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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
March 4, 2025 SD HB 1052 Prohibits the Use of Eminent Domain for Carbon Dioxide Pipelines Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
Feb. 27, 2025 National H J Res 35 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
Feb. 26, 2025 National S J Res 12 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
Feb. 26, 2025 National S J Res 10 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 52)
Feb. 26, 2025 AZ SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
Feb. 25, 2025 National S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management relating to "Protection of Marine Archaeological Resources". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (54 - 42)
Feb. 25, 2025 NJ S 364 Authorizes Fusion Energy Projects to Receive Funding from the Clean Energy Fund Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
Feb. 24, 2025 MO SB 4 Amends Various State Utility Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 11)
Feb. 22, 2025 NM SB 23 Increases Top Oil And Gas Royalty Rates On State Lands Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
Feb. 21, 2025 VA SB 1021 Amends Utility Plan Reviews by Adding Transportation Issues Conference Report Adopted - Senate (21 - 19)
Feb. 21, 2025 VA HB 1601 Requires Sound Profiling and Reports Regarding Electrical Information Infrastructure from Data Center Applicants and Utilities in Virginia Conference Report Adopted - Senate (22 - 13)
Feb. 20, 2025 VA HB 2087 Reduces the Time Restraints to Build and Operate Public Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 7)
Feb. 20, 2025 VA HB 2537 Expands the Existing Mandate in the Virginia Clean Economy Act Over Battery Storage Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 19)
Feb. 19, 2025 VA SB 1100 Establishes a Pilot Program to Authorize Utility Companies to Take Over Thermostat Control and Other Energy-Using Devices for Individuals and Businesses Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
Feb. 19, 2025 VA HB 2744 Authorizes Upgrades at a Qualifying Households that Reduces or Eliminates Their Reliance on Certain Fuel Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
Feb. 19, 2025 VA HB 1791 Authorizes Installing Electric Vehicle Chargers in Certain Rural Areas Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
Feb. 19, 2025 VA HB 1883 Amends the States Existing Renewable Portfolio Standard Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 17)
Feb. 19, 2025 AR HB 1411 Amends and Clarifies Regulation on Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 4)
Feb. 12, 2025 VA HB 2037 Authorizes Local Ordinances that Require Solar Installment of Certain Property Owners Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 18)
Jan. 30, 2025 National PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 38)
Jan. 30, 2025 National PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (62 - 35)
Jan. 22, 2025 NY S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 24)
Jan. 6, 2025 IL HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
Dec. 18, 2024 National S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
Dec. 12, 2024 National PN 1980 Nomination of Matthew James Marzano, of Illinois, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the term of five years expiring June 30, 2028 Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
Dec. 11, 2024 OH HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
Oct. 11, 2024 CA AB 1 Amends Turnaround and Maintenance Costs Related to Transportation Fuels and Inventories Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
Sept. 26, 2024 MI SB 366 Increases Natural Gas Safety Violation Fines to be in Line with Federal Amounts Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
Sept. 26, 2024 MI SB 366 Increases Natural Gas Safety Violation Fines to be in Line with Federal Amounts Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
Aug. 30, 2024 CA SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
Aug. 20, 2024 CA AB 1827 Establishes the Low-Water User Protection Act Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 9)
July 11, 2024 PA SB 656 Amends and Restructures Taxes for Electric Vehicles Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (44 - 5)
July 11, 2024 PA HB 1889 Amends and Reforms Electronic Billing Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
June 26, 2024 NC HB 385 Establishes Regulations For Matters Relating To Energy And Environment Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 18)
June 26, 2024 MI SB 571 Expands The Prevailing Wage Law to Cover the Construction of Clean Energy Facilities Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
June 25, 2024 MA S 2829 Expands the Use of Renewable Energy Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 2)
June 20, 2024 MI HB 5028 Prohibits Homeowners Associations From Banning Energy-Saving Improvements or Solar Energy Systems Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
June 17, 2024 VT H 289 Establishes a Renewable Energy Standard Veto Override Passed - Senate (21 - 8)
June 12, 2024 RI S 2952 Establishes the Decarbonization Act of 2024 to Promote and Develop Benchmark Standards of Energy Performance Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 6)
June 12, 2024 RI S 2952 Establishes the Decarbonization Act of 2024 to Promote and Develop Benchmark Standards of Energy Performance Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 6)
May 24, 2024 IL SB 3481 Requires Electric Vehicle Battery Storage Facilities Register with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (44 - 15)
May 24, 2024 IL SB 3686 Requires Battery Producers and Importers Implement an Illinois EPA-Approved Battery Stewardship Plan Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 14)
May 24, 2024 IL HB 2363 Prohibits the Sale of Certain Fluorescent Lamps Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 19)
May 21, 2024 LA HB 937 Specifies that Landowners Cannot be Held Liable for Any Actions Related to CCS Projects Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
May 21, 2024 National S J Res 58 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Furnaces". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 45)
May 15, 2024 AK HB 50 Establishes the Carbon Storage Closure Trust Fund and the Carbon Dioxide Storage Facility Administrative Fund Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 2)
May 15, 2024 AK HB 307 Amends and Modernizes Energy Availability and Delivery Systems in the State Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 2)
May 8, 2024 SC H 5118 Requires Privatization of the Dominion Energy Company Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 2)
May 8, 2024 CT HB 5507 Amends Certain Proceedings Relating to Electric Transmission Lines Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 2)
