Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
March 29, 2025 WA SB 5801 Increases Annually the State Gas Tax Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 18)
March 28, 2025 CO HB 25-1005 Establishes a $34 Million Filming Tax Credit Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
March 27, 2025 KS HCR 5011 Requires Property Values be Based on the Lesser of the Fair Market Value or the Average Fair Market Value Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 13)
March 27, 2025 KS SB 125 Appropriates Funding for Various State Spending Plans Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 16)
March 26, 2025 KS SB 227 Increases the Tax Credit for the Redevelopment of Historic Structures Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 9)
March 25, 2025 ND HB 1332 Appropriates $30 Million for an Agriculture Incentive Program Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 3)
March 25, 2025 National PN 12-3 Nomination of James Bishop to be Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
March 25, 2025 OK SB 304 Amends and Replaces Oklahoma's Graduated Bracket System for Individual Income Taxes with a 4.75% Flat Tax Starting in 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 1)
March 22, 2025 NM HB 113 Establishes the Animal Welfare Program and Trust Fund in New Mexico Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 1)
March 20, 2025 GA HB 111 Establishes a Flat 5.19% Income Tax Rate Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 23)
March 20, 2025 NM HB 295 Exempts Improvements on Land Owned by the New Mexico Renewable Energy Authority From Property Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
March 20, 2025 NM HB 14 Establishes an Earned Income Tax Credit Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 1)
March 20, 2025 ME LD 609 Appropriates $11.3 Billion Funding for the Fiscal Year 2025-2027 State Budget Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 17)
March 20, 2025 KS HB 2222 Requires Ignition Interlock Device Manufacturers to Pay Fees to the State for Administration of the Ignition Interlock Program Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 2)
March 19, 2025 KS SB 14 Appropriates Funding for a Continuous State Budget Conference Report Adopted - Senate (31 - 9)
March 19, 2025 NM HB 2 Appropriates Funds for the 2025-2026 State General Budget Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 16)
March 19, 2025 TX SB 19 Prohibits Texas Public Tax Funds from Being Used in Lobbying or Other Activities Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 11)
March 18, 2025 KS HB 2007 Appropriates Funding for the Fiscal Year 2025-2027 State Budget Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 12)
March 18, 2025 MS HB 1 Repeals the State Income Tax, Reduces the State Grocery Tax, and Increases Sales and Gas Taxes Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 16)
March 14, 2025 KY HB 775 Amends Various Changes to the State's Tax Laws Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 5)
March 14, 2025 National HR 1968 Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 46)
March 14, 2025 MD SB 587 Establishes Commission to Consider Reparations for Slavery Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 13)
March 13, 2025 AZ SB 1472 Requires School Districts Appropriate Funding for the Next 3 State Fiscal Years Instead of One Year Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
March 12, 2025 WA SB 5263 Repeals the State Special Education Funding Cap Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 0)
March 11, 2025 WA SB 5576 Authorizes New Excise Tax of 4% on Short-Term Rental Properties Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 21)
March 8, 2025 NM SB 169 Appropriates $24 Million for Preparing Sites for Business Development Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 2)
March 6, 2025 TX SB 72 Establishes New Regulations for Rental Cars Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 0)
March 6, 2025 TX SB 72 Establishes New Regulations for Rental Cars Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 0)
March 6, 2025 NE LB 609 Establishes State Cryptocurrency Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 0)
March 5, 2025 CT SB 1453 Appropriates $2.8 Million to Support Certain LGBTQ+ Nonprofit Organizations and Planned Parenthood Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 10)
March 5, 2025 ID H 231 Increases the Annual Grocery Tax Credit to $155 Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 3)
March 5, 2025 CT HB 7163 Appropriates and Restores $40 Million for Special Education Funding Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
March 5, 2025 ID H 231 Increases the Annual Grocery Tax Credit to $155 Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 3)
March 4, 2025 ID H 40 Reduces the Personal and Corporate Income Tax Rate Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 8)
March 4, 2025 AZ SB 1694 Exempts Community Colleges and Public Universities in Arizona from Receiving State Funding if they Offered Courses on Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 11)
