Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Nov. 19, 2024 National HR 1449 Committing Leases for Energy Access Now (CLEAN) Act Bill Passed - House (244 - 171)
Nov. 14, 2024 National HR 8446 Critical Mineral Consistency Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (245 - 155)
Nov. 14, 2024 National HR 8446 Critical Mineral Consistency Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (245 - 155)
Nov. 14, 2024 National HR 7409 Harnessing Energy At Thermal Sources (HEATS) Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 181)
Nov. 13, 2024 PA HB 1210 Authorizes Animals to be Included in Protection from Abuse Orders Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 1)
Oct. 24, 2024 NC SB 743 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part II Conference Report Adopted - Senate (46 - 0)
Oct. 24, 2024 MA S 2967 Reduces Clean Energy Infrastructure Permitting Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (38 - 2)
Oct. 24, 2024 MA S 2967 Reduces Clean Energy Infrastructure Permitting Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (38 - 2)
Oct. 22, 2024 PA HB 1409 Expands the Fish and Boat Commission's Authority to Set License, Permit and Issuing Agent Fees Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 3)
Oct. 9, 2024 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
Oct. 9, 2024 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
Oct. 9, 2024 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - House (113 - 0)
Oct. 9, 2024 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - House (113 - 0)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV HB 208 Establishes a Comprehensive Radiation Control Act in West Virginia Concurrence Vote Passed - House (86 - 3)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV HB 208 Establishes a Comprehensive Radiation Control Act in West Virginia Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 5)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV SB 2032 Appropriates $10 Million to the Department of Agriculture for Agricultural Drought Relief Bill Passed - House (89 - 2)
Sept. 27, 2024 PA HB 1409 Expands the Fish and Boat Commission's Authority to Set License, Permit and Issuing Agent Fees Bill Passed - House (154 - 48)
Sept. 26, 2024 MI SB 366 Increases Natural Gas Safety Violation Fines to be in Line with Federal Amounts Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
Sept. 25, 2024 MI SB 817 Appropriates Funding for Outdoor Recreation from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (99 - 10)
Sept. 25, 2024 MI SB 817 Appropriates Funding for Outdoor Recreation from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (99 - 10)
Sept. 25, 2024 MI SB 817 Appropriates Funding for Outdoor Recreation from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (99 - 10)
Sept. 24, 2024 National PN 1342 Nomination of Michael Sfraga of Alaska to be Ambassador at Large for Arctic Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 36)
Sept. 24, 2024 National HR 7073 Next Generation Pipelines Research and Development Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 41)
Sept. 24, 2024 National HR 7073 Next Generation Pipelines Research and Development Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 41)
Sept. 24, 2024 National HR 8790 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (268 - 151)
Sept. 24, 2024 National HR 8790 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (268 - 151)
Sept. 20, 2024 National H J Res 136 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Multi-Pollutant Emissions Standards for Model Years 2027 and Later Light-Duty and Medium-Duty Vehicles". Joint Resolution Passed - House (215 - 191)
Sept. 11, 2024 National HR 9456 Protecting American Agriculture from Foreign Adversaries Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (269 - 149)
Aug. 31, 2024 CA SB 219 Authorizes the State Board to Contract with a Climate Reporting Organization to Carry out the Above Described Actions that the State Board Deems Appropriate Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 4)
Aug. 30, 2024 CA SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
Aug. 30, 2024 CA SB 1053 Amends Codes on Solid Waste and Specifies What Constitutes a Recycled Carryout Bag Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 8)
Aug. 30, 2024 CA SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
Aug. 29, 2024 CA AB 347 Establishes Restrictions on PFAS Substances Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 14)
Aug. 29, 2024 CA SB 1053 Amends Codes on Solid Waste and Specifies What Constitutes a Recycled Carryout Bag Bill Passed - House (56 - 7)
Aug. 29, 2024 CA SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Bill Passed - House (48 - 9)
Aug. 29, 2024 CA SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Bill Passed - House (48 - 9)
Aug. 28, 2024 CA AB 347 Establishes Restrictions on PFAS Substances Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
Aug. 27, 2024 CA AB 3265 Establishes the California Environmental Quality Act Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
Aug. 20, 2024 CA AB 1827 Establishes the Low-Water User Protection Act Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 9)
July 24, 2024 National HR 8998 Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2025 Bill Passed - House (210 - 205)
July 22, 2024 National HR 8812 Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (359 - 13)
July 17, 2024 MA S 2838 Authorizes and Streamlines State Clean Energy Infrastructure Construction Bill Passed - House (131 - 25)
July 17, 2024 MA S 2838 Authorizes and Streamlines State Clean Energy Infrastructure Construction Bill Passed - House (131 - 25)
July 11, 2024 PA HB 1540 Requires the Commission for Agricultural Education Excellence to Have Certain Members Concurrence Vote Passed - House (138 - 64)
July 11, 2024 PA SB 656 Amends and Restructures Taxes for Electric Vehicles Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (44 - 5)
July 11, 2024 PA HB 1889 Amends and Reforms Electronic Billing Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
July 10, 2024 PA SB 656 Amends and Restructures Taxes for Electric Vehicles Bill Passed - House (190 - 12)
