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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
June 10, 2025 DE SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Bill Passed - Senate (15 - 5)
June 10, 2025 DE SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Bill Passed - Senate (15 - 5)
June 9, 2025 National PN 13-6 Nomination of David Fotouhi to be Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
June 8, 2025 LA HB 581 Prohibits the Outdoor Release of Lighter-Than-Air Balloons Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
June 8, 2025 LA HB 581 Prohibits the Outdoor Release of Lighter-Than-Air Balloons Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
June 8, 2025 LA HB 581 Prohibits the Outdoor Release of Lighter-Than-Air Balloons Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
June 4, 2025 CT HB 5004 Establishes a New Goal of Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statewide by 2050 Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 10)
June 4, 2025 CT HB 5004 Establishes a New Goal of Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statewide by 2050 Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 10)
June 4, 2025 CT HB 7231 Authorizes Sunday Hunting on Private Land Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 4)
June 4, 2025 CT HB 7231 Authorizes Sunday Hunting on Private Land Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 4)
June 4, 2025 CA SB 254 Establishes the Policy-Oriented and Wildfire Electric Reimbursement (POWER) Program Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
June 4, 2025 CA SB 254 Establishes the Policy-Oriented and Wildfire Electric Reimbursement (POWER) Program Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
June 4, 2025 CA SB 500 Authorizes Utilities to Provide Energy Use Data Via an Approved Alternative System or Tool Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
June 3, 2025 RI S 938 Establishes Green Crab Harvesting Rules and Commercial License Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
June 3, 2025 RI S 938 Establishes Green Crab Harvesting Rules and Commercial License Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
June 3, 2025 RI S 938 Establishes Green Crab Harvesting Rules and Commercial License Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
June 2, 2025 ME LD 186 Authorizes the Maine Public Utilities Commission to Establish Time-of-Use Pricing for Standard-Offer Service "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 14)
June 2, 2025 NV AB 381 Expands Protections and Penalties Related to Animal Cruelty and Rescue Situations Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
June 2, 2025 CA SB 831 Expands the Duties of the Department of Conservation to Review Geologic Hazards that May Occur in Relation to Climate Change Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 0)
June 2, 2025 CA SB 831 Expands the Duties of the Department of Conservation to Review Geologic Hazards that May Occur in Relation to Climate Change Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 0)
June 2, 2025 CT SB 4 Authorizes Bonds to Pay for Public Benefits Charges Currently Included on Customers' Electric Bills Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 1)
May 30, 2025 TX SB 17 Increases Sanctions Against Foreign Entities from Purchasing Land in Texas Conference Report Adopted - Senate (23 - 8)
May 29, 2025 IL HB 2987 Establishes the Warehouse Tornado Preparedness Act Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 2)
May 28, 2025 OK HB 2752 Prohibits Renewable Energy Companies from Using Eminent Domain in Oklahoma Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 2)
May 28, 2025 OH SB 152 Authorizes Wild Animal Rehabilitation Facilities to Administer Euthanasia Drugs Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
May 28, 2025 NY S 1464 Establishes Regulations Regarding Commercial Packaging and Recyclability Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 25)
May 27, 2025 OR SB 551 Prohibits All Plastic Bags at Checkout Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (22 - 8)
May 27, 2025 TX HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
May 27, 2025 TX HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (49 - 46)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 44)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 45)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 22, 2025 National H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 22, 2025 NV AB 96 Requires Municipalities to Include a Heat Mitigation Plan in Their Master Plans Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
May 22, 2025 NV AB 96 Requires Municipalities to Include a Heat Mitigation Plan in Their Master Plans Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
May 21, 2025 National H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
May 21, 2025 NV AB 244 Prohibits Chain Restaurants from Using Disposable Foam Containers Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 4)
May 21, 2025 NY S 187 Prohibits Products Containing Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl in New York Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 12)
May 15, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 15, 2025 WI SB 56 Authorizes Private Water Utilities to Access Federal Funds for Loan Forgiveness for the Replacement of Lead Service Lines Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 16)
May 15, 2025 WI SB 125 Requires the Public Service Commission to Conduct a Study to Determine Potential Sites for a Nuclear Power Plant Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
May 15, 2025 CT SB 9 Requires Flood Risk Disclosure and Strengthens Towns Against Rising Sea Levels Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
May 14, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
May 14, 2025 NE LB 246 Establishes the Nebraska Pure Food Act to Regulate Adulterated Food Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 11)
May 14, 2025 CT SB 1446 Establishes Increased Fines for Roaming Dogs Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 2)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
May 13, 2025 OR HB 3863 Requires the Public Utility Commission to set a Cap at No Less than 10 Megawatts for the Use of Standard Avoided Cost Rates Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 8)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
