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2025 National Issues Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
March 14, 2025 National PN 12-25 Nomination of Christopher Landau to be Deputy Secretary of State Cloture Invoked - Senate (63 - 32)
March 13, 2025 National PN 13-12 Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43)
March 13, 2025 National PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 45)
March 13, 2025 National PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
March 13, 2025 National PN 13-12 Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
March 12, 2025 National PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46)
March 12, 2025 National PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Cloture Invoked - Senate
March 11, 2025 National PN 12-41 Nomination of Abigail Slater to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
March 11, 2025 National HR 1156 Pandemic Unemployment Fraud Enforcement Act Bill Passed - House (295 - 127)
March 11, 2025 National HR 1968 Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 Bill Passed - House (217 - 213)
March 10, 2025 National HR 993 Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act Bill Passed - House (406 - 9)
March 10, 2025 National HR 495 Subterranean Border Defense Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 1)
March 6, 2025 National S 331 Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act (HALT Fentanyl Act) Cloture Invoked - Senate (82 - 12)
March 5, 2025 National PN 12-5 Nomination of Todd Blanche to be Deputy Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
March 3, 2025 National PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
March 3, 2025 National S 9 Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
March 3, 2025 National HR 758 Mail Traffic Deaths Reporting Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 16)
Feb. 27, 2025 National PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
Feb. 25, 2025 National PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
Feb. 24, 2025 National HR 832 Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (396 - 15)
Feb. 21, 2025 National S Con Res 7 An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
Feb. 18, 2025 National PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
Feb. 18, 2025 National S Con Res 7 An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
Feb. 13, 2025 National PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
Feb. 13, 2025 National PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
Feb. 13, 2025 National HR 35 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 155)
Feb. 13, 2025 National HR 35 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 155)
Feb. 12, 2025 National PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
Feb. 10, 2025 National HR 692 China Exchange Rate Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 7)
Feb. 10, 2025 National HR 692 China Exchange Rate Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 7)
Feb. 6, 2025 National PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
Feb. 6, 2025 National PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
Feb. 5, 2025 National PN 11-14 Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 44)
Feb. 4, 2025 National PN 11-14 Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Cloture Invoked - Senate (55 - 45)
Feb. 4, 2025 National HR 43 Alaska Native Village Municipal Lands Restoration Act Bill Passed - House (412 - 1)
Jan. 30, 2025 National PN 11-3 Nomination of Douglas Burgum to be Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (79 - 18)
Jan. 28, 2025 National HR 23 Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
Jan. 23, 2025 National PN 11-19 Nomination of John Ratcliffe to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
Jan. 23, 2025 National PN 11-19 Nomination of John Ratcliffe to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (72 - 26)
Jan. 23, 2025 National HR 471 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (279 - 141)
Jan. 22, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (263 - 156)
Jan. 22, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (263 - 156)
Jan. 21, 2025 National PN 11-19 Nomination of John Ratcliffe to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Motion Agreed - Senate (54 - 46)
Jan. 21, 2025 National HR 187 MAPWaters Act Bill Passed - House (413 - 0)
Jan. 20, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - Senate (64 - 35)
Jan. 20, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - Senate (64 - 35)
Jan. 20, 2025 National PN 11-13 Nomination of Marco Rubio to be Secretary of State Nomination Confirmed - Senate (99 - 0)
Jan. 17, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (61 - 35)
Jan. 17, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (61 - 35)
Jan. 16, 2025 National HR 30 Preventing Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 145)
Jan. 16, 2025 National HR 30 Preventing Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 145)
Jan. 15, 2025 National HR 164 Promoting Opportunities to Widen Electrical Resilience (POWER) Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (419 - 2)
Jan. 13, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Motion Agreed - Senate (82 - 10)
Jan. 13, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Motion Agreed - Senate (82 - 10)
Jan. 9, 2025 National HR 23 Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act Bill Passed - House (243 - 140)
Jan. 8, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 9)
