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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
June 24, 2026 NC SB 558 Prohibits the Promotion of "Divisive Concepts" and DEI at State Universities Veto Override Passed - House (71 - 47)
June 24, 2026 National S J Res 196 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Reimagining and Improving Student Education-Federal Student Loan Program Final Regulations" Motion Rejected - Senate (45 - 52)
June 10, 2026 National HR 7892 No Aid for Ghost Students Act of 2026 Bill Passed - House (249 - 172)
May 3, 2026 IA SF 2453 Requires Public Universities to Invest at Least 1% of their Endowment Assets in Innovation Funds Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (39 - 5)
April 22, 2026 PA SB 1293 Requires Institutions of Higher Education to Designate Sports as Male or Female Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 17)
April 15, 2026 LA SB 105 Repeals Certain Requirements for Veterans to Access TOPS-Tech Funding Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
April 14, 2026 KY HB 490 Authorizes University Boards of Regents to Dismiss Faculty for Financial Reasons Veto Override Passed - Senate (32 - 6)
April 14, 2026 KY HB 490 Authorizes University Boards of Regents to Dismiss Faculty for Financial Reasons Veto Override Passed - House (80 - 19)
April 9, 2026 KS HB 2333 Establishes Protections for Political Speech on College Campuses Veto Override Passed - Senate (29 - 11)
April 9, 2026 KS HB 2333 Establishes Protections for Political Speech on College Campuses Veto Override Passed - House (85 - 38)
April 1, 2026 KY HB 490 Authorizes University Boards of Regents to Dismiss Faculty for Financial Reasons Concurrence Vote Passed - House (75 - 18)
March 31, 2026 IA SF 2453 Requires Public Universities to Invest at Least 1% of their Endowment Assets in Innovation Funds Bill Passed - House (55 - 37)
March 31, 2026 AL HB 580 Expands the Power of Governing Boards Over Faculty at Four Year Institutions Bill Passed - House (101 - 0)
March 30, 2026 LA SB 289 Expands Exemptions From Public Records Laws for Universities Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 2)
March 27, 2026 KY HB 490 Authorizes University Boards of Regents to Dismiss Faculty for Financial Reasons Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
March 23, 2026 TN HB 2194 Requires University Boards of Regents to Distinguish Between Tenure Decisions and Disciplinary Actions for Faculty Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 5)
March 16, 2026 OK SB 710 Authorizes Additional TeachForwardOK Grant Award Recipients Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 0)
March 14, 2026 VA HB 1377 Establishes a Task Force to Examine Higher Education at the Virginia Military Institute Conference Report Adopted - Senate (21 - 18)
March 14, 2026 VA HB 1377 Establishes a Task Force to Examine Higher Education at the Virginia Military Institute Conference Report Adopted - House (66 - 29)
March 14, 2026 WV SB 502 Authorizes Colleges with Women's Sports to Establish a Women's Athletics Endowment Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (34 - 0)
March 9, 2026 TN HB 2194 Requires University Boards of Regents to Distinguish Between Tenure Decisions and Disciplinary Actions for Faculty Bill Passed - House (70 - 21)
March 6, 2026 UT HB 84 Authorizes Concealed Carry of a Firearm at Institutions of Higher Education Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 8)
March 6, 2026 UT HB 84 Authorizes Concealed Carry of a Firearm at Institutions of Higher Education Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 5)
March 4, 2026 National HR 6472 Territorial Student Access to Higher Education Act Bill Passed - House (351 - 72)
March 3, 2026 IA HF 2513 Prohibits Public Universities From Hiring Certain Visa Holders Bill Passed - House (68 - 27)
Feb. 24, 2026 IA HF 2242 Prohibits State Universities From Raising Tuition for In-State Undergraduates Through 2031 Bill Passed - House (86 - 5)
Feb. 17, 2026 VA HB 1385 Amends Regulations on the Appointment of Members of the Virginia Commission on Higher Education Board Bill Passed - House (62 - 35)
Feb. 17, 2026 KY HB 490 Authorizes University Boards of Regents to Dismiss Faculty for Financial Reasons Bill Passed - House (72 - 21)
Feb. 16, 2026 VA SB 272 Prohibits the Possession of a Firearm in Certain Public Buildings Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
Feb. 11, 2026 WI AB 102 Prohibits Transgender Girls from Playing on Female Sports Teams at Any Institution of Higher Education Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 15)
Feb. 9, 2026 VA SB 272 Prohibits the Possession of a Firearm in Certain Public Buildings Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
Feb. 5, 2026 VA HB 626 Limits Exemptions from Firearm Bans on College Campuses Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
Jan. 27, 2026 National S 3627 Pregnant Students' Rights Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 45)
Jan. 27, 2026 WV HB 4002 Establishes the West Virginia Collaboratory to Study State Policy Needs Bill Passed - House (76 - 12)
Jan. 22, 2026 National HR 6359 Pregnant Students' Rights Act Bill Passed - House (217 - 211)