March 3, 2025 AZ SB 1294 Authorizes the Leasing of Former State Prison in Marana, Arizona to the Federal Government or a Private Contractor. Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 11)
Feb. 28, 2025 WY HB 316 Establishes a Committee Dedicated to Recalibrating the Education Resource Block Grant Model Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
Feb. 28, 2025 MT SB 90 Amends and Redistributes Certain State Tax Revenue to Primary Residence Property Tax Relief Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 7)
Feb. 27, 2025 WY SF 69 Establishes Property Tax Exemption for Single Family Homes Conference Report Adopted - Senate (26 - 3)
Feb. 27, 2025 HI SB 222 Appropriates Funding for the Illegal Fireworks Task Force and Extends the Sunset Date to 2030 Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 2)
Feb. 26, 2025 AZ SB 1464 Requires the Arizona Department of Revenue to Notify the State Legislature of Tax Laws that Adversely Impact Residents Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
Feb. 25, 2025 CT HB 7067 Amends State Sale and Tax Law Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 0)
Feb. 25, 2025 NJ S 364 Authorizes Fusion Energy Projects to Receive Funding from the Clean Energy Fund Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
Feb. 24, 2025 MS SB 3095 Increases State Infrastructure Funding Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 15)
Feb. 24, 2025 TN SB 320 Reduces the Population Mandate for a County Selling Alcohol at a Stadium Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 3)
Feb. 22, 2025 NM SB 23 Increases Top Oil And Gas Royalty Rates On State Lands Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
Feb. 21, 2025 National S Con Res 7 An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
Feb. 19, 2025 ID H 93 Establishes a Tax Credit for Individuals with Children in Homeschooling or Private Education Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
Feb. 19, 2025 TX SB 40 Amends Bail Bonds and Prohibits the Use of Public Tax Funds to Pay Bail Bonds Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 3)
Feb. 18, 2025 National S Con Res 7 An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
Feb. 18, 2025 SD SB 219 Requires Schools to Take Cash as Payment for School Events Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 16)
Feb. 14, 2025 NM SB 2 Appropriates $200 Million to Expand Regional Behavioral Health Services Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 4)
Feb. 13, 2025 TX SB 4 Increases State Homestead Exemption on School District Taxes Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 0)
Feb. 12, 2025 VA HB 2485 Establishes a Regulated and Taxed Cannabis Marketplace Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 18)
Feb. 12, 2025 MA H 58 Appropriates Funding for the State's Family Shelter System and Reduces the Number of Families Served Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 6)
Feb. 12, 2025 GA SB 47 Establishes Annual 11-day Sales Tax Holiday for Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 21)
Feb. 11, 2025 ND SB 2004 Appropriates $250,000 to the Ethics Commission for a Fourth Staff Member Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 21)
Feb. 7, 2025 AK SB 87 Prohibits a Lawmaker's Salaries from Automatic Inflation Adjustment Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 0)
Feb. 6, 2025 National PN 11-22 Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
Feb. 6, 2025 KS SB 14 Appropriates Funding for a Continuous State Budget Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
Feb. 5, 2025 National PN 11-22 Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
Feb. 5, 2025 AR SB 182 Requires Local Governments to Continue Operating Under Annual Appropriation Ordinances Until a New Ordinance is Adopted Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
Feb. 4, 2025 KY HB 1 Reduces State Income Tax Rates from 4% to 3.5% Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 3)
Feb. 4, 2025 WY SF 69 Establishes Property Tax Exemption for Single Family Homes Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 8)
Feb. 3, 2025 National PN 11-22 Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
Feb. 3, 2025 AZ SB 1013 Requires Municipalities and Counties to Secure Two-Thirds Vote for Tax Increases Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
Jan. 28, 2025 DE SB 50 Amends and Reallocates Capital Funding to Existing Projects Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 0)
Jan. 23, 2025 CA SB 1 Appropriates $25 Million to Defend Cases Against the State in California State Courts Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
Jan. 23, 2025 CA SB 2 Appropriates $25 Million for the State Department of Justice to Pay for Legal Battles Involving the Federal Government Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
Jan. 23, 2025 CA SB 3 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief and Prevention Programs Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
Jan. 22, 2025 NY S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 24)
Jan. 14, 2025 NJ A 1672 Extends and Expands the Senior Freeze Program to Include Disabled Railroad Workers Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