July 9, 2024 National HR 7637 Refrigerator Freedom Act Bill Passed - House (212 - 192)
July 9, 2024 National HR 7700 Stop Unaffordable Dishwasher Standards Act Bill Passed - House (214 - 192)
July 8, 2024 PA HB 2241 Establishes a Disposal Protocol for Batteries To Encourage Recycling and Establishes Penalties for Improper Disposal Bill Passed - House (115 - 86)
Date No. Title Outcome
11/19 HR 1449 Committing Leases for Energy Access Now (CLEAN) Act Bill Passed - House (244 - 171)
11/14 HR 8446 Critical Mineral Consistency Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (245 - 155)
11/14 HR 8446 Critical Mineral Consistency Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (245 - 155)
11/14 HR 7409 Harnessing Energy At Thermal Sources (HEATS) Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 181)
11/13 HB 1210 Authorizes Animals to be Included in Protection from Abuse Orders Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 1)
10/24 SB 743 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part II Conference Report Adopted - Senate (46 - 0)
10/24 S 2967 Reduces Clean Energy Infrastructure Permitting Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (38 - 2)
10/24 S 2967 Reduces Clean Energy Infrastructure Permitting Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (38 - 2)
10/22 HB 1409 Expands the Fish and Boat Commission's Authority to Set License, Permit and Issuing Agent Fees Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 3)
10/09 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
10/09 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
10/09 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - House (113 - 0)
10/09 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - House (113 - 0)
10/08 HB 208 Establishes a Comprehensive Radiation Control Act in West Virginia Concurrence Vote Passed - House (86 - 3)
10/08 HB 208 Establishes a Comprehensive Radiation Control Act in West Virginia Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 5)
10/08 SB 2032 Appropriates $10 Million to the Department of Agriculture for Agricultural Drought Relief Bill Passed - House (89 - 2)
9/27 HB 1409 Expands the Fish and Boat Commission's Authority to Set License, Permit and Issuing Agent Fees Bill Passed - House (154 - 48)
9/26 SB 366 Increases Natural Gas Safety Violation Fines to be in Line with Federal Amounts Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
9/25 SB 817 Appropriates Funding for Outdoor Recreation from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (99 - 10)
9/25 SB 817 Appropriates Funding for Outdoor Recreation from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (99 - 10)
9/25 SB 817 Appropriates Funding for Outdoor Recreation from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (99 - 10)
9/24 PN 1342 Nomination of Michael Sfraga of Alaska to be Ambassador at Large for Arctic Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 36)
9/24 HR 7073 Next Generation Pipelines Research and Development Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 41)
9/24 HR 7073 Next Generation Pipelines Research and Development Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 41)
9/24 HR 8790 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (268 - 151)
9/24 HR 8790 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (268 - 151)
9/20 H J Res 136 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Multi-Pollutant Emissions Standards for Model Years 2027 and Later Light-Duty and Medium-Duty Vehicles". Joint Resolution Passed - House (215 - 191)
9/11 HR 9456 Protecting American Agriculture from Foreign Adversaries Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (269 - 149)
8/31 SB 219 Authorizes the State Board to Contract with a Climate Reporting Organization to Carry out the Above Described Actions that the State Board Deems Appropriate Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 4)
8/30 SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
8/30 SB 1053 Amends Codes on Solid Waste and Specifies What Constitutes a Recycled Carryout Bag Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 8)
8/30 SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
8/29 AB 347 Establishes Restrictions on PFAS Substances Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 14)
8/29 SB 1053 Amends Codes on Solid Waste and Specifies What Constitutes a Recycled Carryout Bag Bill Passed - House (56 - 7)
8/29 SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Bill Passed - House (48 - 9)
8/29 SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Bill Passed - House (48 - 9)
8/28 AB 347 Establishes Restrictions on PFAS Substances Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
8/27 AB 3265 Establishes the California Environmental Quality Act Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
8/20 AB 1827 Establishes the Low-Water User Protection Act Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 9)
7/24 HR 8998 Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2025 Bill Passed - House (210 - 205)
7/22 HR 8812 Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (359 - 13)
7/17 S 2838 Authorizes and Streamlines State Clean Energy Infrastructure Construction Bill Passed - House (131 - 25)
7/17 S 2838 Authorizes and Streamlines State Clean Energy Infrastructure Construction Bill Passed - House (131 - 25)
7/11 HB 1540 Requires the Commission for Agricultural Education Excellence to Have Certain Members Concurrence Vote Passed - House (138 - 64)
7/11 SB 656 Amends and Restructures Taxes for Electric Vehicles Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (44 - 5)
7/11 HB 1889 Amends and Reforms Electronic Billing Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
7/10 SB 656 Amends and Restructures Taxes for Electric Vehicles Bill Passed - House (190 - 12)
7/09 HR 7637 Refrigerator Freedom Act Bill Passed - House (212 - 192)
7/09 HR 7700 Stop Unaffordable Dishwasher Standards Act Bill Passed - House (214 - 192)
7/08 HB 2241 Establishes a Disposal Protocol for Batteries To Encourage Recycling and Establishes Penalties for Improper Disposal Bill Passed - House (115 - 86)

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