Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
June 2, 2025 National PN 17 Nomination of Michael Duffey to be Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
June 2, 2025 CT HB 7287 Appropriates Funding for the Connecticut State Budget Bill Passed - House (99 - 49)
June 2, 2025 CA SB 518 Establishes the Bureau for Descendants of American Slavery within the Department of Justice Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
June 1, 2025 TX SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Conference Report Adopted - House (89 - 52)
June 1, 2025 TX SB 15 Authorizes a Fee on Residential Lots in Certain Municipalities and Gives Clearance for Smaller Homes to be Built on Smaller Lots Conference Report Adopted - House (78 - 57)
June 1, 2025 TX SB 2878 Establishes New Procedures, Requirements, and Penalties Relating to Texas' Judicial Branch Conference Report Adopted - House (136 - 2)
May 31, 2025 TX SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Conference Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 11)
May 31, 2025 TX SB 379 Limits SNAP Benefits Conference Report Adopted - House (84 - 45)
May 31, 2025 IL HB 1075 Appropriates and Designates Funding for Budget Implementation Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 41)
May 31, 2025 IL HB 1075 Appropriates and Designates Funding for Budget Implementation Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 23)
May 30, 2025 TX HB 500 Appropriates Supplemental Funding for the 2025-2026 State Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (112 - 24)
May 30, 2025 NE LB 298 Increases Legislative Supervision Over Divisions Bill Passed - Senate (46 - 2)
May 30, 2025 NE LB 298 Increases Legislative Supervision Over Divisions Bill Passed - Senate (46 - 2)
May 30, 2025 NV AB 105 Prohibits Firearm Possession Near Election Sites and Requires Signage Bill Passed - Senate (13 - 8)
May 30, 2025 NV AB 597 Authorizes a Registered Voter who has Indicated on his or her Voter Registration that he or she is not Affiliated with a Political Party to Vote in a Primary Election for a Major Political Party by Requesting a Partisan Mail Ballot or Requesting a Partisan Ballot in Person Bill Passed - House (27 - 15)
May 29, 2025 OK HB 2163 Expands the Attorney General's Authority to Enforce the Oklahoma Open Records Act Veto Override Passed - Senate (37 - 8)
May 29, 2025 OK HB 2163 Expands the Attorney General's Authority to Enforce the Oklahoma Open Records Act Veto Override Passed - House (76 - 13)
May 29, 2025 TX HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Concurrence Vote Passed - House (133 - 1)
May 29, 2025 TX HB 2 Appropriates $7.7 Billion for the State Education Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (122 - 13)
May 29, 2025 ME LD 870 Amends Membership of the Maine Land Use Planning Commission "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (75 - 69)
May 29, 2025 CA SB 428 Authorizes the Permanent Office of the State Auditor to be Located in West Sacramento Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
May 29, 2025 CA SB 515 Requires Cities and Counties to Collect Specific Categories for Black or African American Ancestry when Collecting Demographic Data Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
May 29, 2025 CA SB 345 Authorizes the State Fire Marshall to Establish and Collect Fees Associated with Fire Training and Education Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
May 29, 2025 CA AB 5 Requires Election Officials to Complete the Counting of All Ballots Within 13 Days Following an Election Bill Passed - House (71 - 0)
May 28, 2025 SC H 4025 Appropriates $14.4 Billion Funds for the Fiscal Year 2025-2026 State Budget Conference Report Adopted - Senate (37 - 5)
May 28, 2025 SC H 4025 Appropriates $14.4 Billion Funds for the Fiscal Year 2025-2026 State Budget Conference Report Adopted - House (88 - 25)
May 28, 2025 TX HB 5671 Requires Individuals Listed on the Ballot as a Candidate for or to Serve as a Director to be a Qualified Voter, a Retail Water or Sewer Service Customer of the District and an Owner of Land Receiving Services from the District Concurrence Vote Passed - House (98 - 34)
