Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Feb. 10, 2025 AR SB 182 Requires Local Governments to Continue Operating Under Annual Appropriation Ordinances Until a New Ordinance is Adopted Bill Passed - House (92 - 0)
Feb. 7, 2025 AK SB 87 Prohibits a Lawmaker's Salaries from Automatic Inflation Adjustment Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 0)
Feb. 7, 2025 ID H 93 Establishes a Tax Credit for Individuals with Children in Homeschooling or Private Education Bill Passed - House (42 - 28)
Feb. 6, 2025 National PN 11-22 Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
Feb. 6, 2025 MA H 58 Appropriates Funding for the State's Family Shelter System and Reduces the Number of Families Served Bill Passed - House (126 - 26)
Feb. 6, 2025 KS SB 14 Appropriates Funding for a Continuous State Budget Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
Feb. 6, 2025 VT H 141 Amends Appropriations to the Vermont Housing and Conservation Board for Affordable Housing Production Bill Passed - House (87 - 51)
Feb. 5, 2025 National PN 11-22 Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
Feb. 5, 2025 AR SB 182 Requires Local Governments to Continue Operating Under Annual Appropriation Ordinances Until a New Ordinance is Adopted Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
Feb. 4, 2025 KY HB 1 Reduces State Income Tax Rates from 4% to 3.5% Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 3)
Feb. 4, 2025 WY SF 69 Establishes Property Tax Exemption for Single Family Homes Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 8)
Feb. 4, 2025 VA HB 2485 Establishes a Regulated and Taxed Cannabis Marketplace Bill Passed - House (53 - 46)
Feb. 3, 2025 CA SB 2 Appropriates $25 Million for the State Department of Justice to Pay for Legal Battles Involving the Federal Government Bill Passed - House (58 - 17)
Feb. 3, 2025 CA SB 1 Appropriates $25 Million to Defend Cases Against the State in California State Courts Bill Passed - House (58 - 17)
Feb. 3, 2025 National PN 11-22 Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
Feb. 3, 2025 AZ SB 1013 Requires Municipalities and Counties to Secure Two-Thirds Vote for Tax Increases Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
Feb. 3, 2025 ID H 40 Reduces the Personal and Corporate Income Tax Rate Bill Passed - House (63 - 7)
Jan. 30, 2025 IA HF 118 Amends the Monetary Limits of the National Guard Service Scholarship Program Bill Passed - House (99 - 0)
Jan. 28, 2025 DE SB 50 Amends and Reallocates Capital Funding to Existing Projects Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 0)
Jan. 23, 2025 CA SB 1 Appropriates $25 Million to Defend Cases Against the State in California State Courts Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
Jan. 23, 2025 CA SB 2 Appropriates $25 Million for the State Department of Justice to Pay for Legal Battles Involving the Federal Government Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
Jan. 23, 2025 WY HB 169 Reduces Residential Property Taxes by 50 Percent on $1 Million Valuations Bill Passed - House (40 - 20)
Jan. 23, 2025 CA SB 3 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief and Prevention Programs Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
Jan. 23, 2025 CA AB 4 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief Bill Passed - House (79 - 0)
Jan. 22, 2025 NY S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 24)
Jan. 16, 2025 MS HB 1 Repeals the State Income Tax, Reduces the State Grocery Tax, and Increases Sales and Gas Taxes Bill Passed - House (88 - 24)
Jan. 15, 2025 ND HB 1065 Amends Operation Prairie Dog Which Appropriates $250 Million in Oil and Gas Tax Revenue to Townships in Non-Oil-Producing Counties Bill Passed - House (90 - 3)
Jan. 15, 2025 National HR 33 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide special rules for the taxation of certain residents of Taiwan with income from sources within the United States Bill Passed - House (423 - 1)
Jan. 14, 2025 National HR 153 Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act Bill Passed - House (426 - 0)
Jan. 14, 2025 NJ A 1672 Extends and Expands the Senior Freeze Program to Include Disabled Railroad Workers Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
Jan. 14, 2025 NY S 757 Authorizes Local Social Services Districts to Use Child Care Block Grant Funds for the Presumptive Eligibility Period Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 0)
Jan. 13, 2025 National HR 152 Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 5)
Jan. 9, 2025 KY HB 1 Reduces State Income Tax Rates from 4% to 3.5% Bill Passed - House (90 - 7)
Dec. 21, 2024 National HR 82 Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (76 - 20)
Dec. 21, 2024 National HR 10545 American Relief Act, 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (85 - 11)