Nov. 19, 2025 OH HB 184 Establishes Limitations on Intercollegiate Athlete Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) Contracts and Amends Appropriations and Regulations for the State Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (83 - 5)
Nov. 19, 2025 OH HB 184 Establishes Limitations on Intercollegiate Athlete Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) Contracts and Amends Appropriations and Regulations for the State Budget Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
Nov. 19, 2025 OH HB 486 Authorizes Public Schools and Universities to Teach the Impacts of Judeo-Christian Religion on American History Bill Passed - House (62 - 27)
Nov. 18, 2025 WI SB 498 Expands State Requirements Relating to Freedom of Speech at University of Wisconsin System Institutions and Establishes Penalties Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 16)
Oct. 14, 2025 WI SB 182 Requires the Technical College System Board to Provide Grants to Technical Colleges That Provide Emergency Medical Services Courses for Initial Licensure Bill Passed - House (90 - 6)
Sept. 17, 2025 MI HB 4282 Authorizes the Liquor Control Commission to Issue a Liquor License to Schoolcraft College Bill Passed - House (89 - 8)
Sept. 10, 2025 CA AB 648 Exempts Community College Housing from Local Zoning Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - House (61 - 8)
Sept. 10, 2025 CA SB 640 Establishes a Direct Admission Program for In-State High School Students to be Admitted to a Designated California State University Campus Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 0)
Sept. 9, 2025 CA AB 1400 Authorizes Select Community Colleges to Offer Baccalaureate Degree Programs in Nursing Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
Sept. 9, 2025 CA SB 640 Establishes a Direct Admission Program for In-State High School Students to be Admitted to a Designated California State University Campus Bill Passed - House (80 - 0)
Sept. 8, 2025 CA AB 648 Exempts Community College Housing from Local Zoning Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
Sept. 4, 2025 MI HB 4024 Require Public Education Institutions in Michigan to Ensure Student Privacy from Students of the Opposite Sex in Multiple-Occupancy Restrooms, Changing Areas, and Similar Facilities Bill Passed - House (58 - 46)
Sept. 2, 2025 CA SB 98 Requires School Districts and Certain Universities to Notify Students, Faculty, and Other Campus Members When Federal Immigration Enforcement is Present Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
Sept. 2, 2025 CA SB 98 Requires School Districts and Certain Universities to Notify Students, Faculty, and Other Campus Members When Federal Immigration Enforcement is Present Bill Passed - House (59 - 10)
July 29, 2025 NC SB 558 Prohibits the Promotion of "Divisive Concepts" and DEI at State Universities Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
Date No. Title Outcome
6/24 SB 558 Prohibits the Promotion of "Divisive Concepts" and DEI at State Universities Veto Override Passed - House (71 - 47)
6/24 S J Res 196 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Reimagining and Improving Student Education-Federal Student Loan Program Final Regulations" Motion Rejected - Senate (45 - 52)
6/10 HR 7892 No Aid for Ghost Students Act of 2026 Bill Passed - House (249 - 172)
5/03 SF 2453 Requires Public Universities to Invest at Least 1% of their Endowment Assets in Innovation Funds Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (39 - 5)
4/22 SB 1293 Requires Institutions of Higher Education to Designate Sports as Male or Female Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 17)
4/15 SB 105 Repeals Certain Requirements for Veterans to Access TOPS-Tech Funding Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
4/14 HB 490 Authorizes University Boards of Regents to Dismiss Faculty for Financial Reasons Veto Override Passed - Senate (32 - 6)
4/14 HB 490 Authorizes University Boards of Regents to Dismiss Faculty for Financial Reasons Veto Override Passed - House (80 - 19)
4/09 HB 2333 Establishes Protections for Political Speech on College Campuses Veto Override Passed - Senate (29 - 11)
4/09 HB 2333 Establishes Protections for Political Speech on College Campuses Veto Override Passed - House (85 - 38)
4/01 HB 490 Authorizes University Boards of Regents to Dismiss Faculty for Financial Reasons Concurrence Vote Passed - House (75 - 18)
3/31 SF 2453 Requires Public Universities to Invest at Least 1% of their Endowment Assets in Innovation Funds Bill Passed - House (55 - 37)
3/31 HB 580 Expands the Power of Governing Boards Over Faculty at Four Year Institutions Bill Passed - House (101 - 0)
3/30 SB 289 Expands Exemptions From Public Records Laws for Universities Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 2)
3/27 HB 490 Authorizes University Boards of Regents to Dismiss Faculty for Financial Reasons Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
3/23 HB 2194 Requires University Boards of Regents to Distinguish Between Tenure Decisions and Disciplinary Actions for Faculty Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 5)
