Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Dec. 13, 2023 PA HB 301 Appropriates Millions for Various State Education Funding Costs Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (43 - 7)
Dec. 13, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (87 - 13)
Dec. 13, 2023 PA SB 843 Amends Various Education Regulations and Standards Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 5)
Dec. 13, 2023 PA HB 1284 Authorizes Speed Cameras on Philadelphia's Roosevelt Avenue and Expands the Program Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 3)
Dec. 13, 2023 OH HB 201 Prohibits Automobile Bans Based on Energy Source Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 8)
Dec. 13, 2023 OH HB 201 Prohibits Automobile Bans Based on Energy Source Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 8)
Dec. 12, 2023 National HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 15)
Dec. 11, 2023 NJ S 3044 Appropriates $15 Million to the DEP for Implementation of Electric School Bus Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 11)
Dec. 11, 2023 NJ S 3044 Appropriates $15 Million to the DEP for Implementation of Electric School Bus Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 11)
Dec. 6, 2023 National HR 815 A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to make certain improvements relating to the eligibility of veterans to receive reimbursement for emergency treatment furnished through the Veterans Community Care program, and for other purposes (RELIEVE Act) Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (49 - 51)
Nov. 20, 2023 CO SB 23B-001 Reduces State Property Taxes for 2023 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
Nov. 20, 2023 CO HB 23B-1003 Establishes a Task Force to Study and Develop Potential Long-Term "Permanent and Sustainable" Property Tax Plans Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
Nov. 20, 2023 CO HB 23B-1001 Appropriates $30 Million in Emergency Rental Assistance Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 12)
Nov. 15, 2023 National S J Res 43 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Bill Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
Nov. 15, 2023 National S J Res 43 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Bill Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
Nov. 14, 2023 National HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Tabled - Senate (51 - 48)
Nov. 14, 2023 WI AB 133 Amends Farmland Preservation Rules Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 2)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 4942 Transfers 2 Parcels of Land in Lansing to the Michigan House of Representatives Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
Nov. 8, 2023 IL HB 2473 Authorizes Construction of New Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 7)
Nov. 8, 2023 MI SB 271 Requires Consumers Energy and DTE Energy to Reach 80% Carbon-Free Electricity by 2035 and 100% by 2040 Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
Nov. 8, 2023 MI SB 273 Increases Energy-Efficiency Improvement Requirements of State Utilities from 1% to 1.5% Per Year Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
Nov. 8, 2023 MI HB 5120 Authorizes the Michigan Public Service Commission Power Over Clean-Energy Projects Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
Nov. 8, 2023 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 48)
Nov. 8, 2023 National S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 48)
Nov. 7, 2023 MI SB 474 Repeals Several Medically Unnecessary Abortion and Reproductive Health Care Restrictions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
Nov. 7, 2023 MI SB 476 Amends and Repeals Certain Late Term Abortion Restrictions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
Nov. 7, 2023 MI SB 477 Repeals Pregnant and Parenting Student Service Office Prohibitions for Abortion Referrals Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
Nov. 7, 2023 MI HB 4954 Amends the State School Aid Act of 1979 to Reflect Repealed Abortion Laws Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
Nov. 2, 2023 MI SB 174 Appropriates Supplemental Resources for School Aid Act Conference Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 18)
Nov. 2, 2023 MI HB 4984 Authorizes Individuals the Option to Decline Voter Registration on a Driver's License Application Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
Nov. 1, 2023 MI HB 4852 Establishes Manoomin (Wild Rice) as the Official Native Grain of Michigan Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
Nov. 1, 2023 National HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
Oct. 26, 2023 MI SB 502 Requires the Utilities Efficiency Program To Be Equitable, Reliable, and Affordable Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
Oct. 26, 2023 MI SB 530 Amends the State No-Fault Insurance Policy Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 14)
Oct. 24, 2023 PA SB 7 Authorizes Parents to Review Explicit materials in Schools Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 21)
Oct. 19, 2023 National S Res 417 A resolution standing with Israel against terrorism Resolution Passed - Senate (97 - 0)
Oct. 19, 2023 MI SB 531 Establishes Fee Schedules for Reimbursements to Health Care Providers Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 14)
Oct. 18, 2023 National S J Res 32 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
Oct. 17, 2023 WI SB 145 Increases Professional Autonomy for Nurses with Advanced Credentials Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
Oct. 12, 2023 TX SB 1 Establishes a School Choice Voucher Program Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
Oct. 11, 2023 MI SB 206 Prohibits Source of Income Discrimination for Residential Rental Accommodations Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
Oct. 11, 2023 MI SB 207 Prohibits Source of Income Discrimination for Rental Units Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
Oct. 11, 2023 MI SB 205 Prohibits Landlords from Discriminating Based on Source of Income Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
Oct. 4, 2023 MI SB 485 Requires The Social Welfare Act to Comply with the Prescription Drug Cost and Affordability Review Act Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
Oct. 4, 2023 MI SB 483 Establishes the Prescription Drug Affordability Board to Set State Drug Prices Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
Sept. 26, 2023 National HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
Sept. 20, 2023 PA HB 797 Requires the Department of Transportation Plant Vegetation Native to Pennsylvania Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 2)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA SB 525 Increases the Minimum Wage for Health Care Workers to $25 an Hour Starting in 2025 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 9)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA SB 43 Authorizes First Responders to Place Individuals Experiencing Homelessness With Severe Mental Illnesses into Treatment Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 0)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA AB 531 Appropriates $6.4 Billion in Bonds to Build Infrastructure for 10,000 New Behavioral Health Treatment Slots Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 2)
