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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
March 4, 2025 OR SB 91 Prohibits Forever Chemicals (PFAs) in Firefighting Foam Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 3)
March 4, 2025 GA SB 144 Prohibits Lawsuits Against Pesticide Companies Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 12)
March 4, 2025 HI SB 438 Prohibits Landfills Over Aquifers Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 1)
Feb. 28, 2025 WY HB 192 Requires Utility Companies to Identify Wildfire Risk Around Their Infrastructure and Devise Plans to Mitigate Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 0)
Feb. 27, 2025 National H J Res 35 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
Feb. 27, 2025 National H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 198)
Feb. 26, 2025 National S J Res 12 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
Feb. 26, 2025 AZ SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
Feb. 26, 2025 NM SB 21 Establishes the Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Act Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 16)
Feb. 26, 2025 National H J Res 35 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 206)
Feb. 25, 2025 NC HB 47 Appropriates $500 Million for Hurricane Helene Recovery Efforts Bill Passed - House (115 - 0)
Feb. 25, 2025 National S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management relating to "Protection of Marine Archaeological Resources". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (54 - 42)
Feb. 25, 2025 CO HB 25-1040 Defines Nuclear Energy as a Clean Energy Resource Bill Passed - House (43 - 18)
Feb. 24, 2025 NY S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - House (97 - 48)
Feb. 20, 2025 VA HB 2744 Authorizes Upgrades at a Qualifying Households that Reduces or Eliminates Their Reliance on Certain Fuel Concurrence Vote Passed - House (70 - 27)
Feb. 20, 2025 VA HB 2087 Reduces the Time Restraints to Build and Operate Public Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 36)
Feb. 20, 2025 VA HB 2537 Expands the Existing Mandate in the Virginia Clean Economy Act Over Battery Storage Concurrence Vote Passed - House (56 - 40)
Feb. 20, 2025 VA HB 1883 Amends the States Existing Renewable Portfolio Standard Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 39)
Feb. 20, 2025 VA HB 2537 Expands the Existing Mandate in the Virginia Clean Economy Act Over Battery Storage Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 19)
Feb. 20, 2025 VA HB 2087 Reduces the Time Restraints to Build and Operate Public Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 7)
Feb. 20, 2025 MO SB 105 Amends and Modifies Provisions Relating to Invasive Plants Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
Feb. 19, 2025 VA HB 1883 Amends the States Existing Renewable Portfolio Standard Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 17)
Feb. 19, 2025 VA HB 2744 Authorizes Upgrades at a Qualifying Households that Reduces or Eliminates Their Reliance on Certain Fuel Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
Feb. 19, 2025 AR HB 1411 Amends and Clarifies Regulation on Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 4)
Feb. 18, 2025 MT HB 291 Amends State Air Quality Standards Bill Passed - House (61 - 38)
Feb. 14, 2025 KY SB 89 Limits State Protections to Navigable Waters Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 5)
Feb. 13, 2025 MT SB 221 Establishes Structured Guidance for Environmental Reviews Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 13)
Feb. 13, 2025 MT HB 285 Amends the Montana Environmental Policy Act Bill Passed - House (57 - 42)
Feb. 11, 2025 ND HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Bill Passed - House (85 - 2)
Feb. 4, 2025 National HR 776 Nutria Eradication and Control Reauthorization Act Bill Passed - House (361 - 56)
Jan. 29, 2025 National PN 11-23 Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 42)
Jan. 29, 2025 National PN 11-23 Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 42)
Jan. 27, 2025 SD HB 1052 Prohibits the Use of Eminent Domain for Carbon Dioxide Pipelines Bill Passed - House (49 - 19)
Jan. 23, 2025 National HR 375 Continued Rapid Ohia Death Response Act Bill Passed - House (359 - 62)
Jan. 23, 2025 CA SB 3 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief and Prevention Programs Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
Jan. 23, 2025 CA AB 4 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief Bill Passed - House (79 - 0)
Jan. 23, 2025 National HR 471 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (279 - 141)
Jan. 22, 2025 NY S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 24)
Jan. 14, 2025 National HR 153 Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act Bill Passed - House (426 - 0)
Jan. 13, 2025 National HR 152 Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 5)
Jan. 7, 2025 IL HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 39)
Jan. 6, 2025 IL HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
Dec. 18, 2024 National HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (85 - 14)
Dec. 16, 2024 National HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (83 - 12)
Dec. 11, 2024 National HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (281 - 140)
Dec. 11, 2024 OH HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Concurrence Vote Passed - House (65 - 26)
Dec. 11, 2024 OH HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