Jan. 8, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 9)
Jan. 7, 2025 National HR 29 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 159)
Jan. 7, 2025 National HR 29 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 159)
Jan. 3, 2025 National H Res 5 Adopting the Rules of the House of Representatives for the One Hundred Nineteenth Congress, and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (215 - 209)
Date No. Title Outcome
3/14 PN 12-25 Nomination of Christopher Landau to be Deputy Secretary of State Cloture Invoked - Senate (63 - 32)
3/13 PN 13-12 Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43)
3/13 PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 45)
3/13 PN 22-12 Nomination of Jeffrey Kessler to be Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
3/13 PN 13-12 Nomination of William Pulte to be Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
3/12 PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 46)
3/12 PN 19 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Cloture Invoked - Senate
3/11 PN 12-41 Nomination of Abigail Slater to be an Assistant Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (77 - 19)
3/11 HR 1156 Pandemic Unemployment Fraud Enforcement Act Bill Passed - House (295 - 127)
3/11 HR 1968 Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 Bill Passed - House (217 - 213)
3/10 HR 993 Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act Bill Passed - House (406 - 9)
3/10 HR 495 Subterranean Border Defense Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 1)
3/06 S 331 Halt All Lethal Trafficking of Fentanyl Act (HALT Fentanyl Act) Cloture Invoked - Senate (82 - 12)
3/05 PN 12-5 Nomination of Todd Blanche to be Deputy Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
3/03 PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
3/03 S 9 Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
3/03 HR 758 Mail Traffic Deaths Reporting Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 16)
2/27 PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
2/25 PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
2/24 HR 832 Small Business Advocacy Improvements Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (396 - 15)
2/21 S Con Res 7 An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
2/18 PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
2/18 S Con Res 7 An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
2/13 PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
2/13 PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
2/13 HR 35 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 155)
2/13 HR 35 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 155)
2/12 PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
2/10 HR 692 China Exchange Rate Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 7)
2/10 HR 692 China Exchange Rate Transparency Act Bill Passed - House (388 - 7)
2/06 PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 47)
2/06 PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
2/05 PN 11-14 Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Nomination Confirmed - Senate (55 - 44)
2/04 PN 11-14 Nomination of Eric Turner to be Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Cloture Invoked - Senate (55 - 45)
2/04 HR 43 Alaska Native Village Municipal Lands Restoration Act Bill Passed - House (412 - 1)
1/30 PN 11-3 Nomination of Douglas Burgum to be Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (79 - 18)
1/28 HR 23 Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
1/23 PN 11-19 Nomination of John Ratcliffe to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
1/23 PN 11-19 Nomination of John Ratcliffe to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (72 - 26)
1/23 HR 471 Fix Our Forests Act Bill Passed - House (279 - 141)
1/22 S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (263 - 156)
1/22 S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (263 - 156)
1/21 PN 11-19 Nomination of John Ratcliffe to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Motion Agreed - Senate (54 - 46)
1/21 HR 187 MAPWaters Act Bill Passed - House (413 - 0)
1/20 S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - Senate (64 - 35)
1/20 S 5 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - Senate (64 - 35)
1/20 PN 11-13 Nomination of Marco Rubio to be Secretary of State Nomination Confirmed - Senate (99 - 0)
1/17 S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (61 - 35)
1/17 S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (61 - 35)
1/16 HR 30 Preventing Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 145)
1/16 HR 30 Preventing Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act Bill Passed - House (274 - 145)
1/15 HR 164 Promoting Opportunities to Widen Electrical Resilience (POWER) Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (419 - 2)
1/13 S 5 Laken Riley Act Motion Agreed - Senate (82 - 10)
1/13 S 5 Laken Riley Act Motion Agreed - Senate (82 - 10)
1/09 HR 23 Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act Bill Passed - House (243 - 140)
1/08 S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 9)
1/08 S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 9)
1/07 HR 29 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 159)
1/07 HR 29 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 159)
1/03 H Res 5 Adopting the Rules of the House of Representatives for the One Hundred Nineteenth Congress, and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (215 - 209)
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