Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 7, 2025 National HR 881 DHS Restrictions on Confucius Institutes and Chinese Entities of Concern Act Bill Passed - House (266 - 153)
May 6, 2025 National PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
May 6, 2025 National H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
May 6, 2025 National S J Res 7 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Communications Commission relating to "Addressing the Homework Gap Through the E-Rate Program". Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
May 6, 2025 National S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
May 5, 2025 National H J Res 61 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 43)
May 5, 2025 National HR 530 ACES Act Bill Passed - House (376 - 5)
May 5, 2025 National HR 36 Mobilizing and Enhancing Georgia's Options for Building Accountability, Resilience, and Independence (MEGOBARI) Act Bill Passed - House (349 - 42)
May 1, 2025 National H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 1, 2025 National S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
May 1, 2025 National PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
May 1, 2025 National H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - House (246 - 164)
May 1, 2025 National H J Res 78 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for the San Francisco Bay-Delta Distinct Population Segment of the Longfin Smelt". Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 195)
April 30, 2025 National S J Res 49 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose global tariffs. Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 49)
April 30, 2025 National H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
April 30, 2025 National S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 40)
April 30, 2025 National H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - House (225 - 196)
April 30, 2025 National H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - House (231 - 191)
April 29, 2025 National PN 24-5 Nomination of Warren Stephens to be Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 39)
April 29, 2025 National PN 26-18 Nomination of Tilman Fertitta to be Ambassador to the Italian Republic and the Republic of San Marino Nomination Confirmed - Senate (83 - 14)
April 29, 2025 National PN 26-3 Nomination of Thomas Barrack to be Ambassador to the Republic of Turkey Nomination Confirmed - Senate (60 - 36)
April 29, 2025 National PN 54-5 Nomination of David Perdue to be Ambassador to the People's Republic of China Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 29)
April 29, 2025 National PN 24-5 Nomination of Warren Stephens to be Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Cloture Invoked - Senate (59 - 39)
April 29, 2025 National PN 26-18 Nomination of Tilman Fertitta to be Ambassador to the Italian Republic and the Republic of San Marino Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 13)
April 29, 2025 National PN 26-3 Nomination of Thomas Barrack to be Ambassador to the Republic of Turkey Cloture Invoked - Senate (62 - 36)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/07 HR 881 DHS Restrictions on Confucius Institutes and Chinese Entities of Concern Act Bill Passed - House (266 - 153)
5/06 PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
5/06 H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
5/06 S J Res 7 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Communications Commission relating to "Addressing the Homework Gap Through the E-Rate Program". Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
5/06 S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
5/05 H J Res 61 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 43)
5/05 HR 530 ACES Act Bill Passed - House (376 - 5)
5/05 HR 36 Mobilizing and Enhancing Georgia's Options for Building Accountability, Resilience, and Independence (MEGOBARI) Act Bill Passed - House (349 - 42)
5/01 H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/01 S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
5/01 PN 20 Nomination of Frank Bisignano to be Commissioner of the Social Security Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
5/01 H J Res 88 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Advanced Clean Cars II; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - House (246 - 164)
5/01 H J Res 78 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Species Status for the San Francisco Bay-Delta Distinct Population Segment of the Longfin Smelt". Joint Resolution Passed - House (216 - 195)
4/30 S J Res 49 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose global tariffs. Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 49)
4/30 H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
4/30 S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 40)
4/30 H J Res 89 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine and Nonroad Engine Pollution Control Standards; The 'Omnibus' Low NOX Regulation; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - House (225 - 196)
4/30 H J Res 87 Providing congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "California State Motor Vehicle and Engine Pollution Control Standards; Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Emission Warranty and Maintenance Provisions; Advanced Clean Trucks; Zero Emission Airport Shuttle; Zero-Emission Power Train Certification; Waiver of Preemption; Notice of Decision". Joint Resolution Passed - House (231 - 191)
4/29 PN 24-5 Nomination of Warren Stephens to be Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 39)
4/29 PN 26-18 Nomination of Tilman Fertitta to be Ambassador to the Italian Republic and the Republic of San Marino Nomination Confirmed - Senate (83 - 14)
4/29 PN 26-3 Nomination of Thomas Barrack to be Ambassador to the Republic of Turkey Nomination Confirmed - Senate (60 - 36)
4/29 PN 54-5 Nomination of David Perdue to be Ambassador to the People's Republic of China Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 29)
4/29 PN 24-5 Nomination of Warren Stephens to be Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Cloture Invoked - Senate (59 - 39)
4/29 PN 26-18 Nomination of Tilman Fertitta to be Ambassador to the Italian Republic and the Republic of San Marino Cloture Invoked - Senate (84 - 13)
4/29 PN 26-3 Nomination of Thomas Barrack to be Ambassador to the Republic of Turkey Cloture Invoked - Senate (62 - 36)

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