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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
June 12, 2025 NY A 2027 Requires Medical Evaluations for Assisted Living Eligibility Within 30 Days Prior to Admission Bill Passed - Senate (59 - 0)
June 12, 2025 NY S 6953 Requires Artificial Intelligence Developers to Implement a Safety and Security Protocol Before Deploying a Frontier Model Bill Passed - Senate (58 - 1)
June 12, 2025 RI S 125 Increases State Minimum Wage to $16 in 2026 and $17 in 2027 Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 4)
June 12, 2025 NY S 6698 Establishes Minimum Staffing Standards for Emergency Medical Services Bill Passed - Senate (59 - 0)
June 11, 2025 LA SB 8 Authorizes the Legislature to Alter the Classified and Unclassified Status of Civil Officers and Employees Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
June 11, 2025 National PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 46)
June 11, 2025 PA SB 719 Expands the Qualification Process for Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) to Add an Alternative Pathway to Enter the Profession Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
June 11, 2025 NY S 410 Prohibits Courts From Reducing Jury Awards in Employment Discrimination Cases Except Under Exceptional Circumstance Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 21)
June 11, 2025 NY S 410 Prohibits Courts From Reducing Jury Awards in Employment Discrimination Cases Except Under Exceptional Circumstance Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 21)
June 10, 2025 LA SB 15 Authorizes Punishments to Jailers for Not Cooperating with ICE Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
June 10, 2025 NC SB 153 Requires State Police to Cooperate with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Authorizes Individuals to Sue Local Governments for Crimes Committed by Undocumented Immigrants Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (26 - 17)
June 10, 2025 National PN 12-43 Nomination of Stephen Vaden to be Deputy Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 44)
June 10, 2025 National PN 13-6 Nomination of David Fotouhi to be Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 41)
June 10, 2025 National PN 26-20 Nomination of Andrew Hughes to be Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 43)
June 10, 2025 NC HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 17)
June 10, 2025 National PN 12-43 Nomination of Stephen Vaden to be Deputy Secretary of Agriculture Cloture Invoked - Senate (48 - 45)
June 10, 2025 National PN 26-20 Nomination of Andrew Hughes to be Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 44)
June 10, 2025 DE SB 100 Establishes the Constitutional Right to Marry Without Discrimination Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 5)
June 9, 2025 LA HB 300 Increases the Income Limit to Qualify for the Property Tax Special Assessment Program Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 2)
June 9, 2025 MN HF 1 Repeals MinnesotaCare Eligibility for Undocumented Immigrants Age 18 or Older Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 16)
June 9, 2025 National PN 13-6 Nomination of David Fotouhi to be Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
June 9, 2025 MN SF 17 Appropriates Funding for Minnesota's FY 2026-2027 Budget and Establishes Policies Relating to Labor and Economic Development Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 27)
June 9, 2025 PA SB 511 Establishes July 27 as Korean War Veterans Armistice Day Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 0)
June 5, 2025 National PN 26-16 Nomination of John Andrew Eisenberg to be an Assistant Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 43)
June 5, 2025 National PN 26-43 Nomination of Brett Shumate to be an Assistant Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 41)
June 5, 2025 National PN 12-33 Nomination of James O'Neill to be Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 43)
June 5, 2025 National PN 26-43 Nomination of Brett Shumate to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (49 - 40)
June 5, 2025 National PN 26-16 Nomination of John Andrew Eisenberg to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 43)
June 5, 2025 MO SB 3 (Special Session) Establishes the Regulation and Tax Credit Provisions for Sports and Entertainment Facility Projects Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 13)
June 4, 2025 National PN 55-47 Nomination of Edward Walsh to be Ambassador to Ireland Nomination Confirmed - Senate (57 - 38)
June 4, 2025 National PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 46)
June 4, 2025 National PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
