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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Jan. 29, 2025 National PN 11-23 Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 42)
Jan. 29, 2025 National PN 11-23 Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 42)
Jan. 29, 2025 ND SB 2137 Authorizes Hunters to Bait Deer on Private Property Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 15)
Jan. 28, 2025 MS HB 816 Requires Mandatory Harvest Reporting of Deer Bill Passed - House (79 - 29)
Jan. 28, 2025 MS HB 553 Establishes a State Stamp or Permit to Hunt Wild Turkeys Bill Passed - House (103 - 12)
Jan. 27, 2025 SD HB 1052 Prohibits the Use of Eminent Domain for Carbon Dioxide Pipelines Bill Passed - House (49 - 19)
Jan. 23, 2025 CA SB 3 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief and Prevention Programs Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
Jan. 23, 2025 VA HB 1601 Requires Sound Profiling and Reports Regarding Electrical Information Infrastructure from Data Center Applicants and Utilities in Virginia Bill Passed - House (57 - 40)
Jan. 23, 2025 National HR 471 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (279 - 141)
Jan. 23, 2025 National HR 471 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (279 - 141)
Jan. 23, 2025 National HR 375 Continued Rapid Ohia Death Response Act Bill Passed - House (359 - 62)
Jan. 23, 2025 National HR 375 Continued Rapid Ohia Death Response Act Bill Passed - House (359 - 62)
Jan. 23, 2025 CA AB 4 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief Bill Passed - House (79 - 0)
Jan. 22, 2025 NY A 417 Expands State Agriculture Law to Include Cannabis Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 2)
Jan. 22, 2025 NY S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 24)
Jan. 21, 2025 NY A 417 Expands State Agriculture Law to Include Cannabis Bill Passed - House (134 - 13)
Jan. 21, 2025 National HR 187 MAPWaters Act Bill Passed - House (413 - 0)
Jan. 15, 2025 National HR 164 Promoting Opportunities to Widen Electrical Resilience (POWER) Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (419 - 2)
Jan. 15, 2025 National HR 164 Promoting Opportunities to Widen Electrical Resilience (POWER) Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (419 - 2)
Jan. 14, 2025 National HR 153 Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act Bill Passed - House (426 - 0)
Jan. 13, 2025 National HR 152 Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 5)
Jan. 7, 2025 IL HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 39)
Jan. 7, 2025 IL HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 39)
Jan. 6, 2025 IL HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
Jan. 6, 2025 IL HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
Dec. 19, 2024 NJ A 4603 Authorizes Commercial Farmers to be Awarded Legal Fees for Defending Against Bad Faith Complaints Bill Passed - House (73 - 0)
Dec. 18, 2024 National HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (85 - 14)
Dec. 18, 2024 National HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (85 - 14)
Dec. 18, 2024 National S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
Dec. 18, 2024 National S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
Dec. 18, 2024 National S 759 Beagle Brigade Act Bill Passed - House (381 - 20)
Dec. 16, 2024 National HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (83 - 12)
Dec. 16, 2024 National HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (83 - 12)
Dec. 12, 2024 National PN 1980 Nomination of Matthew James Marzano, of Illinois, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the term of five years expiring June 30, 2028 Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
Dec. 11, 2024 National HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (281 - 140)
Dec. 11, 2024 National HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (281 - 140)
Dec. 11, 2024 OH HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Concurrence Vote Passed - House (65 - 26)
Dec. 11, 2024 OH HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Concurrence Vote Passed - House (65 - 26)
Dec. 11, 2024 OH HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
Dec. 11, 2024 OH HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
Dec. 10, 2024 National S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (399 - 18)
Dec. 10, 2024 National S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (399 - 18)
Dec. 10, 2024 National HR 7673 Liberty in Laundry Act Bill Passed - House (215 - 200)
Dec. 4, 2024 National HR 390 Maurice D. Hinchey Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area Enhancement Act Bill Passed - House (378 - 16)
Dec. 4, 2024 OH HB 683 Appropriates $10 Million from the State General Budget in Drought Relief for Farmers Bill Passed - House (87 - 4)
Dec. 3, 2024 National S 3791 America's Conservation Enhancement Reauthorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 21)
Dec. 3, 2024 National S 3791 America's Conservation Enhancement Reauthorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 21)
Dec. 2, 2024 NC SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
Nov. 20, 2024 NC SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Conference Report Adopted - House (63 - 46)
Nov. 19, 2024 National HR 1449 Committing Leases for Energy Access Now (CLEAN) Act Bill Passed - House (244 - 171)
