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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 19, 2025 MN SF 3045 Appropriates Funding for the Omnibus State Government Finance and Elections Bill Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (36 - 31)
May 19, 2025 National PN 24-4 Nomination of Charles Kushner to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
May 19, 2025 CT HB 6863 Specifies Deficiency Appropriations For The Fiscal Year 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 10)
May 19, 2025 National PN 24-4 Nomination of Charles Kushner to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
May 18, 2025 MN HF 2563 Appropriates Funding for the 2025 State Legacy Budget Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 30)
May 15, 2025 NH HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (15 - 8)
May 15, 2025 OK SB 995 Requires Legislative Approval for Final Rule Adoption Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 8)
May 15, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 15, 2025 WI SB 125 Requires the Public Service Commission to Conduct a Study to Determine Potential Sites for a Nuclear Power Plant Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
May 15, 2025 WI SB 56 Authorizes Private Water Utilities to Access Federal Funds for Loan Forgiveness for the Replacement of Lead Service Lines Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 16)
May 14, 2025 ME LD 702 Establishes and Designates January 6 as a Day to Remember "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 14)
May 14, 2025 National PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 40)
May 14, 2025 National PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 14, 2025 National PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 40)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 OH SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
May 14, 2025 NE LB 287 Amends Various Laws Relating to Housing Oversight and Authority in Nebraska Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 15)
May 14, 2025 OH SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
May 14, 2025 MI SB 166 Appropriates $17.9 Billion for Fiscal Year 2025-2026 for the School Aid Budget Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 17)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
May 13, 2025 National PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
May 13, 2025 National PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
May 13, 2025 IA HF 972 Requires the Iowa Health and Human Services Department (HHS) to Use No More than $150 Million Federal Funds to Create 115 New Medical Residency Slots at State Teaching Hospitals Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 4)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
May 13, 2025 National PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Cloture Invoked - Senate (72 - 26)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
May 13, 2025 PA SB 90 Establishes Entry Level Training and Testing for Services of the Firefighter I Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
May 12, 2025 National PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 12, 2025 NV AB 530 Authorizes the Clark County Commission to Continue Fuel Tax Increases Without Voter Approval Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 6)
May 12, 2025 National PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
May 12, 2025 National PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
May 12, 2025 AK SB 26 Exempts the State from Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 2)
May 12, 2025 AK SB 64 Limits State Politicians' Ability to Accept Campaign Donations (Senate Version) Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 6)
May 8, 2025 OR HB 3175 Repeals the Limit on the Fee That Counties Can Set for Activities Related to the Public Land Corner Preservation Fund Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 2)
May 8, 2025 CA SB 521 Expands the List of Offenses That Can Bar Someone From Public Employment Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
May 8, 2025 LA SB 234 Establishes and Provides for the St. George Community School System Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 4)
May 7, 2025 TX SB 29 Establishes Specialty Courts to Handle Business Disputes Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
May 7, 2025 MN HF 2434 Appropriates Funding for the State Human Services Budget Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 32)
May 7, 2025 AL HB 165 Establishes Juneteenth as a State Holiday Bill Passed - Senate (13 - 5)
May 6, 2025 National PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/19 SF 3045 Appropriates Funding for the Omnibus State Government Finance and Elections Bill Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (36 - 31)
5/19 PN 24-4 Nomination of Charles Kushner to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
5/19 HB 6863 Specifies Deficiency Appropriations For The Fiscal Year 2025 Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 10)
5/19 PN 24-4 Nomination of Charles Kushner to be Ambassador of the United States of America to the French Republic and the Principality of Monaco Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 46)
5/18 HF 2563 Appropriates Funding for the 2025 State Legacy Budget Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 30)
5/15 HB 511 Prohibits Sanctuary City Policies in the State "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (15 - 8)
5/15 SB 995 Requires Legislative Approval for Final Rule Adoption Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 8)
5/15 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/15 SB 125 Requires the Public Service Commission to Conduct a Study to Determine Potential Sites for a Nuclear Power Plant Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
5/15 SB 56 Authorizes Private Water Utilities to Access Federal Funds for Loan Forgiveness for the Replacement of Lead Service Lines Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 16)
5/14 LD 702 Establishes and Designates January 6 as a Day to Remember "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 14)
5/14 PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 40)
5/14 PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/14 PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/14 PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/14 PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 40)
5/14 PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
5/14 LB 287 Amends Various Laws Relating to Housing Oversight and Authority in Nebraska Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 15)
5/14 SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
5/14 SB 166 Appropriates $17.9 Billion for Fiscal Year 2025-2026 for the School Aid Budget Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 17)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
5/13 PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
5/13 PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
5/13 HF 972 Requires the Iowa Health and Human Services Department (HHS) to Use No More than $150 Million Federal Funds to Create 115 New Medical Residency Slots at State Teaching Hospitals Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 4)
5/13 PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
5/13 PN 12-30 Nomination of Troy Meink to be Secretary of the Air Force Cloture Invoked - Senate (72 - 26)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
5/13 PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
5/13 SB 90 Establishes Entry Level Training and Testing for Services of the Firefighter I Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
5/12 PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/12 AB 530 Authorizes the Clark County Commission to Continue Fuel Tax Increases Without Voter Approval Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 6)
5/12 PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
5/12 PN 12-10 Nomination of Monica Crowley to be Chief of Protocol Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
5/12 SB 26 Exempts the State from Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 2)
5/12 SB 64 Limits State Politicians' Ability to Accept Campaign Donations (Senate Version) Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 6)
5/08 HB 3175 Repeals the Limit on the Fee That Counties Can Set for Activities Related to the Public Land Corner Preservation Fund Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 2)
5/08 SB 521 Expands the List of Offenses That Can Bar Someone From Public Employment Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
5/08 SB 234 Establishes and Provides for the St. George Community School System Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 4)
5/07 SB 29 Establishes Specialty Courts to Handle Business Disputes Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
5/07 HF 2434 Appropriates Funding for the State Human Services Budget Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 32)
5/07 HB 165 Establishes Juneteenth as a State Holiday Bill Passed - Senate (13 - 5)
5/06 PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
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