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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Jan. 13, 2025 National HR 152 Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 5)
Jan. 8, 2025 National S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 9)
Jan. 7, 2025 National HR 29 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 159)
Dec. 18, 2024 National HR 8663 Detection Equipment and Technology Evaluation to Counter the Threat (DETECT) Fentanyl and Xylazine Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (404 - 1)
Dec. 18, 2024 National HR 8663 Detection Equipment and Technology Evaluation to Counter the Threat (DETECT) Fentanyl and Xylazine Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (404 - 1)
Dec. 18, 2024 National S 759 Beagle Brigade Act Bill Passed - House (381 - 20)
Dec. 18, 2024 National S 1351 Stop Institutional Child Abuse Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 33)
Dec. 17, 2024 National HR 1101 Lumbee Fairness Act Bill Passed - House (311 - 96)
Dec. 10, 2024 National S 3613 Improving Federal Building Security Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (410 - 6)
Dec. 10, 2024 National HR 9668 Strategic Homeland Intelligence and Enforcement Legislation to Defend (SHIELD) Against CCP Act Bill Passed - House (409 - 4)
Dec. 5, 2024 National HR 9598 Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (399 - 1)
Nov. 20, 2024 National H Res 1449 Condemning the global rise of antisemitism and calling upon countries and international bodies to counter antisemitism. Resolution Passed - House (388 - 21)
Sept. 25, 2024 National HR 8205 Keeping Violent Offenders Off Our Streets Act Bill Passed - House (255 - 161)
Sept. 20, 2024 National HR 9106 Enhanced Presidential Security Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (405 - 0)
Sept. 18, 2024 National S 1146 Find and Protect Foster Youth Act Bill Passed - House (408 - 7)
Sept. 18, 2024 National HR 7909 Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act Bill Passed - House (266 - 158)
July 25, 2024 National H Res 1371 Strongly condemning the Biden Administration and its Border Czar, Kamala Harris's, failure to secure the United States border. Resolution Passed - House (220 - 196)
July 24, 2024 National H Res 1367 Establishing the Task Force on the Attempted Assassination of Donald J. Trump. Resolution Passed - House (416 - 0)
July 23, 2024 National S 227 Improving Access to Our Courts Act Bill Passed - House (404 - 3)
July 23, 2024 National S 3706 Victims' VOICES Act Bill Passed - House (408 - 2)
July 23, 2024 National S 3706 Victims' VOICES Act Bill Passed - House (408 - 2)
July 22, 2024 National HR 1631 Protecting and Enhancing Public Access to Codes (Pro Codes) Act Bill Failed - House (248 - 127)
July 11, 2024 National H J Res 165 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance". Joint Resolution Passed - House (210 - 205)
June 28, 2024 National HR 8752 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2025 Bill Passed - House (212 - 203)
June 25, 2024 National HR 2789 American Cooperation with Our Neighbors Act Bill Passed - House (368 - 19)
June 12, 2024 National H Res 1292 Recommending that the House of Representatives find United States Attorney General Merrick B. Garland in Contempt of Congress for Refusal to Comply with a Subpoena Duly Issued by the Committee on the Judiciary Resolution Passed - House (216 - 207)
June 4, 2024 National HR 8282 Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act Bill Passed - House (247 - 155)
May 23, 2024 National S 4361 Border Act of 2024 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (43 - 50)
May 23, 2024 National HR 5403 CBDC Anti-Surveillance State Act Bill Passed - House (216 - 192)
May 21, 2024 National HR 3019 Federal Prison Oversight Act Bill Passed - House (392 - 2)
May 17, 2024 National H Res 1213 A resolution regarding violence against law enforcement officers. Resolution Passed - House (337 - 61)
May 16, 2024 National HR 8146 Police Our Border Act Bill Passed - House (254 - 157)
May 16, 2024 National HR 354 LEOSA Reform Act Bill Passed - House (221 - 185)
May 16, 2024 National HR 354 LEOSA Reform Act Bill Passed - House (221 - 185)
May 15, 2024 National HR 7530 DC CRIMES Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 181)
May 15, 2024 National HR 7581 Improving Law Enforcement Officer Safety and Wellness Through Data Act Bill Passed - House (356 - 55)
