Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 15, 2025 NH HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (15 - 8)
May 15, 2025 NH SB 62 Authorizes Law Enforcement Officials to Enter into Agreements with ICE Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (15 - 8)
May 15, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
May 14, 2025 National PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 40)
May 14, 2025 IA HF 1049 Increases Medicaid Beneficiaries' Monthly Personal Needs Allowance from $50 to $55 Each Month Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 15)
May 14, 2025 MO HB 567 Amends Provisions Relating to Employee Compensation Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 11)
May 14, 2025 IA HF 889 Establishes Paid Parental Leave for State Employees in Iowa Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 1)
May 14, 2025 AL HB 343 Requires Membership of the General Retirement System for Employees of Jefferson County be Mandatory for Eligible Full-Time Employees Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 3)
May 14, 2025 NE LB 89 Defines "Male" and "Female" in State Law Targeted for K-12 or Collegiate Bathrooms, Sports Teams and Locker Rooms Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 15)
May 14, 2025 NE LB 89 Defines "Male" and "Female" in State Law Targeted for K-12 or Collegiate Bathrooms, Sports Teams and Locker Rooms Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 15)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
May 14, 2025 National PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
May 14, 2025 IA SF 607 Reduces the Percent of the Iowa's Average Weekly Wage Used to Calculate Unemployment Benefits Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 16)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
May 13, 2025 National PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
May 13, 2025 National PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
May 13, 2025 OR HB 2134 Authorizes Tenants to Terminate Lease Early Following Landlord's Notice of Nonrenewal Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 3)
May 13, 2025 OR HB 3187 Prohibits Employers From Asking For or Requiring an Applicant's Age Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 9)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
May 13, 2025 National PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Cloture Invoked - Senate (72 - 26)
May 12, 2025 National PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 12, 2025 National PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
May 12, 2025 National PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
May 12, 2025 LA SB 15 Authorizes Punishments to Jailers for Not Cooperating with ICE Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
May 8, 2025 RI S 387 Requires the Installation of Universal Changing Stations in All Newly Constructed, Reconstructed or Remodeled Public Buildings (Senate Version) Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
May 7, 2025 TX SB 29 Establishes Specialty Courts to Handle Business Disputes Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
May 7, 2025 NC SB 416 Prohibits Public Agencies from "Collecting, Disclosing, or Releasing Personal Information" About Individuals Associated with 501(c) Nonprofits, With Exceptions Allowed by State or Federal Law. Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 15)
May 7, 2025 NC SB 442 Amends Child Abuse and Neglect Statutes to Exempt Conduct Described as Raising a Child "Consistent with the Juvenile's Biological Sex" and Prohibits Adoptive Parents from Being Screened Based on Whether They Would Deny Their Child Gender-Affirming Care Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 13)
May 6, 2025 National PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
May 6, 2025 National PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
May 6, 2025 CO HB 25-1312 Establishes Penalties for "Dead-Naming" or "Misgendering" as Discriminatory Actions and Requires Courts to Include Such Claims in Custody Cases Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 14)
May 6, 2025 CO HB 25-1312 Establishes Penalties for "Dead-Naming" or "Misgendering" as Discriminatory Actions and Requires Courts to Include Such Claims in Custody Cases Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 14)
May 6, 2025 CO HB 25-1309 Defines "Gender-Affirming Care" Into State Statute and Prohibits Health Insurance Providers from Denying or Limiting Such Care Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
May 6, 2025 PA SB 9 Prohibits Transgender Girls from Participating on Female Sports Teams in Public Schools Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 18)
May 5, 2025 CO SB 25-276 Extends and Expands the State's Protections on Disclosing Personal Information Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
May 5, 2025 AK SB 96 Establishes a New Grant Program for Child Care and Expands the Number of Families Eligible for Child Care Assistance from the State. Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 1)
May 2, 2025 CO HB 25-1315 Requires That Members of the General Assembly Appointed Through a Vacancy Committee Serve No More Than One Year Before Running for Election Before the Electorate Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 2)
May 1, 2025 OK HB 2728 Establishes Regulations for the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act of 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 7)
May 1, 2025 OK HB 1217 Prohibits Public Drag Performances Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 8)
May 1, 2025 National PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
May 1, 2025 National PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
April 30, 2025 NE LB 258 Amends Annual Increases to State Minimum Wage Down to a Fixed Rate Motion Agreed - Senate (33 - 16)
April 29, 2025 AZ SB 1296 Amends the Eligibility Requirements for Unemployment Benefits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
