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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

Page 9 of 85
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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 14, 2025 National HR 2215 Salem Maritime National Historical Park Redesignation and Boundary Study Act Bill Passed - House (382 - 31)
May 14, 2025 NE LB 246 Establishes the Nebraska Pure Food Act to Regulate Adulterated Food Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 11)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
May 13, 2025 OR HB 3863 Requires the Public Utility Commission to set a Cap at No Less than 10 Megawatts for the Use of Standard Avoided Cost Rates Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 8)
May 13, 2025 National PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
May 9, 2025 TX SB 17 Increases Sanctions Against Foreign Entities from Purchasing Land in Texas Bill Passed - House (86 - 59)
May 8, 2025 National H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 43)
May 8, 2025 OR HB 3175 Repeals the Limit on the Fee That Counties Can Set for Activities Related to the Public Land Corner Preservation Fund Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 2)
May 8, 2025 IA SF 608 Amends and Updates the Grain Indemnity Program Bill Passed - House (81 - 3)
May 7, 2025 SC H 3309 Authorizes Santee Cooper and Dominion Energy to Enter Into an Agreement to Build a Gas Powerplant Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 11)
May 7, 2025 CO HB 25-1274 Authorizes the Colorado Secretary of State to Issue Ballot Measures to Fund the Universal School Meals Program Concurrence Vote Passed - House
May 7, 2025 AL HB 509 Prohibits Alabama State Agencies from Killing, Testing, or Restricting the Transfer of Game Breeder-Owned Cervids (Deer) Concurrence Vote Passed - House (102 - 1)
May 7, 2025 OK HB 2157 Establishes the Oklahoma Agrivoltaics Act Bill Failed - Senate (21 - 22)
May 7, 2025 OK HB 2157 Establishes the Oklahoma Agrivoltaics Act Bill Failed - Senate (21 - 22)
May 7, 2025 NC HB 442 Establishes Longer Flounder/Red Snapper Seasons and Shrimp Trawl Bill Passed - House (77 - 35)
May 7, 2025 NC SB 554 Prohibits Banks and Credit Unions from Denying Loans to Agriculture Producers Based on Their Lack of Commitment to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 11)
May 6, 2025 SC H 3813 Amends Regulations on Bear Hunting in Game Zone 1 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (45 - 0)
May 6, 2025 CO SB 25-299 Requires that Companies Selling Residential Solar-Power Systems Disclose the Terms of Financing Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
May 6, 2025 National H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
May 6, 2025 CO SB 25-299 Requires that Companies Selling Residential Solar-Power Systems Disclose the Terms of Financing Bill Passed - House (43 - 22)
May 6, 2025 CO HB 25-1274 Authorizes the Colorado Secretary of State to Issue Ballot Measures to Fund the Universal School Meals Program Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
May 5, 2025 National H J Res 61 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 43)
May 5, 2025 OR SB 91 Prohibits Forever Chemicals (PFAs) in Firefighting Foam Bill Passed - House (39 - 14)
May 5, 2025 AK SB 97 Limits the Number of Hunting Guides in a Specific Area By Selling Hunting Concessions Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 1)
May 2, 2025 ND HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 19)
May 2, 2025 ND HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 19)
May 2, 2025 HI SB 1396 Establishes a "Green-Fee" Tax on Tourists to Support the Climate Concurrence Vote Passed - House (40 - 8)
May 2, 2025 ND HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - House (63 - 26)
May 2, 2025 ND HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - House (63 - 26)
May 2, 2025 HI SB 1396 Establishes a "Green-Fee" Tax on Tourists to Support the Climate Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 2)
May 1, 2025 CO HB 25-1207 Prohibits Insurers from Refusing, Canceling or Increasing the Cost of Coverage for Residential Property Owners Based on the Breed of Their Dog Concurrence Vote Passed - House (40 - 23)
May 1, 2025 SC H 3309 Authorizes Santee Cooper and Dominion Energy to Enter Into an Agreement to Build a Gas Powerplant Concurrence Vote Passed - House (88 - 13)
May 1, 2025 National H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 1, 2025 National S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
May 1, 2025 CT HB 5004 Establishes a New Goal of Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statewide by 2050 Bill Passed - House (98 - 47)
May 1, 2025 CT HB 5004 Establishes a New Goal of Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statewide by 2050 Bill Passed - House (98 - 47)
May 1, 2025 National H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - House (246 - 164)
May 1, 2025 National H J Res 78 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for the San Francisco Bay-Delta Distinct Population Segment of the Longfin Smelt". Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 195)
May 1, 2025 National H J Res 78 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for the San Francisco Bay-Delta Distinct Population Segment of the Longfin Smelt". Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 195)
May 1, 2025 NE LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
May 1, 2025 NE LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
May 1, 2025 NE LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
May 1, 2025 CA AB 516 Authorizes Registered Veterinary Technicians and Veterinary Assistants to Perform Certain Animal Health Care Services Bill Passed - House (76 - 0)
April 30, 2025 HI SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - House (39 - 10)
April 30, 2025 HI HB 969 Prohibits Landfills on the Agricultural Land Best Suited for Farming Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 1)
April 30, 2025 HI SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - House (39 - 10)
April 30, 2025 HI HB 427 Establishes Quarantines of Infested Areas and Strengthens the Inspection Process for Items Shipped to and Around the State to Protect Biodiversity Concurrence Vote Passed - House (45 - 5)
