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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 7, 2025 SC H 3309 Authorizes Santee Cooper and Dominion Energy to Enter Into an Agreement to Build a Gas Powerplant Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 11)
May 7, 2025 OK HB 2157 Establishes the Oklahoma Agrivoltaics Act Bill Failed - Senate (21 - 22)
May 2, 2025 ND HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 19)
May 1, 2025 National H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 1, 2025 National S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
May 1, 2025 NE LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
April 30, 2025 HI SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 5)
April 30, 2025 National H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
April 30, 2025 National S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 40)
April 26, 2025 WA HB 2077 Establishes New Taxes for Zero-Emission Vehicles, Banked Credits, and Pooled Credits Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 19)
April 25, 2025 WA SB 5801 Increases Annually the State Gas Tax Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 17)
April 16, 2025 National H J Res 42 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program for Appliance Standards: Certification Requirements, Labeling Requirements, and Enforcement Provisions for Certain Consumer Products and Commercial Equipment". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
April 15, 2025 AZ SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
April 12, 2025 WV HB 2014 Establishes the Certified Industrial Business Expansion Microgrid Development Program and the High-Impact Data Center Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
April 10, 2025 National H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
April 9, 2025 National H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
April 9, 2025 AZ HB 2203 Amends Current Groundwater Statutes in Arizona Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
April 9, 2025 AR HB 1656 Amends State Law Regarding Oil and Gas Production and Conservation Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
April 4, 2025 ND HB 1258 Amends the Authority for Large Energy Developments Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 18)
April 3, 2025 SC H 3309 Authorizes Santee Cooper and Dominion Energy to Enter Into an Agreement to Build a Gas Powerplant Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 3)
April 2, 2025 National H J Res 24 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In Freezers". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
March 29, 2025 WA SB 5801 Increases Annually the State Gas Tax Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 18)
March 20, 2025 NM HB 295 Exempts Improvements on Land Owned by the New Mexico Renewable Energy Authority From Property Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
March 20, 2025 NM HB 128 Establishes a $20 Million Fund to Provide Grants for Solar Energy and Battery Storage for Tribal, Rural and Low-Income Schools, Municipalities and Counties Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 16)
March 19, 2025 KS HB 2107 Establishes a Process for State Residents to Recover Economic Damages from Wildfires and Other Fire-Related Events Caused by Electric Public Utilities Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 2)
March 19, 2025 OH SB 2 Increases Energy Generation and Improves State Electric Grid Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
March 19, 2025 TX SB 388 Requires 50% of New Energy Generating Capacity to be from a Dispatch Generator other than Battery Energy Storage Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 13)
March 14, 2025 CO HB 25-1040 Defines Nuclear Energy as a Clean Energy Resource Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 5)
March 13, 2025 NC SB 261 Authorizes Increases in Electrical Costs for Power Plants Not Yet Built Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 12)
March 12, 2025 AR SB 307 Authorizes Utility Companies to Make Capital Investments Without Permission from State Regulators Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
March 12, 2025 AR SB 307 Authorizes Utility Companies to Make Capital Investments Without Permission from State Regulators Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
March 6, 2025 AZ SB 1538 Amends the Definition of a "Plant" in ARS Section 40-360 to Include Non-Thermal Electric Generating Units Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 11)
March 4, 2025 SD HB 1052 Prohibits the Use of Eminent Domain for Carbon Dioxide Pipelines Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
Feb. 27, 2025 National H J Res 35 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
Feb. 26, 2025 National S J Res 12 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
Feb. 26, 2025 National S J Res 10 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 52)
Feb. 26, 2025 AZ SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
Feb. 25, 2025 National S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management relating to "Protection of Marine Archaeological Resources". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (54 - 42)
Feb. 25, 2025 NJ S 364 Authorizes Fusion Energy Projects to Receive Funding from the Clean Energy Fund Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
Feb. 24, 2025 MO SB 4 Amends Various State Utility Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 11)
Feb. 22, 2025 NM SB 23 Increases Top Oil And Gas Royalty Rates On State Lands Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
Feb. 21, 2025 VA SB 1021 Amends Utility Plan Reviews by Adding Transportation Issues Conference Report Adopted - Senate (21 - 19)
Feb. 21, 2025 VA HB 1601 Requires Sound Profiling and Reports Regarding Electrical Information Infrastructure from Data Center Applicants and Utilities in Virginia Conference Report Adopted - Senate (22 - 13)
Feb. 20, 2025 VA HB 2537 Expands the Existing Mandate in the Virginia Clean Economy Act Over Battery Storage Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 19)
Feb. 20, 2025 VA HB 2087 Reduces the Time Restraints to Build and Operate Public Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 7)
Feb. 19, 2025 VA SB 1100 Establishes a Pilot Program to Authorize Utility Companies to Take Over Thermostat Control and Other Energy-Using Devices for Individuals and Businesses Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
Feb. 19, 2025 VA HB 2744 Authorizes Upgrades at a Qualifying Households that Reduces or Eliminates Their Reliance on Certain Fuel Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
Feb. 19, 2025 VA HB 1883 Amends the States Existing Renewable Portfolio Standard Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 17)