April 29, 2025 National PN 54-5 Nomination of David Perdue to be Ambassador to the People's Republic of China Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 29)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/15 HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (15 - 8)
5/15 SB 62 Authorizes Law Enforcement Officials to Enter into Agreements with ICE Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (15 - 8)
5/15 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/14 PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
5/14 PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/14 PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 40)
5/14 HF 1049 Increases Medicaid Beneficiaries' Monthly Personal Needs Allowance from $50 to $55 Each Month Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 15)
5/14 HB 567 Amends Provisions Relating to Employee Compensation Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 11)
5/14 HF 889 Establishes Paid Parental Leave for State Employees in Iowa Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 1)
5/14 HB 343 Requires Membership of the General Retirement System for Employees of Jefferson County be Mandatory for Eligible Full-Time Employees Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 3)
5/14 LB 89 Defines "Male" and "Female" in State Law Targeted for K-12 or Collegiate Bathrooms, Sports Teams and Locker Rooms Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 15)
5/14 LB 89 Defines "Male" and "Female" in State Law Targeted for K-12 or Collegiate Bathrooms, Sports Teams and Locker Rooms Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 15)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
5/14 PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
5/14 SF 607 Reduces the Percent of the Iowa's Average Weekly Wage Used to Calculate Unemployment Benefits Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 16)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
5/13 PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
5/13 PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
5/13 HB 2134 Authorizes Tenants to Terminate Lease Early Following Landlord's Notice of Nonrenewal Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 3)
5/13 HB 3187 Prohibits Employers From Asking For or Requiring an Applicant's Age Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 9)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
5/13 PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
5/13 PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Cloture Invoked - Senate (72 - 26)
5/12 PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/12 PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
5/12 PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
5/12 SB 15 Authorizes Punishments to Jailers for Not Cooperating with ICE Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
5/08 S 387 Requires the Installation of Universal Changing Stations in All Newly Constructed, Reconstructed or Remodeled Public Buildings (Senate Version) Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
5/07 SB 29 Establishes Specialty Courts to Handle Business Disputes Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
5/07 SB 416 Prohibits Public Agencies from "Collecting, Disclosing, or Releasing Personal Information" About Individuals Associated with 501(c) Nonprofits, With Exceptions Allowed by State or Federal Law. Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 15)
5/07 SB 442 Amends Child Abuse and Neglect Statutes to Exempt Conduct Described as Raising a Child "Consistent with the Juvenile's Biological Sex" and Prohibits Adoptive Parents from Being Screened Based on Whether They Would Deny Their Child Gender-Affirming Care Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 13)
5/06 PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
5/06 PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
5/06 HB 25-1312 Establishes Penalties for "Dead-Naming" or "Misgendering" as Discriminatory Actions and Requires Courts to Include Such Claims in Custody Cases Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 14)
5/06 HB 25-1312 Establishes Penalties for "Dead-Naming" or "Misgendering" as Discriminatory Actions and Requires Courts to Include Such Claims in Custody Cases Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 14)
5/06 HB 25-1309 Defines "Gender-Affirming Care" Into State Statute and Prohibits Health Insurance Providers from Denying or Limiting Such Care Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
5/06 SB 9 Prohibits Transgender Girls from Participating on Female Sports Teams in Public Schools Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 18)
5/05 SB 25-276 Extends and Expands the State's Protections on Disclosing Personal Information Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
5/05 SB 96 Establishes a New Grant Program for Child Care and Expands the Number of Families Eligible for Child Care Assistance from the State. Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 1)
5/02 HB 25-1315 Requires That Members of the General Assembly Appointed Through a Vacancy Committee Serve No More Than One Year Before Running for Election Before the Electorate Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 2)
5/01 HB 2728 Establishes Regulations for the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act of 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 7)
5/01 HB 1217 Prohibits Public Drag Performances Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 8)
5/01 PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
5/01 PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
4/30 LB 258 Amends Annual Increases to State Minimum Wage Down to a Fixed Rate Motion Agreed - Senate (33 - 16)
4/29 SB 1296 Amends the Eligibility Requirements for Unemployment Benefits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
4/29 PN 54-5 Nomination of David Perdue to be Ambassador to the People's Republic of China Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 29)

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