May 28, 2025 TX HB 2818 Establishes the Artificial Intelligence Division Within the Department of Information Resources Concurrence Vote Passed - House (105 - 32)
May 28, 2025 TX HB 3512 Requires Artificial Intelligence Training for All State Employees Concurrence Vote Passed - House (119 - 18)
May 28, 2025 TX SB 1964 Requires Public Records of All Government Artificial Intelligence Systems Bill Passed - House (104 - 6)
May 28, 2025 TX SB 614 Authorizes the Texas Forensic Science Commission to Review and Refer Certain Cases to the Office of Capital and Forensic Writs Bill Passed - House (128 - 12)
May 28, 2025 OR SB 951 Prohibits Management Services Organizations From Exerting Control Over Medical Practices and Restricts Certain Contractual Agreements Bill Passed - House (41 - 16)
May 28, 2025 CT SB 1358 Restructures the Compensation of Nonprofit Employees in Connecticut to Match Inflation Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
May 27, 2025 ME LD 784 Establishes a Rebutable Presumption Related to Specialized Risk Screening for First Responders "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (78 - 62)
May 27, 2025 TX HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
May 26, 2025 TX SB 7 Appropriates Billions of Dollars to Support Water Infrastructure and Potential Water Drought Bill Passed - House (143 - 3)
May 26, 2025 NV AB 105 Prohibits Firearm Possession Near Election Sites and Requires Signage Bill Passed - House (27 - 14)
May 24, 2025 TX SB 36 Establishes a Texas Homeland Security Division Bill Passed - House (83 - 36)
May 23, 2025 TX SB 379 Limits SNAP Benefits Bill Passed - House (90 - 37)
May 22, 2025 NH HB 57 Establishes Bail Standards for Serious and Violent Offenses "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - Senate (16 - 8)
May 22, 2025 NJ S 862 Requires the Department of Transportation to Include Information about Potholes and Pothole Repair Projects in its Annual Roadway Pavement System Report Bill Passed - House (77 - 0)
May 22, 2025 CT SB 1405 Limits Elections Watchdog Independence Bill Passed - House (92 - 46)
May 22, 2025 CT SB 1405 Limits Elections Watchdog Independence Bill Passed - House (92 - 46)
May 22, 2025 NV SB 102 Prohibits a Person from Creating or Serving in a False Slate of Presidential Electors or Conspiring to Create or Serve in a False Slate of Electors Bill Passed - House (27 - 15)
May 22, 2025 NC SB 257 Appropriates $65 Billion in Funding for the 2025-2026 State Budget Bill Passed - House (86 - 20)
May 22, 2025 OK HB 2766 Appropriates Funding for the Fiscal Year 2025-2026 Oklahoma State Budget Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 19)
May 22, 2025 NJ A 5442 Requires Board of Public Utilities Members to Have Certain Experience Bill Passed - House (74 - 2)
May 22, 2025 NJ A 5463 Requires Electric Public Utilities to File an Annual Report with the Board of Public Utilities Bill Passed - House (61 - 12)
May 22, 2025 DE SB 4 Establishes the Independent Office of the Inspector General (OIG) Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 0)
May 22, 2025 National HR 1 One Big Beautiful Bill Act Bill Passed - House (215 - 214)
May 22, 2025 RI H 5251 Establishes a Voluntary 9/11 Moment of Silence in Schools Bill Passed - House (66 - 0)
May 22, 2025 NJ A 4969 Requires that Boards of Elections have Discretion to Make Initial Determination of Validity of Cast Ballots and Requires Secretary of State to Establish Uniform Guidelines for Assessing Validity of Ballots (76 - 2)
May 22, 2025 NJ A 4969 Requires that Boards of Elections have Discretion to Make Initial Determination of Validity of Cast Ballots and Requires Secretary of State to Establish Uniform Guidelines for Assessing Validity of Ballots (76 - 2)
May 21, 2025 NV AB 325 Prohibits Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Make Final Decisions on Planning Emergency Responses and Allocating Resources Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 0)
May 21, 2025 NV SB 500 Appropriates Funding for K-12 Public Education for the 2025-2027 Biennium Bill Passed - Senate (13 - 8)
May 21, 2025 NV SB 500 Appropriates Funding for K-12 Public Education for the 2025-2027 Biennium Bill Passed - Senate (13 - 8)