May 15, 2024 National HR 7343 Detain and Deport Illegal Aliens Who Assault Cops Act Bill Passed - House (265 - 148)
May 14, 2024 National S 546 Recruit and Retain Act Bill Passed - House (370 - 18)
May 14, 2024 National HR 7659 Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (376 - 16)
May 1, 2024 National HR 6090 Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (320 - 91)
April 19, 2024 National HR 7888 Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 34)
April 18, 2024 National HR 7888 Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 32)
April 16, 2024 National HR 6245 Holding Iranian Leaders Accountable Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 4)
April 16, 2024 National HR 4681 Illicit Captagon Trafficking Suppression Act Bill Passed - House (410 - 13)
April 16, 2024 National HR 4681 Illicit Captagon Trafficking Suppression Act Bill Passed - House (410 - 13)
April 15, 2024 National HR 5923 Iran-China Energy Sanctions Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (383 - 11)
April 15, 2024 National HR 6408 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to terminate the tax-exempt status of terrorist supporting organizations Bill Passed - House (382 - 11)
April 15, 2024 National HR 5921 No U.S. Financing for Iran Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (294 - 105)
April 12, 2024 National HR 7888 Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act Bill Passed - House (273 - 147)
Jan. 31, 2024 National HR 6678 Consequences for Social Security Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 155)
Jan. 30, 2024 National HR 5585 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (271 - 154)
Jan. 17, 2024 National H Res 957 Denouncing the Biden administration's open-borders policies, condemning the national security and public safety crisis along the southwest border, and urging President Biden to end his administration's open-borders policies. Resolution Passed - House (225 - 187)
Dec. 13, 2023 National H Res 927 Condemning antisemitism on University campuses and the testimony of University Presidents in the House Committee on Education and the Workforce. Resolution Passed - House (303 - 126)
Dec. 12, 2023 National HR 4531 Support for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act Bill Passed - House (386 - 37)
Dec. 5, 2023 National H Res 894 Strongly condemning and denouncing the drastic rise of antisemitism in the United States and around the world. Resolution Passed - House (311 - 14)
Nov. 30, 2023 National HR 5961 No Funds for Iranian Terrorism Act Bill Passed - House (307 - 119)
Nov. 2, 2023 National H Res 798 Condemning the support of Hamas, Hezbollah, and other terrorist organizations at institutions of higher education, which may lead to the creation of a hostile environment for Jewish students, faculty, and staff. Resolution Passed - House (396 - 23)
Nov. 1, 2023 National H Res 559 Declaring it is the policy of the United States that a nuclear Islamic Republic of Iran is not acceptable. Resolution Passed - House (354 - 53)
Nov. 1, 2023 National HR 340 Hamas International Financing Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (363 - 46)
Sept. 28, 2023 National HR 4367 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (220 - 208)
May 25, 2023 National HR 467 HALT Fentanyl Act Bill Passed - House (289 - 133)
May 25, 2023 National HR 467 HALT Fentanyl Act Bill Passed - House (289 - 133)
May 18, 2023 National H Con Res 40 Expressing support for local law enforcement officers and condemning efforts to defund or dismantle local law enforcement agencies Joint Resolution Passed - House (301 - 119)
May 17, 2023 National HR 3091 Federal Law Enforcement Officer Service Weapon Purchase Act Bill Passed - House (232 - 198)
May 17, 2023 National HR 3091 Federal Law Enforcement Officer Service Weapon Purchase Act Bill Passed - House (232 - 198)
May 17, 2023 National HR 2494 POLICE Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (255 - 175)
May 16, 2023 National H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (56 - 43)
April 19, 2023 National H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 189)
March 29, 2023 National H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (68 - 23)
March 10, 2023 National S 619 COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 0)
March 9, 2023 National HR 140 Protecting Speech from Government Interference Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 206)