June 4, 2025 National PN 55-47 Nomination of Edward Walsh to be Ambassador to Ireland Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 37)
June 4, 2025 National PN 12-33 Nomination of James O'Neill to be Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
June 4, 2025 CA SB 500 Authorizes Utilities to Provide Energy Use Data Via an Approved Alternative System or Tool Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
June 3, 2025 LA SB 59 Increases Economic Oversight of Legislative Actions in Louisiana Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
June 3, 2025 National PN 22-16 Nomination of Dale Marks to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 26)
June 3, 2025 National PN 25-19 Nomination of Allison Hooker to be an Under Secretary of State (Political Affairs) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 36)
June 3, 2025 National PN 17 Nomination of Michael Duffey to be Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
June 3, 2025 National PN 22-16 Nomination of Dale Marks to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 28)
June 3, 2025 National PN 25-19 Nomination of Allison Hooker to be an Under Secretary of State (Political Affairs) Cloture Invoked - Senate (59 - 37)
June 2, 2025 NJ A 4544 Expands Eligibility Requirements of State's Child Care Assistance Program to Include Full-Time Graduate and Post-Graduate Students Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
June 2, 2025 NV AB 388 Expands Access and Length of Paid Family Leave for Public and Private Employees Bill Passed - Senate (11 - 9)
June 2, 2025 NV AB 540 Amends Various Laws Relating to Affordable Housing in Nevada Bill Passed - Senate (15 - 6)
June 2, 2025 National PN 17 Nomination of Michael Duffey to be Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
June 2, 2025 CA SB 81 Prohibits Immigration Enforcement from Obtaining Medical Information from Healthcare Providers without a Valid Warrant Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 7)
June 2, 2025 CA SB 497 Prohibits Information Sharing Regarding Individuals Seeking Gender-Affirming Care or With Controlled Substance History Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
June 2, 2025 NV SB 495 Expands Procedures for Health Care Provider Credentialing And Prior Authorization, and Expands the Gold Card Exemption Program Bill Passed - Senate (13 - 8)
June 2, 2025 CA SB 703 Requires Trucking Companies to Provide Certain Information to Ports Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
June 2, 2025 CA SB 98 Requires School Districts and Certain Universities to Notify Students, Faculty, and Other Campus Members When Federal Immigration Enforcement is Present Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 8)
Date No. Title Outcome
6/12 A 2027 Requires Medical Evaluations for Assisted Living Eligibility Within 30 Days Prior to Admission Bill Passed - Senate (59 - 0)
6/12 S 6953 Requires Artificial Intelligence Developers to Implement a Safety and Security Protocol Before Deploying a Frontier Model Bill Passed - Senate (58 - 1)
6/12 S 125 Increases State Minimum Wage to $16 in 2026 and $17 in 2027 Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 4)
6/12 S 6698 Establishes Minimum Staffing Standards for Emergency Medical Services Bill Passed - Senate (59 - 0)
6/11 SB 8 Authorizes the Legislature to Alter the Classified and Unclassified Status of Civil Officers and Employees Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
6/11 PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 46)
6/11 SB 719 Expands the Qualification Process for Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) to Add an Alternative Pathway to Enter the Profession Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
6/11 S 410 Prohibits Courts From Reducing Jury Awards in Employment Discrimination Cases Except Under Exceptional Circumstance Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 21)
6/11 S 410 Prohibits Courts From Reducing Jury Awards in Employment Discrimination Cases Except Under Exceptional Circumstance Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 21)
6/10 SB 15 Authorizes Punishments to Jailers for Not Cooperating with ICE Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
6/10 SB 153 Requires State Police to Cooperate with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Authorizes Individuals to Sue Local Governments for Crimes Committed by Undocumented Immigrants Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (26 - 17)
6/10 PN 12-43 Nomination of Stephen Vaden to be Deputy Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 44)
6/10 PN 13-6 Nomination of David Fotouhi to be Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 41)
6/10 PN 26-20 Nomination of Andrew Hughes to be Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 43)