May 21, 2025 NE LB 298 Increases Legislative Supervision Over Divisions Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 3)
May 21, 2025 NE LB 298 Increases Legislative Supervision Over Divisions Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 3)
May 20, 2025 IL SB 19 Amends and Reforms the State Prisoner Review Board Bill Passed - House (74 - 37)
May 20, 2025 ME LD 1576 Prohibits Legislative Staff from Lobbying for at Least a Year after Leaving Their Positions "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (115 - 28)
May 20, 2025 ME LD 784 Establishes a Rebutable Presumption Related to Specialized Risk Screening for First Responders "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 12)
May 20, 2025 OK HB 2766 Appropriates Funding for the Fiscal Year 2025-2026 Oklahoma State Budget Bill Passed - House (73 - 20)
May 20, 2025 DE HB 1 Establishes the Delaware Department Of Veterans Affairs Bill Passed - House (38 - 0)
May 19, 2025 MN SF 3045 Appropriates Funding for the Omnibus State Government Finance and Elections Bill Concurrence Vote Passed - House (116 - 18)
May 19, 2025 MN SF 3045 Appropriates Funding for the Omnibus State Government Finance and Elections Bill Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (36 - 31)
May 19, 2025 National PN 24-4 Nomination of Charles Kushner to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
May 19, 2025 CT HB 6863 Specifies Deficiency Appropriations For The Fiscal Year 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 10)
May 19, 2025 National PN 24-4 Nomination of Charles Kushner to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
May 19, 2025 LA HB 685 Prohibits Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) in State Agencies Bill Passed - House (57 - 32)
May 19, 2025 LA HB 685 Prohibits Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) in State Agencies Bill Passed - House (57 - 32)
May 19, 2025 CT HB 6863 Specifies Deficiency Appropriations For The Fiscal Year 2025 Bill Passed - House (98 - 46)
May 18, 2025 MN HF 2563 Appropriates Funding for the 2025 State Legacy Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (113 - 21)
May 18, 2025 MN HF 2563 Appropriates Funding for the 2025 State Legacy Budget Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 30)
May 15, 2025 NH HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (15 - 8)
May 15, 2025 OK SB 995 Requires Legislative Approval for Final Rule Adoption Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 8)
Date No. Title Outcome
6/02 PN 17 Nomination of Michael Duffey to be Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
6/02 HB 7287 Appropriates Funding for the Connecticut State Budget Bill Passed - House (99 - 49)
6/02 SB 518 Establishes the Bureau for Descendants of American Slavery within the Department of Justice Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
6/01 SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Conference Report Adopted - House (89 - 52)
6/01 SB 15 Authorizes a Fee on Residential Lots in Certain Municipalities and Gives Clearance for Smaller Homes to be Built on Smaller Lots Conference Report Adopted - House (78 - 57)
6/01 SB 2878 Establishes New Procedures, Requirements, and Penalties Relating to Texas' Judicial Branch Conference Report Adopted - House (136 - 2)
5/31 SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Conference Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 11)
5/31 SB 379 Limits SNAP Benefits Conference Report Adopted - House (84 - 45)
5/31 HB 1075 Appropriates and Designates Funding for Budget Implementation Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 41)
5/31 HB 1075 Appropriates and Designates Funding for Budget Implementation Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 23)
5/30 HB 500 Appropriates Supplemental Funding for the 2025-2026 State Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (112 - 24)
5/30 LB 298 Increases Legislative Supervision Over Divisions Bill Passed - Senate (46 - 2)
5/30 LB 298 Increases Legislative Supervision Over Divisions Bill Passed - Senate (46 - 2)
5/30 AB 105 Prohibits Firearm Possession Near Election Sites and Requires Signage Bill Passed - Senate (13 - 8)