Jan. 14, 2025 NY S 757 Authorizes Local Social Services Districts to Use Child Care Block Grant Funds for the Presumptive Eligibility Period Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 0)
Dec. 21, 2024 National HR 82 Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (76 - 20)
Dec. 21, 2024 National HR 10545 American Relief Act, 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (85 - 11)
Date No. Title Outcome
3/29 SB 5801 Increases Annually the State Gas Tax Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 18)
3/28 HB 25-1005 Establishes a $34 Million Filming Tax Credit Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
3/27 HCR 5011 Requires Property Values be Based on the Lesser of the Fair Market Value or the Average Fair Market Value Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 13)
3/27 SB 125 Appropriates Funding for Various State Spending Plans Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 16)
3/26 SB 227 Increases the Tax Credit for the Redevelopment of Historic Structures Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 9)
3/25 HB 1332 Appropriates $30 Million for an Agriculture Incentive Program Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 3)
3/25 PN 12-3 Nomination of James Bishop to be Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
3/25 SB 304 Amends and Replaces Oklahoma's Graduated Bracket System for Individual Income Taxes with a 4.75% Flat Tax Starting in 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 1)
3/22 HB 113 Establishes the Animal Welfare Program and Trust Fund in New Mexico Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 1)
3/20 HB 111 Establishes a Flat 5.19% Income Tax Rate Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 23)
3/20 HB 295 Exempts Improvements on Land Owned by the New Mexico Renewable Energy Authority From Property Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
3/20 HB 14 Establishes an Earned Income Tax Credit Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 1)
3/20 LD 609 Appropriates $11.3 Billion Funding for the Fiscal Year 2025-2027 State Budget Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 17)
3/20 HB 2222 Requires Ignition Interlock Device Manufacturers to Pay Fees to the State for Administration of the Ignition Interlock Program Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 2)
3/19 SB 14 Appropriates Funding for a Continuous State Budget Conference Report Adopted - Senate (31 - 9)
3/19 HB 2 Appropriates Funds for the 2025-2026 State General Budget Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 16)
3/19 SB 19 Prohibits Texas Public Tax Funds from Being Used in Lobbying or Other Activities Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 11)
3/18 HB 2007 Appropriates Funding for the Fiscal Year 2025-2027 State Budget Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 12)
3/18 HB 1 Repeals the State Income Tax, Reduces the State Grocery Tax, and Increases Sales and Gas Taxes Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 16)
3/14 HB 775 Amends Various Changes to the State's Tax Laws Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 5)
3/14 HR 1968 Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 46)
3/14 SB 587 Establishes Commission to Consider Reparations for Slavery Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 13)
3/13 SB 1472 Requires School Districts Appropriate Funding for the Next 3 State Fiscal Years Instead of One Year Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
3/12 SB 5263 Repeals the State Special Education Funding Cap Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 0)
3/11 SB 5576 Authorizes New Excise Tax of 4% on Short-Term Rental Properties Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 21)
3/08 SB 169 Appropriates $24 Million for Preparing Sites for Business Development Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 2)
3/06 SB 72 Establishes New Regulations for Rental Cars Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 0)
3/06 SB 72 Establishes New Regulations for Rental Cars Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 0)
3/06 LB 609 Establishes State Cryptocurrency Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 0)
3/05 SB 1453 Appropriates $2.8 Million to Support Certain LGBTQ+ Nonprofit Organizations and Planned Parenthood Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 10)
3/05 H 231 Increases the Annual Grocery Tax Credit to $155 Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 3)
3/05 HB 7163 Appropriates and Restores $40 Million for Special Education Funding Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
3/05 H 231 Increases the Annual Grocery Tax Credit to $155 Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 3)
3/04 H 40 Reduces the Personal and Corporate Income Tax Rate Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 8)
3/04 SB 1694 Exempts Community Colleges and Public Universities in Arizona from Receiving State Funding if they Offered Courses on Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 11)
3/03 SB 1294 Authorizes the Leasing of Former State Prison in Marana, Arizona to the Federal Government or a Private Contractor. Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 11)