6/10 HB 318 Reduces the Timeline for Law Enforcement to Alert ICE before an Undocumented Immigrant Criminal Suspect is Released Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 17)
6/10 PN 12-43 Nomination of Stephen Vaden to be Deputy Secretary of Agriculture Cloture Invoked - Senate (48 - 45)
6/10 PN 26-20 Nomination of Andrew Hughes to be Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 44)
6/10 SB 100 Establishes the Constitutional Right to Marry Without Discrimination Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 5)
6/09 HB 300 Increases the Income Limit to Qualify for the Property Tax Special Assessment Program Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 2)
6/09 HF 1 Repeals MinnesotaCare Eligibility for Undocumented Immigrants Age 18 or Older Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 16)
6/09 PN 13-6 Nomination of David Fotouhi to be Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
6/09 SF 17 Appropriates Funding for Minnesota's FY 2026-2027 Budget and Establishes Policies Relating to Labor and Economic Development Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 27)
6/09 SB 511 Establishes July 27 as Korean War Veterans Armistice Day Bill Passed - Senate (50 - 0)
6/05 PN 26-16 Nomination of John Andrew Eisenberg to be an Assistant Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 43)
6/05 PN 26-43 Nomination of Brett Shumate to be an Assistant Attorney General Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 41)
6/05 PN 12-33 Nomination of James O'Neill to be Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 43)
6/05 PN 26-43 Nomination of Brett Shumate to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (49 - 40)
6/05 PN 26-16 Nomination of John Andrew Eisenberg to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 43)
6/05 SB 3 (Special Session) Establishes the Regulation and Tax Credit Provisions for Sports and Entertainment Facility Projects Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 13)
6/04 PN 55-47 Nomination of Edward Walsh to be Ambassador to Ireland Nomination Confirmed - Senate (57 - 38)
6/04 PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 46)
6/04 PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
6/04 PN 55-47 Nomination of Edward Walsh to be Ambassador to Ireland Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 37)
6/04 PN 12-33 Nomination of James O'Neill to be Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
6/04 SB 500 Authorizes Utilities to Provide Energy Use Data Via an Approved Alternative System or Tool Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 10)
6/03 SB 59 Increases Economic Oversight of Legislative Actions in Louisiana Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
6/03 PN 22-16 Nomination of Dale Marks to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 26)
6/03 PN 25-19 Nomination of Allison Hooker to be an Under Secretary of State (Political Affairs) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 36)
6/03 PN 17 Nomination of Michael Duffey to be Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
6/03 PN 22-16 Nomination of Dale Marks to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 28)
6/03 PN 25-19 Nomination of Allison Hooker to be an Under Secretary of State (Political Affairs) Cloture Invoked - Senate (59 - 37)
6/02 A 4544 Expands Eligibility Requirements of State's Child Care Assistance Program to Include Full-Time Graduate and Post-Graduate Students Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
6/02 AB 388 Expands Access and Length of Paid Family Leave for Public and Private Employees Bill Passed - Senate (11 - 9)
6/02 AB 540 Amends Various Laws Relating to Affordable Housing in Nevada Bill Passed - Senate (15 - 6)
6/02 PN 17 Nomination of Michael Duffey to be Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
6/02 SB 81 Prohibits Immigration Enforcement from Obtaining Medical Information from Healthcare Providers without a Valid Warrant Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 7)
6/02 SB 497 Prohibits Information Sharing Regarding Individuals Seeking Gender-Affirming Care or With Controlled Substance History Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
6/02 SB 495 Expands Procedures for Health Care Provider Credentialing And Prior Authorization, and Expands the Gold Card Exemption Program Bill Passed - Senate (13 - 8)
6/02 SB 703 Requires Trucking Companies to Provide Certain Information to Ports Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 10)
6/02 SB 98 Requires School Districts and Certain Universities to Notify Students, Faculty, and Other Campus Members When Federal Immigration Enforcement is Present Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 8)
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