April 30, 2025 HI SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 5)
April 30, 2025 HI SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 5)
April 30, 2025 HI HB 969 Prohibits Landfills on the Agricultural Land Best Suited for Farming Concurrence Vote Passed - House (43 - 7)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/14 HR 2215 Salem Maritime National Historical Park Redesignation and Boundary Study Act Bill Passed - House (382 - 31)
5/14 LB 246 Establishes the Nebraska Pure Food Act to Regulate Adulterated Food Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 11)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
5/13 HB 3863 Requires the Public Utility Commission to set a Cap at No Less than 10 Megawatts for the Use of Standard Avoided Cost Rates Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 8)
5/13 PN 13-4 Nomination of James Danly to be Deputy Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 45)
5/09 SB 17 Increases Sanctions Against Foreign Entities from Purchasing Land in Texas Bill Passed - House (86 - 59)
5/08 H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (50 - 43)
5/08 HB 3175 Repeals the Limit on the Fee That Counties Can Set for Activities Related to the Public Land Corner Preservation Fund Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 2)
5/08 SF 608 Amends and Updates the Grain Indemnity Program Bill Passed - House (81 - 3)
5/07 H 3309 Authorizes Santee Cooper and Dominion Energy to Enter Into an Agreement to Build a Gas Powerplant Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 11)
5/07 HB 25-1274 Authorizes the Colorado Secretary of State to Issue Ballot Measures to Fund the Universal School Meals Program Concurrence Vote Passed - House
5/07 HB 509 Prohibits Alabama State Agencies from Killing, Testing, or Restricting the Transfer of Game Breeder-Owned Cervids (Deer) Concurrence Vote Passed - House (102 - 1)
5/07 HB 2157 Establishes the Oklahoma Agrivoltaics Act Bill Failed - Senate (21 - 22)
5/07 HB 2157 Establishes the Oklahoma Agrivoltaics Act Bill Failed - Senate (21 - 22)
5/07 HB 442 Establishes Longer Flounder/Red Snapper Seasons and Shrimp Trawl Bill Passed - House (77 - 35)
5/07 SB 554 Prohibits Banks and Credit Unions from Denying Loans to Agriculture Producers Based on Their Lack of Commitment to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 11)
5/06 H 3813 Amends Regulations on Bear Hunting in Game Zone 1 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (45 - 0)
5/06 SB 25-299 Requires that Companies Selling Residential Solar-Power Systems Disclose the Terms of Financing Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
5/06 H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
5/06 SB 25-299 Requires that Companies Selling Residential Solar-Power Systems Disclose the Terms of Financing Bill Passed - House (43 - 22)
5/06 HB 25-1274 Authorizes the Colorado Secretary of State to Issue Ballot Measures to Fund the Universal School Meals Program Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
5/05 H J Res 61 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 43)
5/05 SB 91 Prohibits Forever Chemicals (PFAs) in Firefighting Foam Bill Passed - House (39 - 14)
5/05 SB 97 Limits the Number of Hunting Guides in a Specific Area By Selling Hunting Concessions Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 1)
5/02 HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 19)
5/02 HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 19)
5/02 SB 1396 Establishes a "Green-Fee" Tax on Tourists to Support the Climate Concurrence Vote Passed - House (40 - 8)
5/02 HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - House (63 - 26)
5/02 HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - House (63 - 26)
5/02 SB 1396 Establishes a "Green-Fee" Tax on Tourists to Support the Climate Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 2)
5/01 HB 25-1207 Prohibits Insurers from Refusing, Canceling or Increasing the Cost of Coverage for Residential Property Owners Based on the Breed of Their Dog Concurrence Vote Passed - House (40 - 23)
5/01 H 3309 Authorizes Santee Cooper and Dominion Energy to Enter Into an Agreement to Build a Gas Powerplant Concurrence Vote Passed - House (88 - 13)
5/01 H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/01 S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
5/01 HB 5004 Establishes a New Goal of Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statewide by 2050 Bill Passed - House (98 - 47)
5/01 HB 5004 Establishes a New Goal of Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statewide by 2050 Bill Passed - House (98 - 47)
5/01 H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - House (246 - 164)
5/01 H J Res 78 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for the San Francisco Bay-Delta Distinct Population Segment of the Longfin Smelt". Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 195)
5/01 H J Res 78 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for the San Francisco Bay-Delta Distinct Population Segment of the Longfin Smelt". Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 195)
5/01 LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
5/01 LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
5/01 LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
5/01 AB 516 Authorizes Registered Veterinary Technicians and Veterinary Assistants to Perform Certain Animal Health Care Services Bill Passed - House (76 - 0)
4/30 SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - House (39 - 10)
4/30 HB 969 Prohibits Landfills on the Agricultural Land Best Suited for Farming Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 1)
4/30 SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - House (39 - 10)
4/30 HB 427 Establishes Quarantines of Infested Areas and Strengthens the Inspection Process for Items Shipped to and Around the State to Protect Biodiversity Concurrence Vote Passed - House (45 - 5)
4/30 SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 5)
4/30 SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 5)
4/30 HB 969 Prohibits Landfills on the Agricultural Land Best Suited for Farming Concurrence Vote Passed - House (43 - 7)
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