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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
April 12, 2025 MT HB 763 Increases the Base Hunting License Fee for All Nonresidents from $15 to $100 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (48 - 2)
April 10, 2025 National H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
April 10, 2025 National H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
April 9, 2025 National H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
April 9, 2025 National H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
April 9, 2025 AZ HB 2203 Amends Current Groundwater Statutes in Arizona Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
April 9, 2025 AR HB 1656 Amends State Law Regarding Oil and Gas Production and Conservation Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
April 9, 2025 AZ HB 2203 Amends Current Groundwater Statutes in Arizona Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
April 8, 2025 NY S 252 Establishes an Exotic Animal Sale and Ownership Ban Bill Passed - Senate (56 - 6)
April 8, 2025 NY S 197 Establishes Tucker's Law and Authorizes Certain Sentencing for Aggravated Animal Cruelty Bill Passed - Senate (61 - 1)
April 8, 2025 NY S 3026 Prohibits Surgical Devocalization Procedures on Dogs and Cats Bill Passed - Senate (62 - 0)
April 8, 2025 NY S 5014 Prohibits the Importation, Transportation, and Possession of Certain African Wildlife Species and Products Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 8)
April 8, 2025 NY S 3158 Establishes Animal Fighting as a Criminal Act Bill Passed - Senate (61 - 1)
April 8, 2025 NY S 3629 Prohibits the Use of Certain Animals in Traveling Animal Acts Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 10)
April 8, 2025 NY S 364 Prohibits Insurance Policy Restrictions Based on Owning Specific Dog Breeds Bill Passed - Senate (61 - 1)
April 7, 2025 MO HB 508 Exempts Capital Gains from State Income Tax Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
April 7, 2025 IA SF 608 Amends and Updates the Grain Indemnity Program Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 8)
April 4, 2025 CO HB 25-1113 Prohibits Local Governments from Allowing Nonfunctional Turf from being Installed as part of a New or Redeveloped Multifamily Residential Property Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
April 4, 2025 CO HB 25-1182 Requires Home Insurance Companies to Take into Account Wildfire Mitigation Work Done by Homeowners and Communities when Calculating a Property's Risk Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
April 4, 2025 ND HB 1258 Amends the Authority for Large Energy Developments Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 18)
April 3, 2025 SC H 3309 Authorizes Santee Cooper and Dominion Energy to Enter Into an Agreement to Build a Gas Powerplant Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 3)
April 3, 2025 FL SB 56 Prohibits Geo-Engineering and Weather Modification Activities Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
April 2, 2025 National H J Res 24 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In Freezers". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
April 2, 2025 ND HB 1470 Increases the Price for Hunting and Fishing Licenses Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 3)
April 2, 2025 OH SB 100 Exempts Nonprofit Agricultural Membership Organizations From Insurance Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
March 27, 2025 KY SB 89 Limits State Protections to Navigable Waters Veto Override Passed - Senate (29 - 8)
March 27, 2025 KY HB 346 Exempts Emergency Stationary Internal Combustion Engines" from the State's Assessed Emissions and Air Pollution Fees Veto Override Passed - Senate (32 - 6)
March 27, 2025 KY SB 245 Authorizes Fish and Wildlife Resources Commission Appointments Veto Override Passed - Senate (32 - 6)
March 26, 2025 IA SF 394 Increases Pesticide Liability Immunity Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 21)
March 25, 2025 National PN 12-28 Nomination of Martin Makary to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs in the Department of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 44)
March 25, 2025 ND HB 1332 Appropriates $30 Million for an Agriculture Incentive Program Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 3)
March 25, 2025 National PN 12-28 Nomination of Martin Makary to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs in the Department of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 44)
March 25, 2025 OR SB 777 Increases Compensation to Ranchers for Wolf Kills Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 1)
March 25, 2025 OR SB 777 Increases Compensation to Ranchers for Wolf Kills Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 1)
March 22, 2025 NM HB 113 Establishes the Animal Welfare Program and Trust Fund in New Mexico Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 1)
March 21, 2025 NM HB 137 Establishes the Strategic Water Supply Act Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 6)
March 20, 2025 NM HB 212 Establishes the Per- and Poly-Flouroalkyl Protection Act Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 3)
March 20, 2025 NM HB 295 Exempts Improvements on Land Owned by the New Mexico Renewable Energy Authority From Property Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
March 20, 2025 NM HB 128 Establishes a $20 Million Fund to Provide Grants for Solar Energy and Battery Storage for Tribal, Rural and Low-Income Schools, Municipalities and Counties Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 16)
March 20, 2025 NM HB 140 Defines Hazardous Waste as any Solid Waste or Combination of Solid Wastes that may Cause or Significantly Contribute to an Increase in Mortality or Illness Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 7)
March 19, 2025 KS HB 2107 Establishes a Process for State Residents to Recover Economic Damages from Wildfires and Other Fire-Related Events Caused by Electric Public Utilities Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 2)
March 19, 2025 KS HB 2107 Establishes a Process for State Residents to Recover Economic Damages from Wildfires and Other Fire-Related Events Caused by Electric Public Utilities Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 2)
March 19, 2025 TX SB 17 Increases Sanctions Against Foreign Entities from Purchasing Land in Texas Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 7)
March 19, 2025 OH SB 2 Increases Energy Generation and Improves State Electric Grid Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
March 19, 2025 TX SB 388 Requires 50% of New Energy Generating Capacity to be from a Dispatch Generator other than Battery Energy Storage Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 13)
March 19, 2025 AK SSCR 1 Repeals Executive Order for the Establishment of Agricultural Department Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (14 - 6)
March 14, 2025 KY HB 315 Prohibits Certain Hostile Foreign Entities from Acquiring Agricultural Land in Kentucky Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 2)
