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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
July 29, 2025 NC HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Veto Override Passed - House (72 - 48)
July 29, 2025 NC HB 805 Defines Sex in North Carolina State Law Based on Biological Attributes and Amends Relevant Laws Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
July 29, 2025 NC SB 416 Prohibits Public Agencies from "Collecting, Disclosing, or Releasing Personal Information" About Individuals Associated with 501(c) Nonprofits, With Exceptions Allowed by State or Federal Law. Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
July 29, 2025 NC HB 193 Authorizes Certain Employees and Volunteers to Carry a Concealed Handgun on Private School Property with Permission from the Property Owner Veto Override Passed - House (72 - 48)
July 29, 2025 NC HB 193 Authorizes Certain Employees and Volunteers to Carry a Concealed Handgun on Private School Property with Permission from the Property Owner Veto Override Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
July 29, 2025 NC SB 153 Requires State Police to Cooperate with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Authorizes Individuals to Sue Local Governments for Crimes Committed by Undocumented Immigrants Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
July 29, 2025 NC HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
July 29, 2025 NC HB 805 Defines Sex in North Carolina State Law Based on Biological Attributes and Amends Relevant Laws Veto Override Passed - House (72 - 48)
July 29, 2025 NC SB 416 Prohibits Public Agencies from "Collecting, Disclosing, or Releasing Personal Information" About Individuals Associated with 501(c) Nonprofits, With Exceptions Allowed by State or Federal Law. Veto Override Passed - House (74 - 46)
July 29, 2025 NC SB 50 Establishes State Constitutional Concealed Carry Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
July 29, 2025 NC SB 227 Prohibits the Teaching of "Divisive Concepts" in Public Schools Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
July 29, 2025 NC SB 558 Prohibits the Promotion of "Divisive Concepts" and DEI at State Universities Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
July 24, 2025 MA S 2565 Requires Law Enforcement in Massachusetts to Provide Training and Resources Regarding the Blue Envelope Program Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
July 23, 2025 National PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
July 23, 2025 National HR 3357 Enhancing Multi-Class Share Disclosures Act Bill Passed - House (381 - 31)
July 22, 2025 National PN 26-11 Nomination of Terrance Cole to be Administrator of Drug Enforcement Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 47)
July 21, 2025 National PN 26-11 Nomination of Terrance Cole to be Administrator of Drug Enforcement Cloture Invoked - Senate (44 - 43)
July 17, 2025 National PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
July 14, 2025 CA AB 379 Increases Penalties for Prostitution Violations Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 2)
July 1, 2025 MI HB 4391 Authorizes a Peace Officer to Require a Person to Submit to a Preliminary Chemical Breath Analysis Bill Passed - House (61 - 44)
July 1, 2025 MI HB 4390 Authorizes Michigan Law Enforcement to Administer Roadside Oral Fluid Tests Bill Passed - House (61 - 44)
July 1, 2025 MI HB 4390 Authorizes Michigan Law Enforcement to Administer Roadside Oral Fluid Tests Bill Passed - House (61 - 44)
June 30, 2025 PA HB 640 Amends and Updates Annual Reporting Requirements for the Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (46 - 4)
June 30, 2025 PA SB 95 Authorizes Emergency Medical Service Providers to Leave Naloxone With a Caregiver of an Overdose Patient Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (48 - 2)
June 30, 2025 DE SB 10 Authorizes People to Apply for Sentence Modification Based on the Person's Serious Medical Illness, Age, and Time Served Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (19 - 2)
June 30, 2025 PA HB 640 Amends and Updates Annual Reporting Requirements for the Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - House (183 - 20)
June 30, 2025 PA SB 95 Authorizes Emergency Medical Service Providers to Leave Naloxone With a Caregiver of an Overdose Patient Bill Passed - House (126 - 77)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 3802 Establishes Differences Between Certain Legal Services and Traditional Insurance Products Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 4603 Authorizes Commercial Farmers to be Awarded Legal Fees for Defending Against Bad Faith Complaints Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 5447 Prohibits Sweepstakes Model of Wagering Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 5)
June 30, 2025 DE HB 182 Prohibits Law-Enforcement Agencies from Entering into Agreements with Federal Immigration Authorities to Enforce Immigration Violations or Share Related Data Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 3)
June 30, 2025 DE HB 153 Prohibits Citizens Arrests Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 4)