Dec. 4, 2024 National HR 390 Maurice D. Hinchey Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area Enhancement Act Bill Passed - House (378 - 16)
Dec. 3, 2024 National S 3791 America's Conservation Enhancement Reauthorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 21)
Dec. 2, 2024 NC SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
Date No. Title Outcome
3/04 SB 91 Prohibits Forever Chemicals (PFAs) in Firefighting Foam Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 3)
3/04 SB 144 Prohibits Lawsuits Against Pesticide Companies Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 12)
3/04 SB 438 Prohibits Landfills Over Aquifers Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 1)
2/28 HB 192 Requires Utility Companies to Identify Wildfire Risk Around Their Infrastructure and Devise Plans to Mitigate Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 0)
2/27 H J Res 35 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
2/27 H J Res 20 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Gas-fired Instantaneous Water Heaters" Joint Resolution Passed - House (221 - 198)
2/26 S J Res 12 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
2/26 SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
2/26 SB 21 Establishes the Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Act Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 16)
2/26 H J Res 35 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 206)
2/25 HB 47 Appropriates $500 Million for Hurricane Helene Recovery Efforts Bill Passed - House (115 - 0)
2/25 S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management relating to "Protection of Marine Archaeological Resources". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (54 - 42)
2/25 HB 25-1040 Defines Nuclear Energy as a Clean Energy Resource Bill Passed - House (43 - 18)
2/24 S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - House (97 - 48)
2/20 HB 2744 Authorizes Upgrades at a Qualifying Households that Reduces or Eliminates Their Reliance on Certain Fuel Concurrence Vote Passed - House (70 - 27)
2/20 HB 2087 Reduces the Time Restraints to Build and Operate Public Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 36)
2/20 HB 2537 Expands the Existing Mandate in the Virginia Clean Economy Act Over Battery Storage Concurrence Vote Passed - House (56 - 40)
2/20 HB 1883 Amends the States Existing Renewable Portfolio Standard Concurrence Vote Passed - House (58 - 39)
2/20 HB 2537 Expands the Existing Mandate in the Virginia Clean Economy Act Over Battery Storage Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 19)
2/20 HB 2087 Reduces the Time Restraints to Build and Operate Public Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 7)
2/20 SB 105 Amends and Modifies Provisions Relating to Invasive Plants Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
2/19 HB 1883 Amends the States Existing Renewable Portfolio Standard Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 17)
2/19 HB 2744 Authorizes Upgrades at a Qualifying Households that Reduces or Eliminates Their Reliance on Certain Fuel Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
2/19 HB 1411 Amends and Clarifies Regulation on Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 4)
2/18 HB 291 Amends State Air Quality Standards Bill Passed - House (61 - 38)
2/14 SB 89 Limits State Protections to Navigable Waters Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 5)
2/13 SB 221 Establishes Structured Guidance for Environmental Reviews Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 13)
2/13 HB 285 Amends the Montana Environmental Policy Act Bill Passed - House (57 - 42)
2/11 HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Bill Passed - House (85 - 2)
2/04 HR 776 Nutria Eradication and Control Reauthorization Act Bill Passed - House (361 - 56)
1/29 PN 11-23 Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 42)
1/29 PN 11-23 Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 42)
1/27 HB 1052 Prohibits the Use of Eminent Domain for Carbon Dioxide Pipelines Bill Passed - House (49 - 19)
1/23 HR 375 Continued Rapid Ohia Death Response Act Bill Passed - House (359 - 62)
1/23 SB 3 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief and Prevention Programs Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
1/23 AB 4 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief Bill Passed - House (79 - 0)
1/23 HR 471 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (279 - 141)
1/22 S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 24)
1/14 HR 153 Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act Bill Passed - House (426 - 0)
1/13 HR 152 Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 5)
1/07 HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 39)
1/06 HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
12/18 HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (85 - 14)
12/16 HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (83 - 12)
12/11 HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (281 - 140)
12/11 HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Concurrence Vote Passed - House (65 - 26)
12/11 HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
12/04 HR 390 Maurice D. Hinchey Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area Enhancement Act Bill Passed - House (378 - 16)
12/03 S 3791 America's Conservation Enhancement Reauthorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 21)
12/02 SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
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