Dec. 20, 2024 National HR 10545 American Relief Act, 2025 Bill Passed - House (366 - 34)
Dec. 19, 2024 National HR 82 Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 Motion Agreed - Senate (73 - 23)
Dec. 19, 2024 National HR 10515 American Relief Act Bill Failed - House (174 - 235)
Dec. 18, 2024 OH HB 7 Appropriates Funding to Address State Infant Morality Rates Concurrence Vote Passed - House (82 - 8)
Dec. 18, 2024 National HR 82 Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 Cloture Invoked - Senate (73 - 27)
Dec. 18, 2024 OH HJR 8 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment to Ask Voters to Approve $2.5 Billion in Spending Over 10 Years Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
Dec. 10, 2024 MI SB 40 Expands Eligibility for State Unemployment Benefits to 26 Weeks Bill Passed - House (58 - 51)
Dec. 4, 2024 OH HB 683 Appropriates $10 Million from the State General Budget in Drought Relief for Farmers Bill Passed - House (87 - 4)
Dec. 4, 2024 OH HJR 8 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment to Ask Voters to Approve $2.5 Billion in Spending Over 10 Years Joint Resolution Passed - House (87 - 4)
Dec. 2, 2024 NC SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
Nov. 21, 2024 National HR 9495 Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 184)
Nov. 20, 2024 NC SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Conference Report Adopted - House (63 - 46)
Nov. 20, 2024 OH SJR 4 Establishes a Statewide Measure on the Ballot in May 2025 to Ask Voters to Approve the Issuance of an Additional $2.5 Billion Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
Nov. 13, 2024 LA HB 8 Authorizes Taxes on Digital Goods Like Netflix and Spotify Bill Passed - House (80 - 19)
Nov. 13, 2024 LA HB 9 Authorizes Additional Sales and Use Taxes on Certain Services Bill Passed - House (72 - 18)
Nov. 12, 2024 LA HB 3 Repeals the Corporation Franchise Tax Bill Passed - House (83 - 14)
Nov. 12, 2024 National HR 82 Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (327 - 75)
Nov. 12, 2024 National HR 9495 Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act Bill Failed - House (256 - 145)
Nov. 12, 2024 LA HB 1 Reduces Personal Income Tax Rates to 3% Bill Passed - House (87 - 12)
Nov. 12, 2024 LA HB 7 Authorizes a Constitutional Amendment to Repeal the Education Quality Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (81 - 15)
Oct. 30, 2024 MI HB 4361 Establishes a 1-Time Individual Tax Credit for Organ Donation Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 1)
Oct. 28, 2024 NJ A 4706 Amends Previous Tax Law to Reduce Property Tax Rates for Seniors 65 and Older Concurrence Vote Passed - House (73 - 1)
Oct. 28, 2024 NJ S 3838 Authorizes Director of Division of Pensions and Benefits to Initiate a Temporary Transfer of Funds in Certain Circumstances Bill Passed - House (54 - 13)
Oct. 28, 2024 NJ S 3838 Authorizes Director of Division of Pensions and Benefits to Initiate a Temporary Transfer of Funds in Certain Circumstances Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 12)
Oct. 24, 2024 NC SB 743 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part II Conference Report Adopted - Senate (46 - 0)
Oct. 22, 2024 PA HB 2625 Increases State Funding Transfers for Public Transportation Bill Passed - House (111 - 91)
Oct. 9, 2024 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
Oct. 9, 2024 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - House (113 - 0)
Oct. 9, 2024 PA SB 1051 Authorizes the Board of Finance and Revenue (BF&R) to Accept Late-Filed Tax Applications Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (47 - 2)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV SB 2031 Appropriates Funding to the School Building Authority and School Construction Fund Bill Passed - House (68 - 22)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV HB 244 Establishes a Limited Moratorium on New Municipal Fire Fees Imposed on Non-Municipal Residents Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 2)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV SB 2036 Amends appropriations to West Virginia Universities. Bill Passed - House (91 - 4)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV HB 226 Establishes a Child and Dependent Care Credit Against the Personal Income Tax Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 1)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV SB 2039 Amends Appropriations to Governor's Office and Civil Contingent Fund Bill Passed - House (83 - 11)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV SB 2032 Appropriates $10 Million to the Department of Agriculture for Agricultural Drought Relief Bill Passed - House (89 - 2)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV HB 244 Establishes a Limited Moratorium on New Municipal Fire Fees Imposed on Non-Municipal Residents Bill Passed - House (79 - 12)