5/30 AB 597 Authorizes a Registered Voter who has Indicated on his or her Voter Registration that he or she is not Affiliated with a Political Party to Vote in a Primary Election for a Major Political Party by Requesting a Partisan Mail Ballot or Requesting a Partisan Ballot in Person Bill Passed - House (27 - 15)
5/29 HB 2163 Expands the Attorney General's Authority to Enforce the Oklahoma Open Records Act Veto Override Passed - Senate (37 - 8)
5/29 HB 2163 Expands the Attorney General's Authority to Enforce the Oklahoma Open Records Act Veto Override Passed - House (76 - 13)
5/29 HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Concurrence Vote Passed - House (133 - 1)
5/29 HB 2 Appropriates $7.7 Billion for the State Education Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (122 - 13)
5/29 LD 870 Amends Membership of the Maine Land Use Planning Commission "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (75 - 69)
5/29 SB 428 Authorizes the Permanent Office of the State Auditor to be Located in West Sacramento Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
5/29 SB 515 Requires Cities and Counties to Collect Specific Categories for Black or African American Ancestry when Collecting Demographic Data Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
5/29 SB 345 Authorizes the State Fire Marshall to Establish and Collect Fees Associated with Fire Training and Education Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
5/29 AB 5 Requires Election Officials to Complete the Counting of All Ballots Within 13 Days Following an Election Bill Passed - House (71 - 0)
5/28 H 4025 Appropriates $14.4 Billion Funds for the Fiscal Year 2025-2026 State Budget Conference Report Adopted - Senate (37 - 5)
5/28 H 4025 Appropriates $14.4 Billion Funds for the Fiscal Year 2025-2026 State Budget Conference Report Adopted - House (88 - 25)
5/28 HB 5671 Requires Individuals Listed on the Ballot as a Candidate for or to Serve as a Director to be a Qualified Voter, a Retail Water or Sewer Service Customer of the District and an Owner of Land Receiving Services from the District Concurrence Vote Passed - House (98 - 34)
5/28 HB 2818 Establishes the Artificial Intelligence Division Within the Department of Information Resources Concurrence Vote Passed - House (105 - 32)
5/28 HB 3512 Requires Artificial Intelligence Training for All State Employees Concurrence Vote Passed - House (119 - 18)
5/28 SB 1964 Requires Public Records of All Government Artificial Intelligence Systems Bill Passed - House (104 - 6)
5/28 SB 614 Authorizes the Texas Forensic Science Commission to Review and Refer Certain Cases to the Office of Capital and Forensic Writs Bill Passed - House (128 - 12)
5/28 SB 951 Prohibits Management Services Organizations From Exerting Control Over Medical Practices and Restricts Certain Contractual Agreements Bill Passed - House (41 - 16)
5/28 SB 1358 Restructures the Compensation of Nonprofit Employees in Connecticut to Match Inflation Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
5/27 LD 784 Establishes a Rebutable Presumption Related to Specialized Risk Screening for First Responders "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (78 - 62)
5/27 HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
5/26 SB 7 Appropriates Billions of Dollars to Support Water Infrastructure and Potential Water Drought Bill Passed - House (143 - 3)
5/26 AB 105 Prohibits Firearm Possession Near Election Sites and Requires Signage Bill Passed - House (27 - 14)
5/24 SB 36 Establishes a Texas Homeland Security Division Bill Passed - House (83 - 36)
5/23 SB 379 Limits SNAP Benefits Bill Passed - House (90 - 37)
5/22 HB 57 Establishes Bail Standards for Serious and Violent Offenses "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - Senate (16 - 8)
5/22 S 862 Requires the Department of Transportation to Include Information about Potholes and Pothole Repair Projects in its Annual Roadway Pavement System Report Bill Passed - House (77 - 0)
5/22 SB 1405 Limits Elections Watchdog Independence Bill Passed - House (92 - 46)
5/22 SB 1405 Limits Elections Watchdog Independence Bill Passed - House (92 - 46)
