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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Feb. 19, 2025 KS SB 89 Authorizes the Kansas Department of Agriculture to Assess a Participant Fee for Poultry Producers Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 2)
Feb. 19, 2025 KS SB 89 Authorizes the Kansas Department of Agriculture to Assess a Participant Fee for Poultry Producers Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 2)
Feb. 18, 2025 WY HB 45 Repeals and Removes Otters from the List of Protected Animals for Hunting Purposes Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 9)
Feb. 14, 2025 KY SB 89 Limits State Protections to Navigable Waters Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 5)
Feb. 13, 2025 National PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 28)
Feb. 13, 2025 MT SB 221 Establishes Structured Guidance for Environmental Reviews Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 13)
Feb. 12, 2025 VA HB 2037 Authorizes Local Ordinances that Require Solar Installment of Certain Property Owners Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 18)
Feb. 12, 2025 NV AB 171 Repeals a 2021 Law that Required All Eggs Sold in the State Come from Cageless Hens Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 0)
Feb. 6, 2025 WY HB 275 Amends the Crime of and Penalty for Cruelty to Animals Concerning Wildlife Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 4)
Feb. 6, 2025 National PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
Feb. 5, 2025 PA HB 324 Authorizes Licensing of Poultry Technicians to be Done by the Secretary of Agriculture Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 4)
Feb. 5, 2025 PA HB 324 Authorizes Licensing of Poultry Technicians to be Done by the Secretary of Agriculture Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 4)
Jan. 31, 2025 VA SB 970 Establishes Regulatory Bodies to Legalize the Cannabis Industry in Virginia Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
Jan. 30, 2025 National PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 38)
Jan. 30, 2025 National PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (62 - 35)
Jan. 29, 2025 National PN 11-23 Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 42)
Jan. 29, 2025 National PN 11-23 Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 42)
Jan. 29, 2025 ND SB 2137 Authorizes Hunters to Bait Deer on Private Property Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 15)
Jan. 23, 2025 CA SB 3 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief and Prevention Programs Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
Jan. 22, 2025 NY A 417 Expands State Agriculture Law to Include Cannabis Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 2)
Jan. 22, 2025 NY S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 24)
Jan. 6, 2025 IL HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
Jan. 6, 2025 IL HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
Dec. 18, 2024 National HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (85 - 14)
Dec. 18, 2024 National HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (85 - 14)
Dec. 18, 2024 National S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
Dec. 18, 2024 National S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
Dec. 16, 2024 National HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (83 - 12)
Dec. 16, 2024 National HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (83 - 12)
Dec. 12, 2024 National PN 1980 Nomination of Matthew James Marzano, of Illinois, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the term of five years expiring June 30, 2028 Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
Dec. 11, 2024 OH HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
Dec. 11, 2024 OH HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
Dec. 2, 2024 NC SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
Nov. 13, 2024 PA HB 1210 Authorizes Animals to be Included in Protection from Abuse Orders Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 1)
Oct. 24, 2024 NC SB 743 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part II Conference Report Adopted - Senate (46 - 0)
Oct. 24, 2024 MA S 2967 Reduces Clean Energy Infrastructure Permitting Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (38 - 2)
Oct. 24, 2024 MA S 2967 Reduces Clean Energy Infrastructure Permitting Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (38 - 2)
Oct. 22, 2024 PA HB 1409 Expands the Fish and Boat Commission's Authority to Set License, Permit and Issuing Agent Fees Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 3)
Oct. 9, 2024 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
Oct. 9, 2024 NC HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
Oct. 8, 2024 WV HB 208 Establishes a Comprehensive Radiation Control Act in West Virginia Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 5)
Sept. 26, 2024 MI SB 366 Increases Natural Gas Safety Violation Fines to be in Line with Federal Amounts Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
Sept. 24, 2024 National PN 1342 Nomination of Michael Sfraga of Alaska to be Ambassador at Large for Arctic Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 36)
Aug. 31, 2024 CA SB 219 Authorizes the State Board to Contract with a Climate Reporting Organization to Carry out the Above Described Actions that the State Board Deems Appropriate Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 4)
Aug. 30, 2024 CA SB 1053 Amends Codes on Solid Waste and Specifies What Constitutes a Recycled Carryout Bag Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 8)
Aug. 30, 2024 CA SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
Aug. 30, 2024 CA SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
Aug. 28, 2024 CA AB 347 Establishes Restrictions on PFAS Substances Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
Aug. 27, 2024 CA AB 3265 Establishes the California Environmental Quality Act Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
Aug. 20, 2024 CA AB 1827 Establishes the Low-Water User Protection Act Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 9)