Oct. 7, 2024 PA SB 765 Amends Borough Surcharges, Managers, and Organization of Civil Service Commissions Bill Passed - House (119 - 83)
Oct. 7, 2024 WV HB 226 Establishes a Child and Dependent Care Credit Against the Personal Income Tax Bill Passed - House (88 - 3)
Oct. 7, 2024 PA HB 2536 Requires Property Tax Freezes for Homeowners Bill Passed - House (202 - 0)
Oct. 6, 2024 WV SB 2031 Appropriates Funding to the School Building Authority and School Construction Fund Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 1)
Date No. Title Outcome
2/10 SB 182 Requires Local Governments to Continue Operating Under Annual Appropriation Ordinances Until a New Ordinance is Adopted Bill Passed - House (92 - 0)
2/07 SB 87 Prohibits a Lawmaker's Salaries from Automatic Inflation Adjustment Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 0)
2/07 H 93 Establishes a Tax Credit for Individuals with Children in Homeschooling or Private Education Bill Passed - House (42 - 28)
2/06 PN 11-22 Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
2/06 H 58 Appropriates Funding for the State's Family Shelter System and Reduces the Number of Families Served Bill Passed - House (126 - 26)
2/06 SB 14 Appropriates Funding for a Continuous State Budget Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
2/06 H 141 Amends Appropriations to the Vermont Housing and Conservation Board for Affordable Housing Production Bill Passed - House (87 - 51)
2/05 PN 11-22 Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
2/05 SB 182 Requires Local Governments to Continue Operating Under Annual Appropriation Ordinances Until a New Ordinance is Adopted Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
2/04 HB 1 Reduces State Income Tax Rates from 4% to 3.5% Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 3)
2/04 SF 69 Establishes Property Tax Exemption for Single Family Homes Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 8)
2/04 HB 2485 Establishes a Regulated and Taxed Cannabis Marketplace Bill Passed - House (53 - 46)
2/03 SB 2 Appropriates $25 Million for the State Department of Justice to Pay for Legal Battles Involving the Federal Government Bill Passed - House (58 - 17)
2/03 SB 1 Appropriates $25 Million to Defend Cases Against the State in California State Courts Bill Passed - House (58 - 17)
2/03 PN 11-22 Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
2/03 SB 1013 Requires Municipalities and Counties to Secure Two-Thirds Vote for Tax Increases Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
2/03 H 40 Reduces the Personal and Corporate Income Tax Rate Bill Passed - House (63 - 7)
1/30 HF 118 Amends the Monetary Limits of the National Guard Service Scholarship Program Bill Passed - House (99 - 0)
1/28 SB 50 Amends and Reallocates Capital Funding to Existing Projects Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 0)
1/23 SB 1 Appropriates $25 Million to Defend Cases Against the State in California State Courts Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
1/23 SB 2 Appropriates $25 Million for the State Department of Justice to Pay for Legal Battles Involving the Federal Government Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
1/23 HB 169 Reduces Residential Property Taxes by 50 Percent on $1 Million Valuations Bill Passed - House (40 - 20)
1/23 SB 3 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief and Prevention Programs Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
1/23 AB 4 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief Bill Passed - House (79 - 0)
1/22 S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 24)
1/16 HB 1 Repeals the State Income Tax, Reduces the State Grocery Tax, and Increases Sales and Gas Taxes Bill Passed - House (88 - 24)
1/15 HB 1065 Amends Operation Prairie Dog Which Appropriates $250 Million in Oil and Gas Tax Revenue to Townships in Non-Oil-Producing Counties Bill Passed - House (90 - 3)
1/15 HR 33 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide special rules for the taxation of certain residents of Taiwan with income from sources within the United States Bill Passed - House (423 - 1)
1/14 HR 153 Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act Bill Passed - House (426 - 0)
1/14 A 1672 Extends and Expands the Senior Freeze Program to Include Disabled Railroad Workers Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
1/14 S 757 Authorizes Local Social Services Districts to Use Child Care Block Grant Funds for the Presumptive Eligibility Period Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 0)
1/13 HR 152 Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 5)
1/09 HB 1 Reduces State Income Tax Rates from 4% to 3.5% Bill Passed - House (90 - 7)
12/21 HR 82 Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (76 - 20)
