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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Feb. 25, 2025 AR SB 211 Requires Canvassers to File an Affidavit Bill Passed - House (65 - 27)
Feb. 21, 2025 VA HB 2276 Establishes Guidelines for Verifying and Protecting Voter Registration Information Conference Report Adopted - House (54 - 41)
Feb. 19, 2025 VA SB 1009 Authorizes Ranked Choice Voting for Certain Local Elections Bill Passed - House (50 - 46)
Feb. 19, 2025 SD HB 1256 Requires Individuals to Sign Petitions Using Their Voter Registration Address Instead of Their Residency Address. Bill Passed - House (61 - 9)
Feb. 18, 2025 SD HB 1180 Requires School Board Candidates Disclose Their Party Affiliation When They Declare Candidacy Bill Failed - House (31 - 39)
Feb. 14, 2025 KS HB 2106 Prohibits Contributions to Support or Defeat a Constitutional Amendment Referendum from Foreign Nationals Bill Passed - House (94 - 25)
Feb. 14, 2025 KS HB 2106 Prohibits Contributions to Support or Defeat a Constitutional Amendment Referendum from Foreign Nationals Bill Passed - House (94 - 25)
Feb. 12, 2025 KY HB 45 Prohibits Foreign Donors and Entities from Donating to Campaigns for Ballot Measures Bill Passed - House (85 - 12)
Feb. 12, 2025 AZ HB 2703 Amends the State Ballot Counting Process Bill Passed - House (32 - 27)
Feb. 12, 2025 WY HB 337 Prohibits Political Groups Including PACS and Organizations Influencing State Policy from Allowing Foreign Nationals to Fund or Participate in the Initiative Bill Passed - House (58 - 2)
Feb. 10, 2025 SD HB 1130 Amends the Date for School Board and Municipal Elections Bill Passed - House (52 - 16)
Feb. 10, 2025 SD HB 1184 Amends the Deadline for Filing a Petition to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Bill Passed - House (59 - 9)
Feb. 7, 2025 MT HB 221 Amends Municipal Election Dates from Odd to Even-Numbered Years Bill Passed - House (57 - 42)
Feb. 5, 2025 SD SB 12 Repeals a Campaign Finance Loophole that Authorized Unlimited Funds Into a Campaign Bill Passed - House (38 - 29)
Feb. 5, 2025 SD SB 12 Repeals a Campaign Finance Loophole that Authorized Unlimited Funds Into a Campaign Bill Passed - House (38 - 29)
Feb. 5, 2025 SD HB 1127 Requires that Notice of a County's Canvass, Post-Election Audit, and Testing of Automatic Tabulating Equipment be Posted to the Secretary of State's Website Bill Passed - House (43 - 24)
Feb. 4, 2025 VA HB 2277 Establishes Regulations for Electoral Board Members Bill Passed - House (51 - 47)
Feb. 4, 2025 VA HB 2165 Prohibits the Use of Campaign Funds for Personal Expenses Bill Passed - House (99 - 0)
Feb. 4, 2025 VA HB 2165 Prohibits the Use of Campaign Funds for Personal Expenses Bill Passed - House (99 - 0)
Feb. 4, 2025 VA HB 2056 Authorizes Localities to Set Hours of Operation for Satellite Voting Locations Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
Feb. 4, 2025 VA HB 2276 Establishes Guidelines for Verifying and Protecting Voter Registration Information Bill Passed - House (56 - 42)
Feb. 4, 2025 VA HB 1657 Establishes Timelines for Removal of Ineligible Voters Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
Jan. 30, 2025 NJ A 5117 Increases the Signature Threshold for State Office-Seekers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (49 - 26)
Jan. 30, 2025 NJ A 5117 Increases the Signature Threshold for State Office-Seekers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (49 - 26)
Jan. 22, 2025 SD HJR 5003 Authorizes Asking Voters to Increase the Approval Threshold for Constitutional Amendments from a Simple Majority to 60% Joint Resolution Passed - House (61 - 5)
Jan. 21, 2025 ND HB 1178 Requires School Districts Allow Time for Students to Vote in Elections Bill Passed - House (86 - 1)
Jan. 20, 2025 WY HB 156 Requires 30-Day Residency Before Registering to Vote Bill Passed - House (51 - 8)
