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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 29)
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (69 - 27)
Dec. 4, 2025 National H J Res 131 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision" Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 45)
Dec. 3, 2025 National S J Res 91 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision" Motion Agreed - Senate (49 - 47)
Nov. 19, 2025 National PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson (66 - 32)
Nov. 19, 2025 National S J Res 76 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Extension of Deadlines in Standards of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review Final Rule" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 51)
Nov. 19, 2025 OH SB 219 Amends Requirements for Plugging Orphaned Oil and Gas Wells Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 8)
Nov. 19, 2025 OH SB 219 Amends Requirements for Plugging Orphaned Oil and Gas Wells Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 8)
Nov. 18, 2025 National PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson Cloture Invoked - Senate (65 - 32)
Nov. 18, 2025 PA SB 1058 Amends Alternative Fuel Standards to Align with Federal Standards Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
Oct. 30, 2025 National S J Res 80 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 45)
Oct. 29, 2025 National S J Res 80 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (54 - 46)
Oct. 22, 2025 PA SB 1068 Repeals Pennsylvania's Participation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 17)
Oct. 8, 2025 National S J Res 71 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 51)
Oct. 3, 2025 MI HB 4182 Exempts the Storage, Use, or Consumption of Motor Fuel, Alternative Fuel, and Leaded Racing Fuel from Use Tax Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
Oct. 3, 2025 MI HB 4181 Repeals the Sales Tax on Gas and Airline Fuel Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
Oct. 3, 2025 MI HB 4182 Exempts the Storage, Use, or Consumption of Motor Fuel, Alternative Fuel, and Leaded Racing Fuel from Use Tax Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
Oct. 3, 2025 MI HB 4181 Repeals the Sales Tax on Gas and Airline Fuel Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
Sept. 13, 2025 CA SB 237 Authorizes Environmental Approvals for up to 2,000 New Wells Annually in Kern County Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
Sept. 13, 2025 CA AB 825 Establishes the Independent System Operator as a Regional Organization Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 0)
Sept. 12, 2025 CA SB 500 Authorizes Utilities to Provide Energy Use Data Via an Approved Alternative System or Tool Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (34 - 0)
Sept. 9, 2025 CA AB 1167 Requires Utility Regulators to Enforce Monetary Penalties on Investor-Owned Utility Companies Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
July 28, 2025 National PN 345-20 Nomination of David Wright to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 39)
July 28, 2025 National PN 345-20 Nomination of David Wright to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
July 9, 2025 National PN 12-20 Nomination of Preston Griffith to be Under Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
July 8, 2025 National PN 12-20 Nomination of Preston Griffith to be Under Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (47 - 41)
June 30, 2025 DE SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (15 - 6)
June 30, 2025 NJ S 4530 Requires The Board of Public Utilities to Revise Community Solar Program Targets Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (26 - 13)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 5563 Establishes a "Summer Termination Program" for Certain Utility Customers Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 14)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 5267 Requires the Board of Public Utilities to Establish an Incentive Program for the Development of Transmission-Scale Energy Storage Systems Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 14)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 5264 Requires the Establishment of an Automated Platform to Expedite Approval to Build Residential Solar Units Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
June 24, 2025 OR HB 2066 Authorizes the Use of Microgrids and Requires the Oregon Public Utilities Commission to Establish Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 3)
June 18, 2025 DE HB 164 Authorizes Fines and Fee Increases for the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) and the Department of Transportation (DelDOT). Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 4)
June 13, 2025 ME LD 1868 Authorizes the Maine the Public Utilities Commission to Coordinate with Other States in the Procurement of Transmission Capacity Resources and Specified Energy Credits "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - Senate (19 - 16)
June 12, 2025 NY S 8421 Amends Various Laws Relating to Consumer Utilities in New York Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 23)
June 10, 2025 NY S 8012 Amends the Valuation of Renewable Energy in New York Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 15)
June 10, 2025 DE SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Bill Passed - Senate (15 - 5)
June 4, 2025 CT HB 5004 Establishes a New Goal of Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statewide by 2050 Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 10)
June 4, 2025 CA SB 500 Authorizes Utilities to Provide Energy Use Data Via an Approved Alternative System or Tool Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
June 4, 2025 CA SB 254 Establishes the Policy-Oriented and Wildfire Electric Reimbursement (POWER) Program Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
June 2, 2025 ME LD 186 Authorizes the Maine Public Utilities Commission to Establish Time-of-Use Pricing for Standard-Offer Service "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 14)
June 2, 2025 CT SB 4 Authorizes Bonds to Pay for Public Benefits Charges Currently Included on Customers' Electric Bills Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 1)
May 28, 2025 OK HB 2752 Prohibits Renewable Energy Companies from Using Eminent Domain in Oklahoma Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 2)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 45)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 22, 2025 NV AB 96 Requires Municipalities to Include a Heat Mitigation Plan in Their Master Plans Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
May 15, 2025 WI SB 125 Requires the Public Service Commission to Conduct a Study to Determine Potential Sites for a Nuclear Power Plant Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
