/10 SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 17)
4/10 SB 38 Authorizes Expedited Evictions by Removing Hearing Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 8)
4/10 SB 640 Authorizes State Library Board Overhaul Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 4)
4/09 PN 12-18 Nomination of Paul Atkins to be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
4/09 H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
4/09 HB 2111 Authorizes for the Creation of License Plates for the 988 Suicide Awareness Lifeline, the America250 Celebration, the Hopi Tribe and Kidney Disease Awareness. Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 3)
4/09 HB 1866 Requires All Public Schools to Install an Audio Recording Device in Locker Rooms and Dressing Rooms of Public-School Campuses Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 5)
4/09 HB 2449 Establishes New Enrollment Verification Requirements and Presumptive Eligibility Determinations for Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS) Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 13)

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