Jan. 14, 2025 WI SJR 2 Authorizes a Constitutional Amendment that Requires Voter ID Joint Resolution Passed - House (54 - 45)
Jan. 14, 2025 VA HJR 2 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment that Restores Felon Voting Rights Joint Resolution Passed - House (55 - 44)
Dec. 18, 2024 OH HB 74 Amends Various State Election Laws and Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - House (61 - 28)
Dec. 18, 2024 OH HB 74 Amends Various State Election Laws and Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - House (61 - 28)
Nov. 20, 2024 NC SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Conference Report Adopted - House (63 - 46)
Nov. 18, 2024 National HR 5658 Vote by Mail Tracking Act Bill Passed - House (396 - 6)
Nov. 13, 2024 MI HB 4128 Prohibits Open Carrying at Ballot Drop Box Locations Concurrence Vote Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 13, 2024 MI HB 4127 Prohibits Open Carrying at Polling Places Concurrence Vote Passed - House (56 - 53)
Sept. 17, 2024 National HR 8314 No Foreign Election Interference Act Bill Failed - House (218 - 181)
Aug. 30, 2024 CA AB 2839 Prohibits Deceptive Content in Election Advertisements Concurrence Vote Passed - House (63 - 8)
July 10, 2024 National HR 8281 Safeguard American Voter Eligibility Act Bill Passed - House (221 - 198)
July 9, 2024 PA HB 2473 Amends the Pennsylvania Election Code and Outlines the Process for Appeals to the Court and County Board Membership Bill Passed - House (105 - 97)
July 1, 2024 PA HB 2433 Prohibits Foreign-Influenced Corporations from Influencing Elections Bill Passed - House (126 - 76)
July 1, 2024 PA HB 2433 Prohibits Foreign-Influenced Corporations from Influencing Elections Bill Passed - House (126 - 76)
June 30, 2024 DE HB 316 Establishes New Electoral Crime of Distributing Deepfakes Concurrence Vote Passed - House (40 - 1)
June 13, 2024 MI SB 603 Amends the Requirements for Election Recounts in Michigan Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
June 13, 2024 MI SB 604 Amends Sentencing Guidelines Related to Election Recounts Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
June 8, 2024 NY S 9837 Requires the Board of Elections to Provide a Domestic Postage Paid Return Envelope for Voters Bill Passed - House (92 - 49)
May 30, 2024 OH HB 1 Prohibits Foreign Nationals from Contributing Money Directly or Indirectly to State Ballot Initiatives Bill Passed - House (63 - 31)
May 30, 2024 OH HB 1 Prohibits Foreign Nationals from Contributing Money Directly or Indirectly to State Ballot Initiatives Bill Passed - House (63 - 31)
May 29, 2024 NY S 6130 Authorizes Attorneys to be Poll Watchers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (98 - 49)
May 28, 2024 NY S 5943 Amends the Order in Which Candidates Appear on State and Federal Ballots Bill Passed - House (96 - 48)
May 28, 2024 NY S 5943 Amends the Order in Which Candidates Appear on State and Federal Ballots Bill Passed - House (96 - 48)
May 23, 2024 OK HB 1105 Increases the Challenge Period for Initiative Petitions and Referendums from 10 to 90 Days Concurrence Vote Passed - House (72 - 18)
May 23, 2024 National HR 192 To prohibit individuals who are not citizens of the United States from voting in elections in the District of Columbia Bill Passed - House (262 - 143)
May 22, 2024 CA AB 2355 Requires Entities that Create, Publish, or Distribute Political Advertisements Provide a Disclosure of AI Use Bill Passed - House (64 - 0)
May 21, 2024 CA AB 1807 Amends Certain Sections of the Elections Code Relating to Elections Bill Passed - House (58 - 13)
May 21, 2024 CA AB 1807 Amends Certain Sections of the Elections Code Relating to Elections Bill Passed - House (58 - 13)
May 21, 2024 CA AB 2642 Amends Statutes Regarding Elections Bill Passed - House (59 - 10)
May 18, 2024 MN SF 37 Authorizes Minnesota Voters to Vote On a Constitutional Amendment Providing For Equality Under the Law Bill Passed - House (68 - 62)