March 8, 2023 National H J Res 26 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Revised Criminal Code Act Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (81 - 14)
Feb. 9, 2023 National H Res 104 Condemning the Chinese Communist Party's use of a high-altitude surveillance balloon over United States territory as a brazen violation of United States sovereignty Resolution Passed - House (419 - 0)
Feb. 9, 2023 National H J Res 26 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Revised Criminal Code Act Joint Resolution Passed - House (250 - 173)
Feb. 1, 2023 National H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 197)
Date No. Title Outcome
1/13 HR 152 Federal Disaster Assistance Coordination Act Bill Passed - House (405 - 5)
1/08 S 5 Laken Riley Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 9)
1/07 HR 29 Laken Riley Act Bill Passed - House (264 - 159)
12/18 HR 8663 Detection Equipment and Technology Evaluation to Counter the Threat (DETECT) Fentanyl and Xylazine Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (404 - 1)
12/18 HR 8663 Detection Equipment and Technology Evaluation to Counter the Threat (DETECT) Fentanyl and Xylazine Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (404 - 1)
12/18 S 759 Beagle Brigade Act Bill Passed - House (381 - 20)
12/18 S 1351 Stop Institutional Child Abuse Act Bill Passed - House (373 - 33)
12/17 HR 1101 Lumbee Fairness Act Bill Passed - House (311 - 96)
12/10 S 3613 Improving Federal Building Security Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (410 - 6)
12/10 HR 9668 Strategic Homeland Intelligence and Enforcement Legislation to Defend (SHIELD) Against CCP Act Bill Passed - House (409 - 4)
12/05 HR 9598 Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (399 - 1)
11/20 H Res 1449 Condemning the global rise of antisemitism and calling upon countries and international bodies to counter antisemitism. Resolution Passed - House (388 - 21)
9/25 HR 8205 Keeping Violent Offenders Off Our Streets Act Bill Passed - House (255 - 161)
9/20 HR 9106 Enhanced Presidential Security Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (405 - 0)
9/18 S 1146 Find and Protect Foster Youth Act Bill Passed - House (408 - 7)
9/18 HR 7909 Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act Bill Passed - House (266 - 158)
7/25 H Res 1371 Strongly condemning the Biden Administration and its Border Czar, Kamala Harris's, failure to secure the United States border. Resolution Passed - House (220 - 196)
7/24 H Res 1367 Establishing the Task Force on the Attempted Assassination of Donald J. Trump. Resolution Passed - House (416 - 0)
7/23 S 227 Improving Access to Our Courts Act Bill Passed - House (404 - 3)
7/23 S 3706 Victims' VOICES Act Bill Passed - House (408 - 2)
7/23 S 3706 Victims' VOICES Act Bill Passed - House (408 - 2)
7/22 HR 1631 Protecting and Enhancing Public Access to Codes (Pro Codes) Act Bill Failed - House (248 - 127)
7/11 H J Res 165 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance". Joint Resolution Passed - House (210 - 205)
6/28 HR 8752 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2025 Bill Passed - House (212 - 203)
6/25 HR 2789 American Cooperation with Our Neighbors Act Bill Passed - House (368 - 19)
6/12 H Res 1292 Recommending that the House of Representatives find United States Attorney General Merrick B. Garland in Contempt of Congress for Refusal to Comply with a Subpoena Duly Issued by the Committee on the Judiciary Resolution Passed - House (216 - 207)
6/04 HR 8282 Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act Bill Passed - House (247 - 155)
5/23 S 4361 Border Act of 2024 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (43 - 50)
5/23 HR 5403 CBDC Anti-Surveillance State Act Bill Passed - House (216 - 192)
5/21 HR 3019 Federal Prison Oversight Act Bill Passed - House (392 - 2)
5/17 H Res 1213 A resolution regarding violence against law enforcement officers. Resolution Passed - House (337 - 61)
5/16 HR 8146 Police Our Border Act Bill Passed - House (254 - 157)
5/16 HR 354 LEOSA Reform Act Bill Passed - House (221 - 185)
5/16 HR 354 LEOSA Reform Act Bill Passed - House (221 - 185)
5/15 HR 7530 DC CRIMES Act Bill Passed - House (225 - 181)
5/15 HR 7581 Improving Law Enforcement Officer Safety and Wellness Through Data Act Bill Passed - House (356 - 55)
5/15 HR 7343 Detain and Deport Illegal Aliens Who Assault Cops Act Bill Passed - House (265 - 148)
5/14 S 546 Recruit and Retain Act Bill Passed - House (370 - 18)