June 30, 2025 DE HB 153 Prohibits Citizens Arrests Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 4)
June 30, 2025 DE HB 142 Prohibits Private Individuals from Arresting Someone Accused of a Felony by Another State Without a Warrant Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 5)
June 30, 2025 DE HB 142 Prohibits Private Individuals from Arresting Someone Accused of a Felony by Another State Without a Warrant Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 5)
June 30, 2025 DE HB 152 Increases the Penalty for Impersonation of a Law-Enforcement Official Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 0)
June 30, 2025 DE HB 35 Prohibits the Death Penalty Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 5447 Prohibits Sweepstakes Model of Wagering Bill Passed - House (69 - 10)
June 27, 2025 OR SB 243 Prohibits High-Speed Firing Gun Accessories and Limits Firearm Possession in Public Buildings Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (18 - 11)
June 27, 2025 OR SB 243 Prohibits High-Speed Firing Gun Accessories and Limits Firearm Possession in Public Buildings Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (18 - 11)
June 27, 2025 OR SB 1173 Prohibits Lawsuits Against Hospitals for Injury Caused by Drugs That the Hospital Did Not Design, Manufacture, or Sell Commercially Bill Passed - House (39 - 12)
June 27, 2025 OR SB 1173 Prohibits Lawsuits Against Hospitals for Injury Caused by Drugs That the Hospital Did Not Design, Manufacture, or Sell Commercially Bill Passed - House (39 - 12)
June 27, 2025 National H Res 516 Condemning the violent June 2025 riots in Los Angeles, California Resolution Passed - House (215 - 195)
June 27, 2025 National H Res 516 Condemning the violent June 2025 riots in Los Angeles, California Resolution Passed - House (215 - 195)
June 26, 2025 OR SB 875 Expands Protections for Oregon's Foster Youth Veto Override Passed - House (50 - 3)
June 26, 2025 NC SB 311 Increases the Punishment for Assaulting a Utility or Communications Worker and the Penalty for Reckless Driving or Street Racing Conference Report Adopted - House (100 - 7)
June 26, 2025 NC SB 416 Prohibits Public Agencies from "Collecting, Disclosing, or Releasing Personal Information" About Individuals Associated with 501(c) Nonprofits, With Exceptions Allowed by State or Federal Law. Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 15)
June 26, 2025 NC SB 429 Amends Domestic Violence, Drug Trafficking and Exposing Children to Controlled Substances Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (34 - 7)
June 26, 2025 NC SB 429 Amends Domestic Violence, Drug Trafficking and Exposing Children to Controlled Substances Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (34 - 7)
June 26, 2025 NC HB 193 Authorizes Certain Employees and Volunteers to Carry a Concealed Handgun on Private School Property with Permission from the Property Owner Concurrence Vote Passed - House (61 - 46)
Date No. Title Outcome
7/29 HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Veto Override Passed - House (72 - 48)
7/29 HB 805 Defines Sex in North Carolina State Law Based on Biological Attributes and Amends Relevant Laws Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
7/29 SB 416 Prohibits Public Agencies from "Collecting, Disclosing, or Releasing Personal Information" About Individuals Associated with 501(c) Nonprofits, With Exceptions Allowed by State or Federal Law. Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
7/29 HB 193 Authorizes Certain Employees and Volunteers to Carry a Concealed Handgun on Private School Property with Permission from the Property Owner Veto Override Passed - House (72 - 48)
7/29 HB 193 Authorizes Certain Employees and Volunteers to Carry a Concealed Handgun on Private School Property with Permission from the Property Owner Veto Override Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
7/29 SB 153 Requires State Police to Cooperate with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Authorizes Individuals to Sue Local Governments for Crimes Committed by Undocumented Immigrants Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
7/29 HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
7/29 HB 805 Defines Sex in North Carolina State Law Based on Biological Attributes and Amends Relevant Laws Veto Override Passed - House (72 - 48)
7/29 SB 416 Prohibits Public Agencies from "Collecting, Disclosing, or Releasing Personal Information" About Individuals Associated with 501(c) Nonprofits, With Exceptions Allowed by State or Federal Law. Veto Override Passed - House (74 - 46)
7/29 SB 50 Establishes State Constitutional Concealed Carry Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
7/29 SB 227 Prohibits the Teaching of "Divisive Concepts" in Public Schools Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
7/29 SB 558 Prohibits the Promotion of "Divisive Concepts" and DEI at State Universities Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
7/24 S 2565 Requires Law Enforcement in Massachusetts to Provide Training and Resources Regarding the Blue Envelope Program Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
7/23 PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