May 8, 2025 National H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 43)
Date No. Title Outcome
6/10 SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Bill Passed - Senate (15 - 5)
6/10 SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Bill Passed - Senate (15 - 5)
6/09 PN 13-6 Nomination of David Fotouhi to be Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
6/08 HB 581 Prohibits the Outdoor Release of Lighter-Than-Air Balloons Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
6/08 HB 581 Prohibits the Outdoor Release of Lighter-Than-Air Balloons Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
6/08 HB 581 Prohibits the Outdoor Release of Lighter-Than-Air Balloons Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 1)
6/04 HB 5004 Establishes a New Goal of Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statewide by 2050 Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 10)
6/04 HB 5004 Establishes a New Goal of Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statewide by 2050 Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 10)
6/04 HB 7231 Authorizes Sunday Hunting on Private Land Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 4)
6/04 HB 7231 Authorizes Sunday Hunting on Private Land Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 4)
6/04 SB 254 Establishes the Policy-Oriented and Wildfire Electric Reimbursement (POWER) Program Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
6/04 SB 254 Establishes the Policy-Oriented and Wildfire Electric Reimbursement (POWER) Program Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
6/04 SB 500 Authorizes Utilities to Provide Energy Use Data Via an Approved Alternative System or Tool Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
6/03 S 938 Establishes Green Crab Harvesting Rules and Commercial License Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
6/03 S 938 Establishes Green Crab Harvesting Rules and Commercial License Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
6/03 S 938 Establishes Green Crab Harvesting Rules and Commercial License Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
6/02 LD 186 Authorizes the Maine Public Utilities Commission to Establish Time-of-Use Pricing for Standard-Offer Service "Ought to Pass as Amended" Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 14)
6/02 AB 381 Expands Protections and Penalties Related to Animal Cruelty and Rescue Situations Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
6/02 SB 831 Expands the Duties of the Department of Conservation to Review Geologic Hazards that May Occur in Relation to Climate Change Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 0)
6/02 SB 831 Expands the Duties of the Department of Conservation to Review Geologic Hazards that May Occur in Relation to Climate Change Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 0)
6/02 SB 4 Authorizes Bonds to Pay for Public Benefits Charges Currently Included on Customers' Electric Bills Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 1)
5/30 SB 17 Increases Sanctions Against Foreign Entities from Purchasing Land in Texas Conference Report Adopted - Senate (23 - 8)
5/29 HB 2987 Establishes the Warehouse Tornado Preparedness Act Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 2)
5/28 HB 2752 Prohibits Renewable Energy Companies from Using Eminent Domain in Oklahoma Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 2)
5/28 SB 152 Authorizes Wild Animal Rehabilitation Facilities to Administer Euthanasia Drugs Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
5/28 S 1464 Establishes Regulations Regarding Commercial Packaging and Recyclability Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 25)
5/27 SB 551 Prohibits All Plastic Bags at Checkout Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (22 - 8)
5/27 HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
5/27 HB 1690 Authorizes Notice Requirements for Groundwater Transfer Permit Applications Across Conservation Districts Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 1)
5/22 H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (49 - 46)
5/22 H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 44)
5/22 H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (51 - 45)
5/22 H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/22 H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/22 AB 96 Requires Municipalities to Include a Heat Mitigation Plan in Their Master Plans Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
5/22 AB 96 Requires Municipalities to Include a Heat Mitigation Plan in Their Master Plans Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
5/21 H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
5/21 AB 244 Prohibits Chain Restaurants from Using Disposable Foam Containers Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 4)
5/21 S 187 Prohibits Products Containing Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl in New York Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 12)
5/15 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/15 SB 56 Authorizes Private Water Utilities to Access Federal Funds for Loan Forgiveness for the Replacement of Lead Service Lines Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 16)
5/15 SB 125 Requires the Public Service Commission to Conduct a Study to Determine Potential Sites for a Nuclear Power Plant Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
5/15 SB 9 Requires Flood Risk Disclosure and Strengthens Towns Against Rising Sea Levels Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
5/14 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
5/14 LB 246 Establishes the Nebraska Pure Food Act to Regulate Adulterated Food Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 11)
5/14 SB 1446 Establishes Increased Fines for Roaming Dogs Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 2)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
5/13 HB 3863 Requires the Public Utility Commission to set a Cap at No Less than 10 Megawatts for the Use of Standard Avoided Cost Rates Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 8)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
5/08 H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 43)
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