Feb. 19, 2025 VA HB 1791 Authorizes Installing Electric Vehicle Chargers in Certain Rural Areas Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
Feb. 19, 2025 AR HB 1411 Amends and Clarifies Regulation on Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 4)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/07 H 3309 Authorizes Santee Cooper and Dominion Energy to Enter Into an Agreement to Build a Gas Powerplant Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 11)
5/07 HB 2157 Establishes the Oklahoma Agrivoltaics Act Bill Failed - Senate (21 - 22)
5/02 HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 19)
5/01 H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/01 S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
5/01 LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
4/30 SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 5)
4/30 H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
4/30 S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 40)
4/26 HB 2077 Establishes New Taxes for Zero-Emission Vehicles, Banked Credits, and Pooled Credits Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 19)
4/25 SB 5801 Increases Annually the State Gas Tax Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 17)
4/16 H J Res 42 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program for Appliance Standards: Certification Requirements, Labeling Requirements, and Enforcement Provisions for Certain Consumer Products and Commercial Equipment". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
4/15 SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
4/12 HB 2014 Establishes the Certified Industrial Business Expansion Microgrid Development Program and the High-Impact Data Center Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
4/10 H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (53 - 44)
4/09 H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
4/09 HB 2203 Amends Current Groundwater Statutes in Arizona Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
4/09 HB 1656 Amends State Law Regarding Oil and Gas Production and Conservation Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
4/04 HB 1258 Amends the Authority for Large Energy Developments Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 18)
4/03 H 3309 Authorizes Santee Cooper and Dominion Energy to Enter Into an Agreement to Build a Gas Powerplant Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 3)
4/02 H J Res 24 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In Freezers". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 46)
3/29 SB 5801 Increases Annually the State Gas Tax Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 18)
3/20 HB 295 Exempts Improvements on Land Owned by the New Mexico Renewable Energy Authority From Property Tax Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
3/20 HB 128 Establishes a $20 Million Fund to Provide Grants for Solar Energy and Battery Storage for Tribal, Rural and Low-Income Schools, Municipalities and Counties Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 16)
3/19 HB 2107 Establishes a Process for State Residents to Recover Economic Damages from Wildfires and Other Fire-Related Events Caused by Electric Public Utilities Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 2)
3/19 SB 2 Increases Energy Generation and Improves State Electric Grid Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
3/19 SB 388 Requires 50% of New Energy Generating Capacity to be from a Dispatch Generator other than Battery Energy Storage Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 13)
3/14 HB 25-1040 Defines Nuclear Energy as a Clean Energy Resource Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 5)
3/13 SB 261 Authorizes Increases in Electrical Costs for Power Plants Not Yet Built Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 12)
3/12 SB 307 Authorizes Utility Companies to Make Capital Investments Without Permission from State Regulators Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
3/12 SB 307 Authorizes Utility Companies to Make Capital Investments Without Permission from State Regulators Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
3/06 SB 1538 Amends the Definition of a "Plant" in ARS Section 40-360 to Include Non-Thermal Electric Generating Units Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 11)
3/04 HB 1052 Prohibits the Use of Eminent Domain for Carbon Dioxide Pipelines Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
2/27 H J Res 35 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
2/26 S J Res 12 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
2/26 S J Res 10 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 52)
2/26 SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
2/25 S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management relating to "Protection of Marine Archaeological Resources". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (54 - 42)
2/25 S 364 Authorizes Fusion Energy Projects to Receive Funding from the Clean Energy Fund Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
2/24 SB 4 Amends Various State Utility Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 11)
2/22 SB 23 Increases Top Oil And Gas Royalty Rates On State Lands Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
2/21 SB 1021 Amends Utility Plan Reviews by Adding Transportation Issues Conference Report Adopted - Senate (21 - 19)
2/21 HB 1601 Requires Sound Profiling and Reports Regarding Electrical Information Infrastructure from Data Center Applicants and Utilities in Virginia Conference Report Adopted - Senate (22 - 13)
2/20 HB 2537 Expands the Existing Mandate in the Virginia Clean Economy Act Over Battery Storage Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 19)
2/20 HB 2087 Reduces the Time Restraints to Build and Operate Public Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 7)
2/19 SB 1100 Establishes a Pilot Program to Authorize Utility Companies to Take Over Thermostat Control and Other Energy-Using Devices for Individuals and Businesses Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
2/19 HB 2744 Authorizes Upgrades at a Qualifying Households that Reduces or Eliminates Their Reliance on Certain Fuel Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
2/19 HB 1883 Amends the States Existing Renewable Portfolio Standard Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 17)
2/19 HB 1791 Authorizes Installing Electric Vehicle Chargers in Certain Rural Areas Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
2/19 HB 1411 Amends and Clarifies Regulation on Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 4)
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