May 13, 2025 OR HB 3863 Requires the Public Utility Commission to set a Cap at No Less than 10 Megawatts for the Use of Standard Avoided Cost Rates Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 8)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
Date No. Title Outcome
12/17 PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 29)
12/17 PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (69 - 27)
12/04 H J Res 131 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision" Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 45)
12/03 S J Res 91 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision" Motion Agreed - Senate (49 - 47)
11/19 PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson (66 - 32)
11/19 S J Res 76 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Extension of Deadlines in Standards of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review Final Rule" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 51)
11/19 SB 219 Amends Requirements for Plugging Orphaned Oil and Gas Wells Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 8)
11/19 SB 219 Amends Requirements for Plugging Orphaned Oil and Gas Wells Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 8)
11/18 PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson Cloture Invoked - Senate (65 - 32)
11/18 SB 1058 Amends Alternative Fuel Standards to Align with Federal Standards Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
10/30 S J Res 80 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 45)
10/29 S J Res 80 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Integrated Activity Plan Record of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (54 - 46)
10/22 SB 1068 Repeals Pennsylvania's Participation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 17)
10/08 S J Res 71 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 51)
10/03 HB 4182 Exempts the Storage, Use, or Consumption of Motor Fuel, Alternative Fuel, and Leaded Racing Fuel from Use Tax Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
10/03 HB 4181 Repeals the Sales Tax on Gas and Airline Fuel Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
10/03 HB 4182 Exempts the Storage, Use, or Consumption of Motor Fuel, Alternative Fuel, and Leaded Racing Fuel from Use Tax Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
10/03 HB 4181 Repeals the Sales Tax on Gas and Airline Fuel Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
9/13 SB 237 Authorizes Environmental Approvals for up to 2,000 New Wells Annually in Kern County Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
9/13 AB 825 Establishes the Independent System Operator as a Regional Organization Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 0)
9/12 SB 500 Authorizes Utilities to Provide Energy Use Data Via an Approved Alternative System or Tool Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (34 - 0)
9/09 AB 1167 Requires Utility Regulators to Enforce Monetary Penalties on Investor-Owned Utility Companies Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
7/28 PN 345-20 Nomination of David Wright to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 39)
7/28 PN 345-20 Nomination of David Wright to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
7/09 PN 12-20 Nomination of Preston Griffith to be Under Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
7/08 PN 12-20 Nomination of Preston Griffith to be Under Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (47 - 41)
6/30 SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (15 - 6)
6/30 S 4530 Requires The Board of Public Utilities to Revise Community Solar Program Targets Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (26 - 13)
6/30 A 5563 Establishes a "Summer Termination Program" for Certain Utility Customers Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 14)
6/30 A 5267 Requires the Board of Public Utilities to Establish an Incentive Program for the Development of Transmission-Scale Energy Storage Systems Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 14)
6/30 A 5264 Requires the Establishment of an Automated Platform to Expedite Approval to Build Residential Solar Units Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
6/24 HB 2066 Authorizes the Use of Microgrids and Requires the Oregon Public Utilities Commission to Establish Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 3)
6/18 HB 164 Authorizes Fines and Fee Increases for the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC) and the Department of Transportation (DelDOT). Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 4)
6/13 LD 1868 Authorizes the Maine the Public Utilities Commission to Coordinate with Other States in the Procurement of Transmission Capacity Resources and Specified Energy Credits "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - Senate (19 - 16)
6/12 S 8421 Amends Various Laws Relating to Consumer Utilities in New York Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 23)
6/10 S 8012 Amends the Valuation of Renewable Energy in New York Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 15)
6/10 SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Bill Passed - Senate (15 - 5)
6/04 HB 5004 Establishes a New Goal of Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statewide by 2050 Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 10)
6/04 SB 500 Authorizes Utilities to Provide Energy Use Data Via an Approved Alternative System or Tool Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
6/04 SB 254 Establishes the Policy-Oriented and Wildfire Electric Reimbursement (POWER) Program Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
6/02 LD 186 Authorizes the Maine Public Utilities Commission to Establish Time-of-Use Pricing for Standard-Offer Service "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 14)
6/02 SB 4 Authorizes Bonds to Pay for Public Benefits Charges Currently Included on Customers' Electric Bills Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 1)
5/28 HB 2752 Prohibits Renewable Energy Companies from Using Eminent Domain in Oklahoma Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 2)
5/22 H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 45)
5/22 H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/22 AB 96 Requires Municipalities to Include a Heat Mitigation Plan in Their Master Plans Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
5/15 SB 125 Requires the Public Service Commission to Conduct a Study to Determine Potential Sites for a Nuclear Power Plant Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
5/13 HB 3863 Requires the Public Utility Commission to set a Cap at No Less than 10 Megawatts for the Use of Standard Avoided Cost Rates Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 8)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
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