May 13, 2024 MN HF 4772 Establishes Various Election Policies and Campaign Finance Laws Conference Report Adopted - House (70 - 63)
May 13, 2024 MN HF 4772 Establishes Various Election Policies and Campaign Finance Laws Conference Report Adopted - House (70 - 63)
May 9, 2024 AK HB 358 Prohibits the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Create Deep Fakes Bill Passed - House (38 - 2)
May 9, 2024 AK HB 358 Prohibits the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Create Deep Fakes Bill Passed - House (38 - 2)
May 6, 2024 CO SB 24-210 Amends Various Election Laws Including Delaying Implementation of State Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - House (53 - 9)
May 3, 2024 MN HF 4411 Increases Various Election Security Measures for Local Government Bill Passed - House (83 - 44)
May 3, 2024 MN HF 4411 Increases Various Election Security Measures for Local Government Bill Passed - House (83 - 44)
May 2, 2024 AL SB 186 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - House (74 - 28)
May 2, 2024 AL SB 186 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - House (74 - 28)
May 1, 2024 PA HB 847 Authorizes Election Officials to Begin Counting Mail-In Ballots 7 Days Before an Election Bill Passed - House (102 - 99)
April 30, 2024 CO HB 24-1147 Requires Disclosure of the Usage of Deepfakes During an Election Concurrence Vote Passed - House (43 - 19)
April 20, 2024 CO HB 24-1349 Authorizes a Ballot Proposal to Establish a 9% Excise Tax on Ammo Vendors, Gun Dealers and Firearms Manufacturers Bill Passed - House (44 - 18)
April 18, 2024 IA SF 2433 Appropriates Funding for the Iowa Department of Inspections, Appeals, and Licensing (DIAL) Bill Passed - House (56 - 35)
April 12, 2024 KY HB 622 Repeals the Governor's Authority to Fill a Vacant U.S. Senate Seat and Instead Require a Special Election Veto Override Passed - House (81 - 17)
April 12, 2024 FL SJR 1114 Authorizes the Repeal of Article 6 of the Florida State Constitution Joint Resolution Passed - House (82 - 29)
March 28, 2024 GA HB 1207 Requires Proofing of Ballots By Local Superintendents in Certain Races Concurrence Vote Passed - House (100 - 75)
March 28, 2024 GA SB 189 Establishes New Rules and Regulations for Challenging Voter Qualifications Bill Passed - House (101 - 73)
March 27, 2024 ID S 1377 Requires Paid Signature Gatherers to Disclose that They are Being Paid Bill Passed - House (54 - 16)
Date No. Title Outcome
2/25 SB 211 Requires Canvassers to File an Affidavit Bill Passed - House (65 - 27)
2/21 HB 2276 Establishes Guidelines for Verifying and Protecting Voter Registration Information Conference Report Adopted - House (54 - 41)
2/19 SB 1009 Authorizes Ranked Choice Voting for Certain Local Elections Bill Passed - House (50 - 46)
2/19 HB 1256 Requires Individuals to Sign Petitions Using Their Voter Registration Address Instead of Their Residency Address. Bill Passed - House (61 - 9)
2/18 HB 1180 Requires School Board Candidates Disclose Their Party Affiliation When They Declare Candidacy Bill Failed - House (31 - 39)
2/14 HB 2106 Prohibits Contributions to Support or Defeat a Constitutional Amendment Referendum from Foreign Nationals Bill Passed - House (94 - 25)
2/14 HB 2106 Prohibits Contributions to Support or Defeat a Constitutional Amendment Referendum from Foreign Nationals Bill Passed - House (94 - 25)
2/12 HB 45 Prohibits Foreign Donors and Entities from Donating to Campaigns for Ballot Measures Bill Passed - House (85 - 12)
2/12 HB 2703 Amends the State Ballot Counting Process Bill Passed - House (32 - 27)
2/12 HB 337 Prohibits Political Groups Including PACS and Organizations Influencing State Policy from Allowing Foreign Nationals to Fund or Participate in the Initiative Bill Passed - House (58 - 2)
2/10 HB 1130 Amends the Date for School Board and Municipal Elections Bill Passed - House (52 - 16)