Nov. 19, 2024 National HR 1449 Committing Leases for Energy Access Now (CLEAN) Act Bill Passed - House (244 - 171)
Nov. 14, 2024 National HR 7409 Harnessing Energy At Thermal Sources (HEATS) Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 181)
Nov. 14, 2024 National HR 8446 Critical Mineral Consistency Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (245 - 155)
Nov. 14, 2024 National HR 8446 Critical Mineral Consistency Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (245 - 155)
Nov. 13, 2024 PA HB 1210 Authorizes Animals to be Included in Protection from Abuse Orders Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 1)
Oct. 24, 2024 NC SB 743 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part II Conference Report Adopted - Senate (46 - 0)
Oct. 24, 2024 MA S 2967 Reduces Clean Energy Infrastructure Permitting Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (38 - 2)
Oct. 24, 2024 MA S 2967 Reduces Clean Energy Infrastructure Permitting Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (38 - 2)
Oct. 22, 2024 PA HB 1409 Expands the Fish and Boat Commission's Authority to Set License, Permit and Issuing Agent Fees Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 3)
Oct. 9, 2024 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
Oct. 9, 2024 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
Oct. 9, 2024 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - House (113 - 0)
Oct. 9, 2024 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - House (113 - 0)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV HB 208 Establishes a Comprehensive Radiation Control Act in West Virginia Concurrence Vote Passed - House (86 - 3)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV HB 208 Establishes a Comprehensive Radiation Control Act in West Virginia Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 5)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV SB 2032 Appropriates $10 Million to the Department of Agriculture for Agricultural Drought Relief Bill Passed - House (89 - 2)
Sept. 27, 2024 PA HB 1409 Expands the Fish and Boat Commission's Authority to Set License, Permit and Issuing Agent Fees Bill Passed - House (154 - 48)
Sept. 26, 2024 MI SB 366 Increases Natural Gas Safety Violation Fines to be in Line with Federal Amounts Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
Sept. 25, 2024 MI SB 817 Appropriates Funding for Outdoor Recreation from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (99 - 10)
Sept. 25, 2024 MI SB 817 Appropriates Funding for Outdoor Recreation from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (99 - 10)
Sept. 25, 2024 MI SB 817 Appropriates Funding for Outdoor Recreation from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (99 - 10)
Sept. 24, 2024 National PN 1342 Nomination of Michael Sfraga of Alaska to be Ambassador at Large for Arctic Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 36)
Sept. 24, 2024 National HR 8790 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (268 - 151)
Sept. 24, 2024 National HR 7073 Next Generation Pipelines Research and Development Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 41)
Sept. 24, 2024 National HR 7073 Next Generation Pipelines Research and Development Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 41)
Date No. Title Outcome
1/29 PN 11-23 Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 42)
1/29 PN 11-23 Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 42)
1/29 SB 2137 Authorizes Hunters to Bait Deer on Private Property Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 15)
1/28 HB 816 Requires Mandatory Harvest Reporting of Deer Bill Passed - House (79 - 29)
1/28 HB 553 Establishes a State Stamp or Permit to Hunt Wild Turkeys Bill Passed - House (103 - 12)
1/27 HB 1052 Prohibits the Use of Eminent Domain for Carbon Dioxide Pipelines Bill Passed - House (49 - 19)
1/23 SB 3 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief and Prevention Programs Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
1/23 HB 1601 Requires Sound Profiling and Reports Regarding Electrical Information Infrastructure from Data Center Applicants and Utilities in Virginia Bill Passed - House (57 - 40)
1/23 HR 471 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (279 - 141)
1/23 HR 471 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (279 - 141)
1/23 HR 375 Continued Rapid Ohia Death Response Act Bill Passed - House (359 - 62)
1/23 HR 375 Continued Rapid Ohia Death Response Act Bill Passed - House (359 - 62)
1/23 AB 4 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief Bill Passed - House (79 - 0)
1/22 A 417 Expands State Agriculture Law to Include Cannabis Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 2)
1/22 S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 24)
1/21 A 417 Expands State Agriculture Law to Include Cannabis Bill Passed - House (134 - 13)
1/21 HR 187 MAPWaters Act Bill Passed - House (413 - 0)
1/15 HR 164 Promoting Opportunities to Widen Electrical Resilience (POWER) Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (419 - 2)
1/15 HR 164 Promoting Opportunities to Widen Electrical Resilience (POWER) Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (419 - 2)
1/14 HR 153 Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act Bill Passed - House (426 - 0)
1/13 HR 152 Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 5)