May 6, 2024 MN SF 4942 Increases Timeline Schedule for State Clean Energy Transition Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 30)
Date No. Title Outcome
3/04 HB 1052 Prohibits the Use of Eminent Domain for Carbon Dioxide Pipelines Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 12)
2/27 H J Res 35 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
2/26 S J Res 12 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Waste Emissions Charge for Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems: Procedures for Facilitating Compliance, Including Netting and Exemptions". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
2/26 S J Res 10 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared with respect to energy. Joint Resolution Failed - Senate (47 - 52)
2/26 SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
2/25 S J Res 11 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management relating to "Protection of Marine Archaeological Resources". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (54 - 42)
2/25 S 364 Authorizes Fusion Energy Projects to Receive Funding from the Clean Energy Fund Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
2/24 SB 4 Amends Various State Utility Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 11)
2/22 SB 23 Increases Top Oil And Gas Royalty Rates On State Lands Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 15)
2/21 SB 1021 Amends Utility Plan Reviews by Adding Transportation Issues Conference Report Adopted - Senate (21 - 19)
2/21 HB 1601 Requires Sound Profiling and Reports Regarding Electrical Information Infrastructure from Data Center Applicants and Utilities in Virginia Conference Report Adopted - Senate (22 - 13)
2/20 HB 2087 Reduces the Time Restraints to Build and Operate Public Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 7)
2/20 HB 2537 Expands the Existing Mandate in the Virginia Clean Economy Act Over Battery Storage Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 19)
2/19 SB 1100 Establishes a Pilot Program to Authorize Utility Companies to Take Over Thermostat Control and Other Energy-Using Devices for Individuals and Businesses Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
2/19 HB 2744 Authorizes Upgrades at a Qualifying Households that Reduces or Eliminates Their Reliance on Certain Fuel Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 18)
2/19 HB 1791 Authorizes Installing Electric Vehicle Chargers in Certain Rural Areas Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
2/19 HB 1883 Amends the States Existing Renewable Portfolio Standard Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 17)
2/19 HB 1411 Amends and Clarifies Regulation on Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 4)
2/12 HB 2037 Authorizes Local Ordinances that Require Solar Installment of Certain Property Owners Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 18)
1/30 PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 38)
1/30 PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (62 - 35)
1/22 S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 24)
1/06 HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
12/18 S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
12/12 PN 1980 Nomination of Matthew James Marzano, of Illinois, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the term of five years expiring June 30, 2028 Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
12/11 HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
10/11 AB 1 Amends Turnaround and Maintenance Costs Related to Transportation Fuels and Inventories Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 9)
9/26 SB 366 Increases Natural Gas Safety Violation Fines to be in Line with Federal Amounts Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
9/26 SB 366 Increases Natural Gas Safety Violation Fines to be in Line with Federal Amounts Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
8/30 SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
8/20 AB 1827 Establishes the Low-Water User Protection Act Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 9)
7/11 SB 656 Amends and Restructures Taxes for Electric Vehicles Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (44 - 5)
7/11 HB 1889 Amends and Reforms Electronic Billing Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
6/26 HB 385 Establishes Regulations For Matters Relating To Energy And Environment Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 18)
6/26 SB 571 Expands The Prevailing Wage Law to Cover the Construction of Clean Energy Facilities Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
6/25 S 2829 Expands the Use of Renewable Energy Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 2)
6/20 HB 5028 Prohibits Homeowners Associations From Banning Energy-Saving Improvements or Solar Energy Systems Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
6/17 H 289 Establishes a Renewable Energy Standard Veto Override Passed - Senate (21 - 8)
6/12 S 2952 Establishes the Decarbonization Act of 2024 to Promote and Develop Benchmark Standards of Energy Performance Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 6)
6/12 S 2952 Establishes the Decarbonization Act of 2024 to Promote and Develop Benchmark Standards of Energy Performance Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 6)
5/24 SB 3481 Requires Electric Vehicle Battery Storage Facilities Register with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (44 - 15)
5/24 SB 3686 Requires Battery Producers and Importers Implement an Illinois EPA-Approved Battery Stewardship Plan Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 14)
5/24 HB 2363 Prohibits the Sale of Certain Fluorescent Lamps Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 19)
5/21 HB 937 Specifies that Landowners Cannot be Held Liable for Any Actions Related to CCS Projects Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
5/21 S J Res 58 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Consumer Furnaces". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 45)
5/15 HB 50 Establishes the Carbon Storage Closure Trust Fund and the Carbon Dioxide Storage Facility Administrative Fund Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 2)
5/15 HB 307 Amends and Modernizes Energy Availability and Delivery Systems in the State Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 2)
5/08 H 5118 Requires Privatization of the Dominion Energy Company Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 2)
5/08 HB 5507 Amends Certain Proceedings Relating to Electric Transmission Lines Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 2)
5/06 SF 4942 Increases Timeline Schedule for State Clean Energy Transition Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 30)
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