Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Aug. 5, 2026 National S J Res 187 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Modification to the Start of the Submission Period for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Reporting and Recordkeeping Under TSCA 8(a)(7)" Motion Rejected - Senate (48 - 50)
July 29, 2026 NC SB 445 Amends Various Municipal and Residential Development Regulations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (37 - 0)
July 29, 2026 NC SB 445 Amends Various Municipal and Residential Development Regulations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (37 - 0)
July 12, 2026 PA HB 2017 Expands Regulations on Nuclear Microreactors and Small Modular Reactors Bill Passed - Senate (46 - 4)
June 29, 2026 CA SB 172 Establishes the California Farm to School Program as a Permanent Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
June 25, 2026 CA AB 35 Appropriates $10 Billion for Projects for Safe Drinking Water, Wildfire Prevention, and the Clean Air Bond Act Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
June 23, 2026 NC HB 133 Prohibits Acquisition of Certain Lands by Foreign Adversaries Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 3)
June 9, 2026 PA SB 1313 Extends Resident Rates for Hunting Licenses to Pennsylvania Natives Living Out-of-State Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 1)
June 3, 2026 National S J Res 188 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units: Final Repeal" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 53)
May 28, 2026 NY S 8512 A Authorizes the Use of Portable Solar Generation Devices Without Utility Approval or Fees Bill Passed - Senate (59 - 1)
May 27, 2026 CA SB 1305 Requires the Department of Fish and Wildlife to Publish an Evaluation of the Possible Reintroduction of the Grizzly Bear Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 9)
May 26, 2026 RI S 2795 Prohibits the Sale of Rat Poison Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
May 26, 2026 RI S 2795 Prohibits the Sale of Rat Poison Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
May 22, 2026 CA SB 1135 Establishes the Wildlife Coexistence Program Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
May 8, 2026 CO HB 26-1342 Increases Penalties for Luring Wild Bears Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 11)
May 2, 2026 IA SF 2490 Establishes a Severance Tax for Certain Owners of Land that Contains Geological Hydrogen Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 11)
April 29, 2026 National S J Res 139 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Disapproval; Colorado; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 52)
April 16, 2026 National H J Res 140 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to Public Land Order No. 7917 for Withdrawal of Federal Lands; Cook, Lake, and Saint Louis Counties, MN Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
April 16, 2026 National H J Res 140 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to Public Land Order No. 7917 for Withdrawal of Federal Lands; Cook, Lake, and Saint Louis Counties, MN Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
April 8, 2026 AL SB 361 Establishes Requirements for the Wellbeing of Dogs Kept Outside Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 1)
March 25, 2026 National S J Res 107 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Beginning of Construction Requirements for Purposes of the Termination of Clean Electricity Production Credits and Clean Electricity Investment Credits for Applicable Wind and Solar Facilities" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 53)
March 24, 2026 IA HF 2527 Limits the Liability of Defendants for Damages Caused by Greenhouse Gas Emissions Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 13)
March 23, 2026 LA SB 244 Authorizes a Recreational Hunting Season for Alligators Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
March 19, 2026 MA S 3028 Establishes New Protections for Pets Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
March 18, 2026 CO HB 26-1031 Prohibits the Mislabeling of Colorado-Grown Agricultural Products Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 0)
Date No. Title Outcome
8/05 S J Res 187 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Modification to the Start of the Submission Period for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Reporting and Recordkeeping Under TSCA 8(a)(7)" Motion Rejected - Senate (48 - 50)
7/29 SB 445 Amends Various Municipal and Residential Development Regulations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (37 - 0)
7/29 SB 445 Amends Various Municipal and Residential Development Regulations Conference Report Adopted - Senate (37 - 0)
7/12 HB 2017 Expands Regulations on Nuclear Microreactors and Small Modular Reactors Bill Passed - Senate (46 - 4)
6/29 SB 172 Establishes the California Farm to School Program as a Permanent Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
6/25 AB 35 Appropriates $10 Billion for Projects for Safe Drinking Water, Wildfire Prevention, and the Clean Air Bond Act Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
6/23 HB 133 Prohibits Acquisition of Certain Lands by Foreign Adversaries Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 3)
6/09 SB 1313 Extends Resident Rates for Hunting Licenses to Pennsylvania Natives Living Out-of-State Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 1)
6/03 S J Res 188 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units: Final Repeal" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 53)
5/28 S 8512 A Authorizes the Use of Portable Solar Generation Devices Without Utility Approval or Fees Bill Passed - Senate (59 - 1)
5/27 SB 1305 Requires the Department of Fish and Wildlife to Publish an Evaluation of the Possible Reintroduction of the Grizzly Bear Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 9)
5/26 S 2795 Prohibits the Sale of Rat Poison Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
5/26 S 2795 Prohibits the Sale of Rat Poison Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
5/22 SB 1135 Establishes the Wildlife Coexistence Program Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
5/08 HB 26-1342 Increases Penalties for Luring Wild Bears Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 11)
5/02 SF 2490 Establishes a Severance Tax for Certain Owners of Land that Contains Geological Hydrogen Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 11)
4/29 S J Res 139 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Disapproval; Colorado; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 52)
4/16 H J Res 140 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to Public Land Order No. 7917 for Withdrawal of Federal Lands; Cook, Lake, and Saint Louis Counties, MN Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
4/16 H J Res 140 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to Public Land Order No. 7917 for Withdrawal of Federal Lands; Cook, Lake, and Saint Louis Counties, MN Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 49)
4/08 SB 361 Establishes Requirements for the Wellbeing of Dogs Kept Outside Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 1)
3/25 S J Res 107 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Beginning of Construction Requirements for Purposes of the Termination of Clean Electricity Production Credits and Clean Electricity Investment Credits for Applicable Wind and Solar Facilities" Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 53)
3/24 HF 2527 Limits the Liability of Defendants for Damages Caused by Greenhouse Gas Emissions Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 13)
3/23 SB 244 Authorizes a Recreational Hunting Season for Alligators Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
3/19 S 3028 Establishes New Protections for Pets Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
3/18 HB 26-1031 Prohibits the Mislabeling of Colorado-Grown Agricultural Products Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 0)

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