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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
July 18, 2025 National HR 4016 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (221 - 209)
July 17, 2025 CA AB 138 Authorizes Agreements Entered Into by the State and Certain State Employee Bargaining Units Concurrence Vote Passed - House (67 - 4)
July 17, 2025 CA AB 138 Authorizes Agreements Entered Into by the State and Certain State Employee Bargaining Units Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
July 17, 2025 National PN 26-27 Nomination of Aaron Lukas to be Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence Cloture Invoked - Senate (49 - 40)
July 17, 2025 National PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
July 17, 2025 National PN 22-25 Nomination of Arielle Roth to be Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 34)
July 17, 2025 MA S 2550 Amends Various Laws Relating to Child Custody in Massachusetts Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
July 15, 2025 National PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (69 - 30)
July 15, 2025 National PN 26-15 Nomination of Joseph Edlow to be Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 47)
July 15, 2025 National PN 22-26 Nomination of Anthony Tata to be Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
July 15, 2025 National PN 26-15 Nomination of Joseph Edlow to be Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 47)
July 15, 2025 National PN 22-26 Nomination of Anthony Tata to be Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
July 15, 2025 National PN 26-15 Nomination of Joseph Edlow to be Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 46)
July 15, 2025 National PN 26-15 Nomination of Joseph Edlow to be Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 46)
July 14, 2025 National PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 28)
July 10, 2025 National PN 25-15 Nomination of Jonathan Gould to be Comptroller of the Currency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
July 10, 2025 CA AB 1051 Establishes Certain Portions of Route 76 as the "Payómkawish Highway" Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
July 10, 2025 National PN 25-15 Nomination of Jonathan Gould to be Comptroller of the Currency Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
July 9, 2025 National PN 12-24 Nomination of Scott Kupor to be Director of the Office of Personnel Management Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 46)
July 9, 2025 National PN 13-3 Nomination of William Briggs to be Deputy Administrator of the Small Business Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 45)
July 9, 2025 National PN 12-20 Nomination of Preston Griffith to be Under Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
July 9, 2025 National PN 55-6 Nomination of Bryan Bedford to be Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)
July 9, 2025 National PN 12-24 Nomination of Scott Kupor to be Director of the Office of Personnel Management Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
July 9, 2025 National PN 13-3 Nomination of William Briggs to be Deputy Administrator of the Small Business Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 44)
July 8, 2025 National PN 12-20 Nomination of Preston Griffith to be Under Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (47 - 41)
July 8, 2025 National PN 55-6 Nomination of Bryan Bedford to be Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (47 - 42)
July 8, 2025 PA HB 1299 Requires Businesses to Disclose Information Regarding Subscription Services and Offer Accessible Cancellation Bill Passed - House (181 - 22)
June 30, 2025 PA HB 799 Amends Regulations for Veterans' Benefits and Services Workplace Posting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (181 - 22)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 1682 Requires Labor Movement History be Included in Social Studies Curriculum for Grades 6-12 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (76 - 3)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 4429 Prohibits Captive Audience Meetings Relating to Employee Unionization Concurrence Vote Passed - House (66 - 4)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 4429 Prohibits Captive Audience Meetings Relating to Employee Unionization Concurrence Vote Passed - House (66 - 4)
June 30, 2025 PA HB 103 Establishes Regulations for At-Risk, Derelict or Abandoned Boats and Imposes Penalties Concurrence Vote Passed - House (201 - 2)
June 30, 2025 PA HB 799 Amends Regulations for Veterans' Benefits and Services Workplace Posting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (181 - 22)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 5563 Establishes a "Summer Termination Program" for Certain Utility Customers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 11)
June 30, 2025 CA SB 140 Amends State Employee Collective Bargaining Agreements Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 2929 Requires Disclosure of Lead Drinking Water Hazards to Tenants of Residential Units and Prohibits Landlords from Obstructing Replacement of Lead Service Lines Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 1682 Requires Labor Movement History be Included in Social Studies Curriculum for Grades 6-12 Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 3)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 4429 Prohibits Captive Audience Meetings Relating to Employee Unionization Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 1)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 4429 Prohibits Captive Audience Meetings Relating to Employee Unionization Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 1)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 5563 Establishes a "Summer Termination Program" for Certain Utility Customers Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 14)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 4971 Requires EDA to Provide Grants to Small Businesses Affected by State Infrastructure and Construction Projects Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
June 30, 2025 DE HB 182 Prohibits Law-Enforcement Agencies from Entering into Agreements with Federal Immigration Authorities to Enforce Immigration Violations or Share Related Data Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 3)
June 30, 2025 CA SB 139 Authorizes the State Employer and State Bargaining Units 9 and 12 to Reopen Negotiations if Funds are not Specifically Appropriated by the Legislature and Approves the Agreement Entered into by the State Employer and State Bargaining Units 9 and 12 Bill Passed - House (76 - 1)
June 30, 2025 CA SB 129 Appropriates $584 Million from the General Fund to Supplement the State's Appropriation to the Public Employees' Retirement Fund Bill Passed - House (69 - 5)
June 30, 2025 NJ S 4376 Amends and Restructures the Department of Military and Veterans Affairs Bill Passed - House (72 - 0)
June 30, 2025 NJ S 4376 Amends and Restructures the Department of Military and Veterans Affairs Bill Passed - House (72 - 0)
June 30, 2025 NJ S 3773 Specifies that a Client Company is Solely Responsible for Complying with the Reporting Requirements Concerning a Separation from Employment Imposed by Employers Bill Passed - House (66 - 12)