Date No. Title Outcome
2/19 SB 89 Authorizes the Kansas Department of Agriculture to Assess a Participant Fee for Poultry Producers Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 2)
2/19 SB 89 Authorizes the Kansas Department of Agriculture to Assess a Participant Fee for Poultry Producers Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 2)
2/18 HB 45 Repeals and Removes Otters from the List of Protected Animals for Hunting Purposes Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 9)
2/14 SB 89 Limits State Protections to Navigable Waters Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 5)
2/13 PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 28)
2/13 SB 221 Establishes Structured Guidance for Environmental Reviews Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 13)
2/12 HB 2037 Authorizes Local Ordinances that Require Solar Installment of Certain Property Owners Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 18)
2/12 AB 171 Repeals a 2021 Law that Required All Eggs Sold in the State Come from Cageless Hens Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 0)
2/06 HB 275 Amends the Crime of and Penalty for Cruelty to Animals Concerning Wildlife Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 4)
2/06 PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
2/05 HB 324 Authorizes Licensing of Poultry Technicians to be Done by the Secretary of Agriculture Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 4)
2/05 HB 324 Authorizes Licensing of Poultry Technicians to be Done by the Secretary of Agriculture Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 4)
1/31 SB 970 Establishes Regulatory Bodies to Legalize the Cannabis Industry in Virginia Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
1/30 PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 38)
1/30 PN 11-15 Nomination of Christopher Wright to be Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (62 - 35)
1/29 PN 11-23 Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 42)
1/29 PN 11-23 Nomination of Lee Zeldin to be Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 42)
1/29 SB 2137 Authorizes Hunters to Bait Deer on Private Property Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 15)
1/23 SB 3 Appropriates $2.5 Billion for State Wildfire Relief and Prevention Programs Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
1/22 A 417 Expands State Agriculture Law to Include Cannabis Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 2)
1/22 S 824 Establishes a New Climate Change Adaptation Fund to Collect Payment From Certain Fossil Fuel Entities Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 24)
1/06 HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
1/06 HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
12/18 HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (85 - 14)
12/18 HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (85 - 14)
12/18 S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
12/18 S 4367 Thomas R. Carper Water Resources Development Act of 2024 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (97 - 1)
12/16 HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (83 - 12)
12/16 HR 5009 Wildlife Innovation and Longevity Driver (WILD) Reauthorization Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (83 - 12)
12/12 PN 1980 Nomination of Matthew James Marzano, of Illinois, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the term of five years expiring June 30, 2028 Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
12/11 HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
12/11 HB 308 Amends the Definition of Nuclear Energy to be Reclassified as Green Energy Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
12/02 SB 382 Transfers $227 Million from North Carolina's Reserve Fund to the Helene Fund and Rescinds Election Board Appointment Powers from Governor to Auditor Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
11/13 HB 1210 Authorizes Animals to be Included in Protection from Abuse Orders Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 1)
10/24 SB 743 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part II Conference Report Adopted - Senate (46 - 0)
10/24 S 2967 Reduces Clean Energy Infrastructure Permitting Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (38 - 2)
10/24 S 2967 Reduces Clean Energy Infrastructure Permitting Requirements Conference Report Adopted - Senate (38 - 2)
10/22 HB 1409 Expands the Fish and Boat Commission's Authority to Set License, Permit and Issuing Agent Fees Bill Passed - Senate (47 - 3)
10/09 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
10/09 HB 149 Appropriates Emergency Funding for the Disaster Recovery Act Part I Conference Report Adopted - Senate (48 - 0)
10/08 HB 208 Establishes a Comprehensive Radiation Control Act in West Virginia Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 5)
9/26 SB 366 Increases Natural Gas Safety Violation Fines to be in Line with Federal Amounts Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
9/24 PN 1342 Nomination of Michael Sfraga of Alaska to be Ambassador at Large for Arctic Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 36)
8/31 SB 219 Authorizes the State Board to Contract with a Climate Reporting Organization to Carry out the Above Described Actions that the State Board Deems Appropriate Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 4)
8/30 SB 1053 Amends Codes on Solid Waste and Specifies What Constitutes a Recycled Carryout Bag Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 8)
8/30 SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
8/30 SB 1374 Amends Solar Energy Tax Credits Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
8/28 AB 347 Establishes Restrictions on PFAS Substances Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
8/27 AB 3265 Establishes the California Environmental Quality Act Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
8/20 AB 1827 Establishes the Low-Water User Protection Act Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 9)
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