5/22 SB 102 Prohibits a Person from Creating or Serving in a False Slate of Presidential Electors or Conspiring to Create or Serve in a False Slate of Electors Bill Passed - House (27 - 15)
5/22 SB 257 Appropriates $65 Billion in Funding for the 2025-2026 State Budget Bill Passed - House (86 - 20)
5/22 HB 2766 Appropriates Funding for the Fiscal Year 2025-2026 Oklahoma State Budget Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 19)
5/22 A 5442 Requires Board of Public Utilities Members to Have Certain Experience Bill Passed - House (74 - 2)
5/22 A 5463 Requires Electric Public Utilities to File an Annual Report with the Board of Public Utilities Bill Passed - House (61 - 12)
5/22 SB 4 Establishes the Independent Office of the Inspector General (OIG) Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 0)
5/22 HR 1 One Big Beautiful Bill Act Bill Passed - House (215 - 214)
5/22 H 5251 Establishes a Voluntary 9/11 Moment of Silence in Schools Bill Passed - House (66 - 0)
5/22 A 4969 Requires that Boards of Elections have Discretion to Make Initial Determination of Validity of Cast Ballots and Requires Secretary of State to Establish Uniform Guidelines for Assessing Validity of Ballots (76 - 2)
5/22 A 4969 Requires that Boards of Elections have Discretion to Make Initial Determination of Validity of Cast Ballots and Requires Secretary of State to Establish Uniform Guidelines for Assessing Validity of Ballots (76 - 2)
5/21 AB 325 Prohibits Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Make Final Decisions on Planning Emergency Responses and Allocating Resources Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 0)
5/21 SB 500 Appropriates Funding for K-12 Public Education for the 2025-2027 Biennium Bill Passed - Senate (13 - 8)
5/21 SB 500 Appropriates Funding for K-12 Public Education for the 2025-2027 Biennium Bill Passed - Senate (13 - 8)
5/21 LB 298 Increases Legislative Supervision Over Divisions Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 3)
5/21 LB 298 Increases Legislative Supervision Over Divisions Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 3)
5/20 SB 19 Amends and Reforms the State Prisoner Review Board Bill Passed - House (74 - 37)
5/20 LD 1576 Prohibits Legislative Staff from Lobbying for at Least a Year after Leaving Their Positions "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (115 - 28)
5/20 LD 784 Establishes a Rebutable Presumption Related to Specialized Risk Screening for First Responders "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 12)
5/20 HB 2766 Appropriates Funding for the Fiscal Year 2025-2026 Oklahoma State Budget Bill Passed - House (73 - 20)
5/20 HB 1 Establishes the Delaware Department Of Veterans Affairs Bill Passed - House (38 - 0)
5/19 SF 3045 Appropriates Funding for the Omnibus State Government Finance and Elections Bill Concurrence Vote Passed - House (116 - 18)
5/19 SF 3045 Appropriates Funding for the Omnibus State Government Finance and Elections Bill Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (36 - 31)
5/19 PN 24-4 Nomination of Charles Kushner to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
5/19 HB 6863 Specifies Deficiency Appropriations For The Fiscal Year 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 10)
5/19 PN 24-4 Nomination of Charles Kushner to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
5/19 HB 685 Prohibits Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) in State Agencies Bill Passed - House (57 - 32)
5/19 HB 685 Prohibits Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) in State Agencies Bill Passed - House (57 - 32)
5/19 HB 6863 Specifies Deficiency Appropriations For The Fiscal Year 2025 Bill Passed - House (98 - 46)
5/18 HF 2563 Appropriates Funding for the 2025 State Legacy Budget Concurrence Vote Passed - House (113 - 21)
5/18 HF 2563 Appropriates Funding for the 2025 State Legacy Budget Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 30)
5/15 HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (15 - 8)
5/15 SB 995 Requires Legislative Approval for Final Rule Adoption Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 8)

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