2/10 HB 1184 Amends the Deadline for Filing a Petition to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Bill Passed - House (59 - 9)
2/07 HB 221 Amends Municipal Election Dates from Odd to Even-Numbered Years Bill Passed - House (57 - 42)
2/05 SB 12 Repeals a Campaign Finance Loophole that Authorized Unlimited Funds Into a Campaign Bill Passed - House (38 - 29)
2/05 SB 12 Repeals a Campaign Finance Loophole that Authorized Unlimited Funds Into a Campaign Bill Passed - House (38 - 29)
2/05 HB 1127 Requires that Notice of a County's Canvass, Post-Election Audit, and Testing of Automatic Tabulating Equipment be Posted to the Secretary of State's Website Bill Passed - House (43 - 24)
2/04 HB 2277 Establishes Regulations for Electoral Board Members Bill Passed - House (51 - 47)
2/04 HB 2165 Prohibits the Use of Campaign Funds for Personal Expenses Bill Passed - House (99 - 0)
2/04 HB 2165 Prohibits the Use of Campaign Funds for Personal Expenses Bill Passed - House (99 - 0)
2/04 HB 2056 Authorizes Localities to Set Hours of Operation for Satellite Voting Locations Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
2/04 HB 2276 Establishes Guidelines for Verifying and Protecting Voter Registration Information Bill Passed - House (56 - 42)
2/04 HB 1657 Establishes Timelines for Removal of Ineligible Voters Bill Passed - House (53 - 45)
1/30 A 5117 Increases the Signature Threshold for State Office-Seekers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (49 - 26)
1/30 A 5117 Increases the Signature Threshold for State Office-Seekers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (49 - 26)
1/22 HJR 5003 Authorizes Asking Voters to Increase the Approval Threshold for Constitutional Amendments from a Simple Majority to 60% Joint Resolution Passed - House (61 - 5)
1/21 HB 1178 Requires School Districts Allow Time for Students to Vote in Elections Bill Passed - House (86 - 1)
1/20 HB 156 Requires 30-Day Residency Before Registering to Vote Bill Passed - House (51 - 8)
1/14 SJR 2 Authorizes a Constitutional Amendment that Requires Voter ID Joint Resolution Passed - House (54 - 45)
1/14 HJR 2 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment that Restores Felon Voting Rights Joint Resolution Passed - House (55 - 44)
12/18 HB 74 Amends Various State Election Laws and Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - House (61 - 28)
12/18 HB 74 Amends Various State Election Laws and Regulations Concurrence Vote Passed - House (61 - 28)
11/20 SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Conference Report Adopted - House (63 - 46)
11/18 HR 5658 Vote by Mail Tracking Act Bill Passed - House (396 - 6)
11/13 HB 4128 Prohibits Open Carrying at Ballot Drop Box Locations Concurrence Vote Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/13 HB 4127 Prohibits Open Carrying at Polling Places Concurrence Vote Passed - House (56 - 53)
9/17 HR 8314 No Foreign Election Interference Act Bill Failed - House (218 - 181)
8/30 AB 2839 Prohibits Deceptive Content in Election Advertisements Concurrence Vote Passed - House (63 - 8)
7/10 HR 8281 Safeguard American Voter Eligibility Act Bill Passed - House (221 - 198)
7/09 HB 2473 Amends the Pennsylvania Election Code and Outlines the Process for Appeals to the Court and County Board Membership Bill Passed - House (105 - 97)
7/01 HB 2433 Prohibits Foreign-Influenced Corporations from Influencing Elections Bill Passed - House (126 - 76)
7/01 HB 2433 Prohibits Foreign-Influenced Corporations from Influencing Elections Bill Passed - House (126 - 76)
6/30 HB 316 Establishes New Electoral Crime of Distributing Deepfakes Concurrence Vote Passed - House (40 - 1)
6/13 SB 603 Amends the Requirements for Election Recounts in Michigan Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
6/13 SB 604 Amends Sentencing Guidelines Related to Election Recounts Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