1/07 HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 39)
1/07 HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 39)
1/06 HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
1/06 HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
12/19 A 4603 Authorizes Commercial Farmers to be Awarded Legal Fees for Defending Against Bad Faith Complaints Bill Passed - House (73 - 0)
12/18 HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (85 - 14)
12/18 HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (85 - 14)
12/18 S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
12/18 S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
12/18 S 759 Beagle Brigade Act Bill Passed - House (381 - 20)
12/16 HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (83 - 12)
12/16 HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (83 - 12)
12/12 PN 1980 Nomination of Matthew James Marzano, of Illinois, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the term of five years expiring June 30, 2028 Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
12/11 HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (281 - 140)
12/11 HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (281 - 140)
12/11 HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Concurrence Vote Passed - House (65 - 26)
12/11 HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Concurrence Vote Passed - House (65 - 26)
12/11 HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
12/11 HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
12/10 S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (399 - 18)
12/10 S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (399 - 18)
12/10 HR 7673 Liberty in Laundry Act Bill Passed - House (215 - 200)
12/04 HR 390 Maurice D. Hinchey Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area Enhancement Act Bill Passed - House (378 - 16)
12/04 HB 683 Appropriates $10 Million from the State General Budget in Drought Relief for Farmers Bill Passed - House (87 - 4)
12/03 S 3791 America's Conservation Enhancement Reauthorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 21)
12/03 S 3791 America's Conservation Enhancement Reauthorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 21)
12/02 SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
11/20 SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Conference Report Adopted - House (63 - 46)
11/19 HR 1449 Committing Leases for Energy Access Now (CLEAN) Act Bill Passed - House (244 - 171)
11/19 HR 1449 Committing Leases for Energy Access Now (CLEAN) Act Bill Passed - House (244 - 171)
11/14 HR 7409 Harnessing Energy At Thermal Sources (HEATS) Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 181)
11/14 HR 8446 Critical Mineral Consistency Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (245 - 155)
11/14 HR 8446 Critical Mineral Consistency Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (245 - 155)
11/13 HB 1210 Authorizes Animals to be Included in Protection from Abuse Orders Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 1)
10/24 SB 743 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part II Conference Report Adopted - Senate (46 - 0)
10/24 S 2967 Reduces Clean Energy Infrastructure Permitting Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (38 - 2)
10/24 S 2967 Reduces Clean Energy Infrastructure Permitting Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (38 - 2)
10/22 HB 1409 Expands the Fish and Boat Commission's Authority to Set License, Permit and Issuing Agent Fees Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 3)
10/09 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
10/09 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
10/09 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - House (113 - 0)
10/09 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - House (113 - 0)
10/08 HB 208 Establishes a Comprehensive Radiation Control Act in West Virginia Concurrence Vote Passed - House (86 - 3)
10/08 HB 208 Establishes a Comprehensive Radiation Control Act in West Virginia Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 5)
10/08 SB 2032 Appropriates $10 Million to the Department of Agriculture for Agricultural Drought Relief Bill Passed - House (89 - 2)
9/27 HB 1409 Expands the Fish and Boat Commission's Authority to Set License, Permit and Issuing Agent Fees Bill Passed - House (154 - 48)
9/26 SB 366 Increases Natural Gas Safety Violation Fines to be in Line with Federal Amounts Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
9/25 SB 817 Appropriates Funding for Outdoor Recreation from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (99 - 10)
9/25 SB 817 Appropriates Funding for Outdoor Recreation from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (99 - 10)
9/25 SB 817 Appropriates Funding for Outdoor Recreation from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Bill Passed - House (99 - 10)
9/24 PN 1342 Nomination of Michael Sfraga of Alaska to be Ambassador at Large for Arctic Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 36)
9/24 HR 8790 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (268 - 151)
9/24 HR 7073 Next Generation Pipelines Research and Development Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 41)
9/24 HR 7073 Next Generation Pipelines Research and Development Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 41)
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