Date No. Title Outcome
12/13 HB 301 Appropriates Millions for Various State Education Funding Costs Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (43 - 7)
12/13 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (87 - 13)
12/13 SB 843 Amends Various Education Regulations and Standards Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 5)
12/13 HB 1284 Authorizes Speed Cameras on Philadelphia's Roosevelt Avenue and Expands the Program Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 3)
12/13 HB 201 Prohibits Automobile Bans Based on Energy Source Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 8)
12/13 HB 201 Prohibits Automobile Bans Based on Energy Source Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 8)
12/12 HR 2670 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 15)
12/11 S 3044 Appropriates $15 Million to the DEP for Implementation of Electric School Bus Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 11)
12/11 S 3044 Appropriates $15 Million to the DEP for Implementation of Electric School Bus Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 11)
12/06 HR 815 A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to make certain improvements relating to the eligibility of veterans to receive reimbursement for emergency treatment furnished through the Veterans Community Care program, and for other purposes (RELIEVE Act) Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (49 - 51)
11/20 SB 23B-001 Reduces State Property Taxes for 2023 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
11/20 HB 23B-1003 Establishes a Task Force to Study and Develop Potential Long-Term "Permanent and Sustainable" Property Tax Plans Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
11/20 HB 23B-1001 Appropriates $30 Million in Emergency Rental Assistance Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 12)
11/15 S J Res 43 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Bill Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
11/15 S J Res 43 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Bill Failed - Senate (49 - 50)
11/14 HR 6126 Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Tabled - Senate (51 - 48)
11/14 AB 133 Amends Farmland Preservation Rules Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 2)
11/09 HB 4942 Transfers 2 Parcels of Land in Lansing to the Michigan House of Representatives Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
11/08 HB 2473 Authorizes Construction of New Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 7)
11/08 SB 271 Requires Consumers Energy and DTE Energy to Reach 80% Carbon-Free Electricity by 2035 and 100% by 2040 Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
11/08 SB 273 Increases Energy-Efficiency Improvement Requirements of State Utilities from 1% to 1.5% Per Year Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
11/08 HB 5120 Authorizes the Michigan Public Service Commission Power Over Clean-Energy Projects Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
11/08 S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 48)
11/08 S J Res 38 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 48)
11/07 SB 474 Repeals Several Medically Unnecessary Abortion and Reproductive Health Care Restrictions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
11/07 SB 476 Amends and Repeals Certain Late Term Abortion Restrictions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
11/07 SB 477 Repeals Pregnant and Parenting Student Service Office Prohibitions for Abortion Referrals Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
11/07 HB 4954 Amends the State School Aid Act of 1979 to Reflect Repealed Abortion Laws Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
11/02 SB 174 Appropriates Supplemental Resources for School Aid Act Conference Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 18)
11/02 HB 4984 Authorizes Individuals the Option to Decline Voter Registration on a Driver's License Application Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
11/01 HB 4852 Establishes Manoomin (Wild Rice) as the Official Native Grain of Michigan Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
11/01 HR 4366 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
10/26 SB 502 Requires the Utilities Efficiency Program To Be Equitable, Reliable, and Affordable Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
10/26 SB 530 Amends the State No-Fault Insurance Policy Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 14)
10/24 SB 7 Authorizes Parents to Review Explicit materials in Schools Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 21)
10/19 S Res 417 A resolution standing with Israel against terrorism Resolution Passed - Senate (97 - 0)
10/19 SB 531 Establishes Fee Schedules for Reimbursements to Health Care Providers Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 14)
10/18 S J Res 32 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
10/17 SB 145 Increases Professional Autonomy for Nurses with Advanced Credentials Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
10/12 SB 1 Establishes a School Choice Voucher Program Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
10/11 SB 206 Prohibits Source of Income Discrimination for Residential Rental Accommodations Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
10/11 SB 207 Prohibits Source of Income Discrimination for Rental Units Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
10/11 SB 205 Prohibits Landlords from Discriminating Based on Source of Income Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
10/04 SB 485 Requires The Social Welfare Act to Comply with the Prescription Drug Cost and Affordability Review Act Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
10/04 SB 483 Establishes the Prescription Drug Affordability Board to Set State Drug Prices Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 17)
9/26 HR 3935 Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
9/20 HB 797 Requires the Department of Transportation Plant Vegetation Native to Pennsylvania Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 2)
9/14 SB 525 Increases the Minimum Wage for Health Care Workers to $25 an Hour Starting in 2025 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 9)
9/14 SB 43 Authorizes First Responders to Place Individuals Experiencing Homelessness With Severe Mental Illnesses into Treatment Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 0)
9/14 AB 531 Appropriates $6.4 Billion in Bonds to Build Infrastructure for 10,000 New Behavioral Health Treatment Slots Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 2)

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