6/08 S 9837 Requires the Board of Elections to Provide a Domestic Postage Paid Return Envelope for Voters Bill Passed - House (92 - 49)
5/30 HB 1 Prohibits Foreign Nationals from Contributing Money Directly or Indirectly to State Ballot Initiatives Bill Passed - House (63 - 31)
5/30 HB 1 Prohibits Foreign Nationals from Contributing Money Directly or Indirectly to State Ballot Initiatives Bill Passed - House (63 - 31)
5/29 S 6130 Authorizes Attorneys to be Poll Watchers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (98 - 49)
5/28 S 5943 Amends the Order in Which Candidates Appear on State and Federal Ballots Bill Passed - House (96 - 48)
5/28 S 5943 Amends the Order in Which Candidates Appear on State and Federal Ballots Bill Passed - House (96 - 48)
5/23 HB 1105 Increases the Challenge Period for Initiative Petitions and Referendums from 10 to 90 Days Concurrence Vote Passed - House (72 - 18)
5/23 HR 192 To prohibit individuals who are not citizens of the United States from voting in elections in the District of Columbia Bill Passed - House (262 - 143)
5/22 AB 2355 Requires Entities that Create, Publish, or Distribute Political Advertisements Provide a Disclosure of AI Use Bill Passed - House (64 - 0)
5/21 AB 1807 Amends Certain Sections of the Elections Code Relating to Elections Bill Passed - House (58 - 13)
5/21 AB 1807 Amends Certain Sections of the Elections Code Relating to Elections Bill Passed - House (58 - 13)
5/21 AB 2642 Amends Statutes Regarding Elections Bill Passed - House (59 - 10)
5/18 SF 37 Authorizes Minnesota Voters to Vote On a Constitutional Amendment Providing For Equality Under the Law Bill Passed - House (68 - 62)
5/13 HF 4772 Establishes Various Election Policies and Campaign Finance Laws Conference Report Adopted - House (70 - 63)
5/13 HF 4772 Establishes Various Election Policies and Campaign Finance Laws Conference Report Adopted - House (70 - 63)
5/09 HB 358 Prohibits the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Create Deep Fakes Bill Passed - House (38 - 2)
5/09 HB 358 Prohibits the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Create Deep Fakes Bill Passed - House (38 - 2)
5/06 SB 24-210 Amends Various Election Laws Including Delaying Implementation of State Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - House (53 - 9)
5/03 HF 4411 Increases Various Election Security Measures for Local Government Bill Passed - House (83 - 44)
5/03 HF 4411 Increases Various Election Security Measures for Local Government Bill Passed - House (83 - 44)
5/02 SB 186 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - House (74 - 28)
5/02 SB 186 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - House (74 - 28)
5/01 HB 847 Authorizes Election Officials to Begin Counting Mail-In Ballots 7 Days Before an Election Bill Passed - House (102 - 99)
4/30 HB 24-1147 Requires Disclosure of the Usage of Deepfakes During an Election Concurrence Vote Passed - House (43 - 19)
4/20 HB 24-1349 Authorizes a Ballot Proposal to Establish a 9% Excise Tax on Ammo Vendors, Gun Dealers and Firearms Manufacturers Bill Passed - House (44 - 18)
4/18 SF 2433 Appropriates Funding for the Iowa Department of Inspections, Appeals, and Licensing (DIAL) Bill Passed - House (56 - 35)
4/12 HB 622 Repeals the Governor's Authority to Fill a Vacant U.S. Senate Seat and Instead Require a Special Election Veto Override Passed - House (81 - 17)
4/12 SJR 1114 Authorizes the Repeal of Article 6 of the Florida State Constitution Joint Resolution Passed - House (82 - 29)
3/28 HB 1207 Requires Proofing of Ballots By Local Superintendents in Certain Races Concurrence Vote Passed - House (100 - 75)
3/28 SB 189 Establishes New Rules and Regulations for Challenging Voter Qualifications Bill Passed - House (101 - 73)
3/27 S 1377 Requires Paid Signature Gatherers to Disclose that They are Being Paid Bill Passed - House (54 - 16)
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