7/23 HR 3357 Enhancing Multi-Class Share Disclosures Act Bill Passed - House (381 - 31)
7/22 PN 26-11 Nomination of Terrance Cole to be Administrator of Drug Enforcement Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 47)
7/21 PN 26-11 Nomination of Terrance Cole to be Administrator of Drug Enforcement Cloture Invoked - Senate (44 - 43)
7/17 PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
7/14 AB 379 Increases Penalties for Prostitution Violations Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 2)
7/01 HB 4391 Authorizes a Peace Officer to Require a Person to Submit to a Preliminary Chemical Breath Analysis Bill Passed - House (61 - 44)
7/01 HB 4390 Authorizes Michigan Law Enforcement to Administer Roadside Oral Fluid Tests Bill Passed - House (61 - 44)
7/01 HB 4390 Authorizes Michigan Law Enforcement to Administer Roadside Oral Fluid Tests Bill Passed - House (61 - 44)
6/30 HB 640 Amends and Updates Annual Reporting Requirements for the Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (46 - 4)
6/30 SB 95 Authorizes Emergency Medical Service Providers to Leave Naloxone With a Caregiver of an Overdose Patient Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (48 - 2)
6/30 SB 10 Authorizes People to Apply for Sentence Modification Based on the Person's Serious Medical Illness, Age, and Time Served Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (19 - 2)
6/30 HB 640 Amends and Updates Annual Reporting Requirements for the Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - House (183 - 20)
6/30 SB 95 Authorizes Emergency Medical Service Providers to Leave Naloxone With a Caregiver of an Overdose Patient Bill Passed - House (126 - 77)
6/30 A 3802 Establishes Differences Between Certain Legal Services and Traditional Insurance Products Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
6/30 A 4603 Authorizes Commercial Farmers to be Awarded Legal Fees for Defending Against Bad Faith Complaints Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
6/30 A 5447 Prohibits Sweepstakes Model of Wagering Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 5)
6/30 HB 182 Prohibits Law-Enforcement Agencies from Entering into Agreements with Federal Immigration Authorities to Enforce Immigration Violations or Share Related Data Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 3)
6/30 HB 153 Prohibits Citizens Arrests Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 4)
6/30 HB 153 Prohibits Citizens Arrests Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 4)
6/30 HB 142 Prohibits Private Individuals from Arresting Someone Accused of a Felony by Another State Without a Warrant Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 5)
6/30 HB 142 Prohibits Private Individuals from Arresting Someone Accused of a Felony by Another State Without a Warrant Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 5)
6/30 HB 152 Increases the Penalty for Impersonation of a Law-Enforcement Official Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 0)
6/30 HB 35 Prohibits the Death Penalty Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 7)
6/30 A 5447 Prohibits Sweepstakes Model of Wagering Bill Passed - House (69 - 10)
6/27 SB 243 Prohibits High-Speed Firing Gun Accessories and Limits Firearm Possession in Public Buildings Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (18 - 11)
6/27 SB 243 Prohibits High-Speed Firing Gun Accessories and Limits Firearm Possession in Public Buildings Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (18 - 11)
6/27 SB 1173 Prohibits Lawsuits Against Hospitals for Injury Caused by Drugs That the Hospital Did Not Design, Manufacture, or Sell Commercially Bill Passed - House (39 - 12)
6/27 SB 1173 Prohibits Lawsuits Against Hospitals for Injury Caused by Drugs That the Hospital Did Not Design, Manufacture, or Sell Commercially Bill Passed - House (39 - 12)
6/27 H Res 516 Condemning the violent June 2025 riots in Los Angeles, California Resolution Passed - House (215 - 195)
6/27 H Res 516 Condemning the violent June 2025 riots in Los Angeles, California Resolution Passed - House (215 - 195)
6/26 SB 875 Expands Protections for Oregon's Foster Youth Veto Override Passed - House (50 - 3)
6/26 SB 311 Increases the Punishment for Assaulting a Utility or Communications Worker and the Penalty for Reckless Driving or Street Racing Conference Report Adopted - House (100 - 7)
6/26 SB 416 Prohibits Public Agencies from "Collecting, Disclosing, or Releasing Personal Information" About Individuals Associated with 501(c) Nonprofits, With Exceptions Allowed by State or Federal Law. Conference Report Adopted - Senate (24 - 15)
6/26 SB 429 Amends Domestic Violence, Drug Trafficking and Exposing Children to Controlled Substances Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (34 - 7)
6/26 SB 429 Amends Domestic Violence, Drug Trafficking and Exposing Children to Controlled Substances Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (34 - 7)
6/26 HB 193 Authorizes Certain Employees and Volunteers to Carry a Concealed Handgun on Private School Property with Permission from the Property Owner Concurrence Vote Passed - House (61 - 46)
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