March 14, 2025 CO HB 25-1040 Defines Nuclear Energy as a Clean Energy Resource Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 5)
March 14, 2025 CO HB 25-1040 Defines Nuclear Energy as a Clean Energy Resource Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 5)
March 13, 2025 KY SB 89 Limits State Protections to Navigable Waters Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 7)
Date No. Title Outcome
4/12 HB 763 Increases the Base Hunting License Fee for All Nonresidents from $15 to $100 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (48 - 2)
4/10 H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
4/10 H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
4/09 H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
4/09 H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
4/09 HB 2203 Amends Current Groundwater Statutes in Arizona Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
4/09 HB 1656 Amends State Law Regarding Oil and Gas Production and Conservation Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
4/09 HB 2203 Amends Current Groundwater Statutes in Arizona Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
4/08 S 252 Establishes an Exotic Animal Sale and Ownership Ban Bill Passed - Senate (56 - 6)
4/08 S 197 Establishes Tucker's Law and Authorizes Certain Sentencing for Aggravated Animal Cruelty Bill Passed - Senate (61 - 1)
4/08 S 3026 Prohibits Surgical Devocalization Procedures on Dogs and Cats Bill Passed - Senate (62 - 0)
4/08 S 5014 Prohibits the Importation, Transportation, and Possession of Certain African Wildlife Species and Products Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 8)
4/08 S 3158 Establishes Animal Fighting as a Criminal Act Bill Passed - Senate (61 - 1)
4/08 S 3629 Prohibits the Use of Certain Animals in Traveling Animal Acts Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 10)
4/08 S 364 Prohibits Insurance Policy Restrictions Based on Owning Specific Dog Breeds Bill Passed - Senate (61 - 1)
4/07 HB 508 Exempts Capital Gains from State Income Tax Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
4/07 SF 608 Amends and Updates the Grain Indemnity Program Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 8)
4/04 HB 25-1113 Prohibits Local Governments from Allowing Nonfunctional Turf from being Installed as part of a New or Redeveloped Multifamily Residential Property Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
4/04 HB 25-1182 Requires Home Insurance Companies to Take into Account Wildfire Mitigation Work Done by Homeowners and Communities when Calculating a Property's Risk Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
4/04 HB 1258 Amends the Authority for Large Energy Developments Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 18)
4/03 H 3309 Authorizes Santee Cooper and Dominion Energy to Enter Into an Agreement to Build a Gas Powerplant Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 3)
4/03 SB 56 Prohibits Geo-Engineering and Weather Modification Activities Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
4/02 H J Res 24 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In Freezers". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
4/02 HB 1470 Increases the Price for Hunting and Fishing Licenses Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 3)
4/02 SB 100 Exempts Nonprofit Agricultural Membership Organizations From Insurance Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
3/27 SB 89 Limits State Protections to Navigable Waters Veto Override Passed - Senate (29 - 8)
3/27 HB 346 Exempts Emergency Stationary Internal Combustion Engines" from the State's Assessed Emissions and Air Pollution Fees Veto Override Passed - Senate (32 - 6)
3/27 SB 245 Authorizes Fish and Wildlife Resources Commission Appointments Veto Override Passed - Senate (32 - 6)
3/26 SF 394 Increases Pesticide Liability Immunity Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 21)
3/25 PN 12-28 Nomination of Martin Makary to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs in the Department of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 44)
3/25 HB 1332 Appropriates $30 Million for an Agriculture Incentive Program Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 3)
3/25 PN 12-28 Nomination of Martin Makary to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs in the Department of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 44)
3/25 SB 777 Increases Compensation to Ranchers for Wolf Kills Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 1)
3/25 SB 777 Increases Compensation to Ranchers for Wolf Kills Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 1)
3/22 HB 113 Establishes the Animal Welfare Program and Trust Fund in New Mexico Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 1)
3/21 HB 137 Establishes the Strategic Water Supply Act Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 6)
3/20 HB 212 Establishes the Per- and Poly-Flouroalkyl Protection Act Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 3)
3/20 HB 295 Exempts Improvements on Land Owned by the New Mexico Renewable Energy Authority From Property Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
3/20 HB 128 Establishes a $20 Million Fund to Provide Grants for Solar Energy and Battery Storage for Tribal, Rural and Low-Income Schools, Municipalities and Counties Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 16)
3/20 HB 140 Defines Hazardous Waste as any Solid Waste or Combination of Solid Wastes that may Cause or Significantly Contribute to an Increase in Mortality or Illness Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 7)
3/19 HB 2107 Establishes a Process for State Residents to Recover Economic Damages from Wildfires and Other Fire-Related Events Caused by Electric Public Utilities Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 2)
3/19 HB 2107 Establishes a Process for State Residents to Recover Economic Damages from Wildfires and Other Fire-Related Events Caused by Electric Public Utilities Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 2)
3/19 SB 17 Increases Sanctions Against Foreign Entities from Purchasing Land in Texas Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 7)
3/19 SB 2 Increases Energy Generation and Improves State Electric Grid Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
3/19 SB 388 Requires 50% of New Energy Generating Capacity to be from a Dispatch Generator other than Battery Energy Storage Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 13)
3/19 SSCR 1 Repeals Executive Order for the Establishment of Agricultural Department Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (14 - 6)
3/14 HB 315 Prohibits Certain Hostile Foreign Entities from Acquiring Agricultural Land in Kentucky Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 2)
3/14 HB 25-1040 Defines Nuclear Energy as a Clean Energy Resource Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 5)
3/14 HB 25-1040 Defines Nuclear Energy as a Clean Energy Resource Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 5)
3/13 SB 89 Limits State Protections to Navigable Waters Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 7)
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