3/16 SB 710 Authorizes Additional TeachForwardOK Grant Award Recipients Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 0)
3/14 HB 1377 Establishes a Task Force to Examine Higher Education at the Virginia Military Institute Conference Report Adopted - Senate (21 - 18)
3/14 HB 1377 Establishes a Task Force to Examine Higher Education at the Virginia Military Institute Conference Report Adopted - House (66 - 29)
3/14 SB 502 Authorizes Colleges with Women's Sports to Establish a Women's Athletics Endowment Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (34 - 0)
3/09 HB 2194 Requires University Boards of Regents to Distinguish Between Tenure Decisions and Disciplinary Actions for Faculty Bill Passed - House (70 - 21)
3/06 HB 84 Authorizes Concealed Carry of a Firearm at Institutions of Higher Education Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 8)
3/06 HB 84 Authorizes Concealed Carry of a Firearm at Institutions of Higher Education Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 5)
3/04 HR 6472 Territorial Student Access to Higher Education Act Bill Passed - House (351 - 72)
3/03 HF 2513 Prohibits Public Universities From Hiring Certain Visa Holders Bill Passed - House (68 - 27)
2/24 HF 2242 Prohibits State Universities From Raising Tuition for In-State Undergraduates Through 2031 Bill Passed - House (86 - 5)
2/17 HB 1385 Amends Regulations on the Appointment of Members of the Virginia Commission on Higher Education Board Bill Passed - House (62 - 35)
2/17 HB 490 Authorizes University Boards of Regents to Dismiss Faculty for Financial Reasons Bill Passed - House (72 - 21)
2/16 SB 272 Prohibits the Possession of a Firearm in Certain Public Buildings Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
2/11 AB 102 Prohibits Transgender Girls from Playing on Female Sports Teams at Any Institution of Higher Education Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 15)
2/09 SB 272 Prohibits the Possession of a Firearm in Certain Public Buildings Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
2/05 HB 626 Limits Exemptions from Firearm Bans on College Campuses Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
1/27 S 3627 Pregnant Students' Rights Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 45)
1/27 HB 4002 Establishes the West Virginia Collaboratory to Study State Policy Needs Bill Passed - House (76 - 12)
1/22 HR 6359 Pregnant Students' Rights Act Bill Passed - House (217 - 211)
11/19 HB 184 Establishes Limitations on Intercollegiate Athlete Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) Contracts and Amends Appropriations and Regulations for the State Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (83 - 5)
11/19 HB 184 Establishes Limitations on Intercollegiate Athlete Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) Contracts and Amends Appropriations and Regulations for the State Budget Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
11/19 HB 486 Authorizes Public Schools and Universities to Teach the Impacts of Judeo-Christian Religion on American History Bill Passed - House (62 - 27)
11/18 SB 498 Expands State Requirements Relating to Freedom of Speech at University of Wisconsin System Institutions and Establishes Penalties Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 16)
10/14 SB 182 Requires the Technical College System Board to Provide Grants to Technical Colleges That Provide Emergency Medical Services Courses for Initial Licensure Bill Passed - House (90 - 6)
9/17 HB 4282 Authorizes the Liquor Control Commission to Issue a Liquor License to Schoolcraft College Bill Passed - House (89 - 8)
9/10 AB 648 Exempts Community College Housing from Local Zoning Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - House (61 - 8)
9/10 SB 640 Establishes a Direct Admission Program for In-State High School Students to be Admitted to a Designated California State University Campus Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 0)
9/09 AB 1400 Authorizes Select Community Colleges to Offer Baccalaureate Degree Programs in Nursing Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
9/09 SB 640 Establishes a Direct Admission Program for In-State High School Students to be Admitted to a Designated California State University Campus Bill Passed - House (80 - 0)
9/08 AB 648 Exempts Community College Housing from Local Zoning Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
9/04 HB 4024 Require Public Education Institutions in Michigan to Ensure Student Privacy from Students of the Opposite Sex in Multiple-Occupancy Restrooms, Changing Areas, and Similar Facilities Bill Passed - House (58 - 46)
9/02 SB 98 Requires School Districts and Certain Universities to Notify Students, Faculty, and Other Campus Members When Federal Immigration Enforcement is Present Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
9/02 SB 98 Requires School Districts and Certain Universities to Notify Students, Faculty, and Other Campus Members When Federal Immigration Enforcement is Present Bill Passed - House (59 - 10)
7/29 SB 558 Prohibits the Promotion of "Divisive Concepts" and DEI at State Universities Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
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