June 30, 2025 NJ S 4506 Exempts Minor League Baseball Players from State Wage Laws Under Certain Circumstances Bill Passed - House (78 - 1)
June 30, 2025 NJ S 4506 Exempts Minor League Baseball Players from State Wage Laws Under Certain Circumstances Bill Passed - House (78 - 1)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 5049 Repeals Certain Limitations on Receipt of Retirement or Death Benefits Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
Date No. Title Outcome
7/18 HR 4016 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (221 - 209)
7/17 AB 138 Authorizes Agreements Entered Into by the State and Certain State Employee Bargaining Units Concurrence Vote Passed - House (67 - 4)
7/17 AB 138 Authorizes Agreements Entered Into by the State and Certain State Employee Bargaining Units Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
7/17 PN 26-27 Nomination of Aaron Lukas to be Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence Cloture Invoked - Senate (49 - 40)
7/17 PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
7/17 PN 22-25 Nomination of Arielle Roth to be Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 34)
7/17 S 2550 Amends Various Laws Relating to Child Custody in Massachusetts Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
7/15 PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (69 - 30)
7/15 PN 26-15 Nomination of Joseph Edlow to be Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 47)
7/15 PN 22-26 Nomination of Anthony Tata to be Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
7/15 PN 26-15 Nomination of Joseph Edlow to be Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 47)
7/15 PN 22-26 Nomination of Anthony Tata to be Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
7/15 PN 26-15 Nomination of Joseph Edlow to be Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 46)
7/15 PN 26-15 Nomination of Joseph Edlow to be Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 46)
7/14 PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 28)
7/10 PN 25-15 Nomination of Jonathan Gould to be Comptroller of the Currency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
7/10 AB 1051 Establishes Certain Portions of Route 76 as the "Payómkawish Highway" Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
7/10 PN 25-15 Nomination of Jonathan Gould to be Comptroller of the Currency Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
7/09 PN 12-24 Nomination of Scott Kupor to be Director of the Office of Personnel Management Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 46)
7/09 PN 13-3 Nomination of William Briggs to be Deputy Administrator of the Small Business Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 45)
7/09 PN 12-20 Nomination of Preston Griffith to be Under Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
7/09 PN 55-6 Nomination of Bryan Bedford to be Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)
7/09 PN 12-24 Nomination of Scott Kupor to be Director of the Office of Personnel Management Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
7/09 PN 13-3 Nomination of William Briggs to be Deputy Administrator of the Small Business Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 44)
7/08 PN 12-20 Nomination of Preston Griffith to be Under Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (47 - 41)
7/08 PN 55-6 Nomination of Bryan Bedford to be Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (47 - 42)
7/08 HB 1299 Requires Businesses to Disclose Information Regarding Subscription Services and Offer Accessible Cancellation Bill Passed - House (181 - 22)
6/30 HB 799 Amends Regulations for Veterans' Benefits and Services Workplace Posting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (181 - 22)
6/30 A 1682 Requires Labor Movement History be Included in Social Studies Curriculum for Grades 6-12 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (76 - 3)
6/30 A 4429 Prohibits Captive Audience Meetings Relating to Employee Unionization Concurrence Vote Passed - House (66 - 4)
6/30 A 4429 Prohibits Captive Audience Meetings Relating to Employee Unionization Concurrence Vote Passed - House (66 - 4)
6/30 HB 103 Establishes Regulations for At-Risk, Derelict or Abandoned Boats and Imposes Penalties Concurrence Vote Passed - House (201 - 2)
6/30 HB 799 Amends Regulations for Veterans' Benefits and Services Workplace Posting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (181 - 22)
6/30 A 5563 Establishes a "Summer Termination Program" for Certain Utility Customers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 11)
6/30 SB 140 Amends State Employee Collective Bargaining Agreements Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
6/30 A 2929 Requires Disclosure of Lead Drinking Water Hazards to Tenants of Residential Units and Prohibits Landlords from Obstructing Replacement of Lead Service Lines Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
6/30 A 1682 Requires Labor Movement History be Included in Social Studies Curriculum for Grades 6-12 Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 3)
6/30 A 4429 Prohibits Captive Audience Meetings Relating to Employee Unionization Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 1)
6/30 A 4429 Prohibits Captive Audience Meetings Relating to Employee Unionization Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 1)
6/30 A 5563 Establishes a "Summer Termination Program" for Certain Utility Customers Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 14)
6/30 A 4971 Requires EDA to Provide Grants to Small Businesses Affected by State Infrastructure and Construction Projects Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
6/30 HB 182 Prohibits Law-Enforcement Agencies from Entering into Agreements with Federal Immigration Authorities to Enforce Immigration Violations or Share Related Data Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 3)
6/30 SB 139 Authorizes the State Employer and State Bargaining Units 9 and 12 to Reopen Negotiations if Funds are not Specifically Appropriated by the Legislature and Approves the Agreement Entered into by the State Employer and State Bargaining Units 9 and 12 Bill Passed - House (76 - 1)
6/30 SB 129 Appropriates $584 Million from the General Fund to Supplement the State's Appropriation to the Public Employees' Retirement Fund Bill Passed - House (69 - 5)
6/30 S 4376 Amends and Restructures the Department of Military and Veterans Affairs Bill Passed - House (72 - 0)
6/30 S 4376 Amends and Restructures the Department of Military and Veterans Affairs Bill Passed - House (72 - 0)
6/30 S 3773 Specifies that a Client Company is Solely Responsible for Complying with the Reporting Requirements Concerning a Separation from Employment Imposed by Employers Bill Passed - House (66 - 12)
6/30 S 4506 Exempts Minor League Baseball Players from State Wage Laws Under Certain Circumstances Bill Passed - House (78 - 1)
6/30 S 4506 Exempts Minor League Baseball Players from State Wage Laws Under Certain Circumstances Bill Passed - House (78 - 1)
6/30 A 5049 Repeals Certain Limitations on Receipt of Retirement or Death Benefits Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
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