2/28 HB 316 Establishes a Committee Dedicated to Recalibrating the Education Resource Block Grant Model Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
2/28 SB 90 Amends and Redistributes Certain State Tax Revenue to Primary Residence Property Tax Relief Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 7)
2/27 SF 69 Establishes Property Tax Exemption for Single Family Homes Conference Report Adopted - Senate (26 - 3)
2/27 SB 222 Appropriates Funding for the Illegal Fireworks Task Force and Extends the Sunset Date to 2030 Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 2)
2/26 SB 1464 Requires the Arizona Department of Revenue to Notify the State Legislature of Tax Laws that Adversely Impact Residents Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
2/25 HB 7067 Amends State Sale and Tax Law Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 0)
2/25 S 364 Authorizes Fusion Energy Projects to Receive Funding from the Clean Energy Fund Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
2/24 SB 3095 Increases State Infrastructure Funding Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 15)
2/24 SB 320 Reduces the Population Mandate for a County Selling Alcohol at a Stadium Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 3)
2/22 SB 23 Increases Top Oil And Gas Royalty Rates On State Lands Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
2/21 S Con Res 7 An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
2/19 H 93 Establishes a Tax Credit for Individuals with Children in Homeschooling or Private Education Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 15)
2/19 SB 40 Amends Bail Bonds and Prohibits the Use of Public Tax Funds to Pay Bail Bonds Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 3)
2/18 S Con Res 7 An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
2/18 SB 219 Requires Schools to Take Cash as Payment for School Events Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 16)
2/14 SB 2 Appropriates $200 Million to Expand Regional Behavioral Health Services Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 4)
2/13 SB 4 Increases State Homestead Exemption on School District Taxes Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 0)
2/12 HB 2485 Establishes a Regulated and Taxed Cannabis Marketplace Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 18)
2/12 H 58 Appropriates Funding for the State's Family Shelter System and Reduces the Number of Families Served Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 6)
2/12 SB 47 Establishes Annual 11-day Sales Tax Holiday for Firearms Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 21)
2/11 SB 2004 Appropriates $250,000 to the Ethics Commission for a Fourth Staff Member Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 21)
2/07 SB 87 Prohibits a Lawmaker's Salaries from Automatic Inflation Adjustment Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 0)
2/06 PN 11-22 Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
2/06 SB 14 Appropriates Funding for a Continuous State Budget Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
2/05 PN 11-22 Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
2/05 SB 182 Requires Local Governments to Continue Operating Under Annual Appropriation Ordinances Until a New Ordinance is Adopted Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 0)
2/04 HB 1 Reduces State Income Tax Rates from 4% to 3.5% Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 3)
2/04 SF 69 Establishes Property Tax Exemption for Single Family Homes Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 8)
2/03 PN 11-22 Nomination of Russell Vought to be Director of the Office of Management and Budget Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
2/03 SB 1013 Requires Municipalities and Counties to Secure Two-Thirds Vote for Tax Increases Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
1/28 SB 50 Amends and Reallocates Capital Funding to Existing Projects Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 0)
1/23 SB 1 Appropriates $25 Million to Defend Cases Against the State in California State Courts Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
1/23 SB 2 Appropriates $25 Million for the State Department of Justice to Pay for Legal Battles Involving the Federal Government Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 8)
1/23 SB 3 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief and Prevention Programs Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
1/22 S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 24)
1/14 A 1672 Extends and Expands the Senior Freeze Program to Include Disabled Railroad Workers Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
1/14 S 757 Authorizes Local Social Services Districts to Use Child Care Block Grant Funds for the Presumptive Eligibility Period Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 0)
12/21 HR 82 Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 Bill Passed - Senate (76 - 20)
12/21 HR 10545 American Relief Act, 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (85 - 11)

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