5/14 HR 7659 Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (376 - 16)
5/01 HR 6090 Antisemitism Awareness Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (320 - 91)
4/19 HR 7888 Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 34)
4/18 HR 7888 Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 32)
4/16 HR 6245 Holding Iranian Leaders Accountable Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 4)
4/16 HR 4681 Illicit Captagon Trafficking Suppression Act Bill Passed - House (410 - 13)
4/16 HR 4681 Illicit Captagon Trafficking Suppression Act Bill Passed - House (410 - 13)
4/15 HR 5923 Iran-China Energy Sanctions Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (383 - 11)
4/15 HR 6408 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to terminate the tax-exempt status of terrorist supporting organizations Bill Passed - House (382 - 11)
4/15 HR 5921 No U.S. Financing for Iran Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (294 - 105)
4/12 HR 7888 Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act Bill Passed - House (273 - 147)
1/31 HR 6678 Consequences for Social Security Fraud Act Bill Passed - House (272 - 155)
1/30 HR 5585 Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act Bill Passed - House (271 - 154)
1/17 H Res 957 Denouncing the Biden administration's open-borders policies, condemning the national security and public safety crisis along the southwest border, and urging President Biden to end his administration's open-borders policies. Resolution Passed - House (225 - 187)
12/13 H Res 927 Condemning antisemitism on University campuses and the testimony of University Presidents in the House Committee on Education and the Workforce. Resolution Passed - House (303 - 126)
12/12 HR 4531 Support for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act Bill Passed - House (386 - 37)
12/05 H Res 894 Strongly condemning and denouncing the drastic rise of antisemitism in the United States and around the world. Resolution Passed - House (311 - 14)
11/30 HR 5961 No Funds for Iranian Terrorism Act Bill Passed - House (307 - 119)
11/02 H Res 798 Condemning the support of Hamas, Hezbollah, and other terrorist organizations at institutions of higher education, which may lead to the creation of a hostile environment for Jewish students, faculty, and staff. Resolution Passed - House (396 - 23)
11/01 H Res 559 Declaring it is the policy of the United States that a nuclear Islamic Republic of Iran is not acceptable. Resolution Passed - House (354 - 53)
11/01 HR 340 Hamas International Financing Prevention Act Bill Passed - House (363 - 46)
9/28 HR 4367 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (220 - 208)
5/25 HR 467 HALT Fentanyl Act Bill Passed - House (289 - 133)
5/25 HR 467 HALT Fentanyl Act Bill Passed - House (289 - 133)
5/18 H Con Res 40 Expressing support for local law enforcement officers and condemning efforts to defund or dismantle local law enforcement agencies Joint Resolution Passed - House (301 - 119)
5/17 HR 3091 Federal Law Enforcement Officer Service Weapon Purchase Act Bill Passed - House (232 - 198)
5/17 HR 3091 Federal Law Enforcement Officer Service Weapon Purchase Act Bill Passed - House (232 - 198)
5/17 HR 2494 POLICE Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (255 - 175)
5/16 H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (56 - 43)
4/19 H J Res 42 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022. Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 189)
3/29 H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (68 - 23)
3/10 S 619 COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 Bill Passed - House (419 - 0)
3/09 HR 140 Protecting Speech from Government Interference Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 206)
3/08 H J Res 26 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Revised Criminal Code Act Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (81 - 14)
2/09 H Res 104 Condemning the Chinese Communist Party's use of a high-altitude surveillance balloon over United States territory as a brazen violation of United States sovereignty Resolution Passed - House (419 - 0)
2/09 H J Res 26 Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Revised Criminal Code Act Joint Resolution Passed - House (250 - 173)
2/01 H J Res 7 Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020 Joint Resolution Passed - House (229 - 197)
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