12/21 HR 10545 American Relief Act, 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (85 - 11)
12/20 HR 10545 American Relief Act, 2025 Bill Passed - House (366 - 34)
12/19 HR 82 Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 Motion Agreed - Senate (73 - 23)
12/19 HR 10515 American Relief Act Bill Failed - House (174 - 235)
12/18 HB 7 Appropriates Funding to Address State Infant Morality Rates Concurrence Vote Passed - House (82 - 8)
12/18 HR 82 Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 Cloture Invoked - Senate (73 - 27)
12/18 HJR 8 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment to Ask Voters to Approve $2.5 Billion in Spending Over 10 Years Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
12/10 SB 40 Expands Eligibility for State Unemployment Benefits to 26 Weeks Bill Passed - House (58 - 51)
12/04 HB 683 Appropriates $10 Million from the State General Budget in Drought Relief for Farmers Bill Passed - House (87 - 4)
12/04 HJR 8 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment to Ask Voters to Approve $2.5 Billion in Spending Over 10 Years Joint Resolution Passed - House (87 - 4)
12/02 SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
11/21 HR 9495 Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 184)
11/20 SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Conference Report Adopted - House (63 - 46)
11/20 SJR 4 Establishes a Statewide Measure on the Ballot in May 2025 to Ask Voters to Approve the Issuance of an Additional $2.5 Billion Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
11/13 HB 8 Authorizes Taxes on Digital Goods Like Netflix and Spotify Bill Passed - House (80 - 19)
11/13 HB 9 Authorizes Additional Sales and Use Taxes on Certain Services Bill Passed - House (72 - 18)
11/12 HB 3 Repeals the Corporation Franchise Tax Bill Passed - House (83 - 14)
11/12 HR 82 Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (327 - 75)
11/12 HR 9495 Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act Bill Failed - House (256 - 145)
11/12 HB 1 Reduces Personal Income Tax Rates to 3% Bill Passed - House (87 - 12)
11/12 HB 7 Authorizes a Constitutional Amendment to Repeal the Education Quality Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (81 - 15)
10/30 HB 4361 Establishes a 1-Time Individual Tax Credit for Organ Donation Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 1)
10/28 A 4706 Amends Previous Tax Law to Reduce Property Tax Rates for Seniors 65 and Older Concurrence Vote Passed - House (73 - 1)
10/28 S 3838 Authorizes Director of Division of Pensions and Benefits to Initiate a Temporary Transfer of Funds in Certain Circumstances Bill Passed - House (54 - 13)
10/28 S 3838 Authorizes Director of Division of Pensions and Benefits to Initiate a Temporary Transfer of Funds in Certain Circumstances Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 12)
10/24 SB 743 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part II Conference Report Adopted - Senate (46 - 0)
10/22 HB 2625 Increases State Funding Transfers for Public Transportation Bill Passed - House (111 - 91)
10/09 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
10/09 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - House (113 - 0)
10/09 SB 1051 Authorizes the Board of Finance and Revenue (BF&R) to Accept Late-Filed Tax Applications Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (47 - 2)
10/08 SB 2031 Appropriates Funding to the School Building Authority and School Construction Fund Bill Passed - House (68 - 22)
10/08 HB 244 Establishes a Limited Moratorium on New Municipal Fire Fees Imposed on Non-Municipal Residents Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 2)
10/08 SB 2036 Amends appropriations to West Virginia Universities. Bill Passed - House (91 - 4)
10/08 HB 226 Establishes a Child and Dependent Care Credit Against the Personal Income Tax Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 1)
10/08 SB 2039 Amends Appropriations to Governor's Office and Civil Contingent Fund Bill Passed - House (83 - 11)
10/08 SB 2032 Appropriates $10 Million to the Department of Agriculture for Agricultural Drought Relief Bill Passed - House (89 - 2)
10/08 HB 244 Establishes a Limited Moratorium on New Municipal Fire Fees Imposed on Non-Municipal Residents Bill Passed - House (79 - 12)
10/07 SB 765 Amends Borough Surcharges, Managers, and Organization of Civil Service Commissions Bill Passed - House (119 - 83)
10/07 HB 226 Establishes a Child and Dependent Care Credit Against the Personal Income Tax Bill Passed - House (88 - 3)
10/07 HB 2536 Requires Property Tax Freezes for Homeowners Bill Passed - House (202 - 0)
10/06 SB 2031 Appropriates Funding to the School Building Authority and School Construction Fund Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 1)

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