OFFICIALS LEGISLATION INTEREST GROUPS PUBLIC STATEMENTS COMMITTEES VETOES

Illinois Industries Key Votes

State

All States National Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana National Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Issue

All Issues Abortion Agriculture and Food Animals and Wildlife Arts, Entertainment, and History Budget, Spending and Taxes Business and Consumers Business, Consumers, and Employees Campaign Finance Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Conservative Constitution Criminal Justice Death Penalty Defense Drugs Economy and Fiscal Education Elections Employment and Affirmative Action Energy Entitlements and the Safety Net Environment Executive Branch Family Federal, State and Local Relations Finance and Banking Fiscally Conservative Fiscally Liberal Food Processing and Sales Foreign Affairs Foreign Aid Gambling and Gaming Government Budget and Spending Government Operations Guns Health Insurance Health and Health Care High Priority Higher Education Housing and Property Ideology Immigration Impartial/Nonpartisan Indigenous Peoples Industries Infrastructure Issues Judicial Branch K-12 Education Labor Unions Legal Legislative Branch Liberal Low Priority Marijuana Marriage Military Personnel Minors and Children Monetary Policy National Security Natural Resources Oil and Gas Populations Priorities Religion Reproduction Science Science, Technology and Communication Senior Citizens Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Social Socially Conservative Socially Liberal Stem Cell Research Taxes Technology and Communication Trade Transportation Unemployed and Low-Income Veterans Women

Year

All Years 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1986 1901

Chamber

All House Senate

Keyword Search

Search string must be longer than 3 characters.

Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

Page 1 of 3
results per page:
100 75 50 25
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 31, 2026 IL SB 2524 Authorizes Intellectual Disability or Autism Designations on Driver's Licenses Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (58 - 0)
May 20, 2026 IL SB 3211 Establishes Regulations on Teledentistry and Dental Hygienist Services Bill Passed - Senate (58 - 0)
April 15, 2026 IL SB 3336 Restricts E-Bike and E-Scooter Usage Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 0)
Oct. 31, 2025 IL SB 2111 Establishes the Northern Illinois Transit Authority and Appropriates Funds for Public Transit Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (36 - 21)
Oct. 30, 2025 IL HB 3564 Prohibits a Landlord from Imposing a Move-In Fee for Renters Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
May 31, 2025 IL SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (41 - 15)
May 29, 2025 IL HB 1697 Prohibits Spread Pricing and Patient Steering Bill Passed - Senate (56 - 1)
May 22, 2025 IL HB 1806 Prohibits the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health Services Bill Passed - Senate (56 - 0)
May 22, 2025 IL HB 3094 Amends the Transportation Benefits Program Act Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 13)
May 22, 2025 IL HB 2688 Amends the Nurse Practice Act to Expand Collaborative and Practice Authority for Certified Nurse Midwives Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 1)
May 21, 2025 IL HB 1859 Prohibits the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) As an Instructional Tool Bill Passed - Senate (46 - 12)
April 30, 2025 IL SB 191 Requires All School Buses in K-12 Schools To Have Seat Belts On Them Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 13)
April 10, 2025 IL SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 17)
April 10, 2025 IL SB 2285 Defines Low-Speed Electric Bikes and Human-Powered E-Bikes as Bicycles Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 11)
April 10, 2025 IL SB 2111 Authorizes Cyclist to Yield at Stop Signs Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 4)
April 9, 2025 IL SB 1607 Establishes the Illinois Freedom Trails Commission Bill Passed - Senate (56 - 0)
April 9, 2025 IL SB 2427 Prohibits Phone Usage for Students While at School Bill Passed - Senate (55 - 0)
April 3, 2025 IL SB 1441 Limits Accounts Under the Secure Choice Savings Program Act to IRA Accounts Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 6)
Jan. 6, 2025 IL HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
May 26, 2024 IL HB 4867 Amends the Illinois Human Rights Act by Adding Reproductive Health Decisions Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 18)
May 26, 2024 IL HB 5496 Authorizes the Illinois Department of Transportation to Accept Unsolicited Bids for an Airport in Will County Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 2)
May 26, 2024 IL HB 581 Establishes and Codifies the Federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act Into State Law Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 19)
May 24, 2024 IL SB 3481 Requires Electric Vehicle Battery Storage Facilities Register with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (44 - 15)
May 24, 2024 IL SB 3686 Requires Battery Producers and Importers Implement an Illinois EPA-Approved Battery Stewardship Plan Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 14)
May 24, 2024 IL SB 3771 Authorizes Exonerated Individuals to Pass State Benefits Covering Higher Education Costs on to Dependents Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 11)
May 24, 2024 IL HB 2363 Prohibits the Sale of Certain Fluorescent Lamps Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 19)
May 23, 2024 IL HB 4926 Prohibits Landlords from Charging a Fee to Access a Tenant Screening Report Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 17)
May 23, 2024 IL HB 2499 Prohibits the Sale of Short-Term Limited-Duration Insurance Plans Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 19)
May 23, 2024 IL HB 5395 Establishes New Controls on the State's Health Insurance Industry Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 14)
May 23, 2024 IL HB 277 Requires Drivers Appearing in Court Have More Notice Before License Suspension Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 15)
May 23, 2024 IL HB 4895 Requires Climate Change Education be Taught in State Public Schools Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 16)
May 23, 2024 IL HB 5057 Amends the Educator Licensure Article of the School Code Bill Passed - Senate (55 - 2)
May 22, 2024 IL HB 4768 Prohibits Landlords from Retaliating Against Tenants Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 19)
May 22, 2024 IL HB 4175 Prohibits Corporeal and Physical Punishment in Schools Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 8)
May 15, 2024 IL HB 4206 Authorizes Tenants to Pay Landlords Through Cash or Paper Check to Avoid Transaction Fees Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 12)
May 2, 2024 IL SB 3751 Specifies Requirements for Provisions Relating to Illinois Health Outcomes Review Board Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 18)
April 18, 2024 IL SB 3235 Amends the Illinois Community Reinvestment Act Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 19)
April 17, 2024 IL SB 1087 Requires the Illinois Department of Public Health to Create a Public Health Awareness Campaign on Mold Exposure Bill Passed - Senate (55 - 0)
April 17, 2024 IL SB 1087 Requires the Illinois Department of Public Health to Create a Public Health Awareness Campaign on Mold Exposure Bill Passed - Senate (55 - 0)
April 12, 2024 IL SB 3297 Amends the Housing is Recovery Pilot Program Act Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 2)
April 11, 2024 IL SB 2933 Establishes Revisions for the Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act Bill Passed - Senate (58 - 0)
April 11, 2024 IL SB 3136 Establishes the Family Recovery Plans Implementation Task Force Act Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 15)
April 10, 2024 IL SB 2872 Amends the Courses of Study Article of the School Code Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 19)
April 10, 2024 IL SB 3784 Amends the Illinois Sexually Transmissible Disease Control Act Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 16)
April 10, 2024 IL SB 2935 Amends the Mobile Landlord and Tenant Act Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 17)
April 9, 2024 IL SB 2662 Prohibits Companies from Selling Vaping Products that are Made to Look Like Everyday Household Items Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 1)
April 9, 2024 IL SB 275 Authorizes Individuals to be Issued 8-Year Driver's Licenses for $60 Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 0)
Nov. 8, 2023 IL HB 2473 Authorizes Construction of New Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 7)
May 25, 2023 IL HB 3445 Amends Power Line Construction Regulation in Southern Illinois Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 9)
May 24, 2023 IL HB 3882 Authorizes Undocumented Immigrants to Obtain a Standardized Illinois Driver's License Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 18)
May 19, 2023 IL SB 76 Repeals the Moratorium on New Nuclear Power Plant Construction Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (36 - 14)
May 19, 2023 IL SB 1476 Restructures the State Housing Appeals Board and Affordable Housing Plan Requirements Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (39 - 17)
May 19, 2023 IL SB 1665 Exempts Unconditional Subsidies from Medical Financial Assistance Considerations Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (38 - 18)
May 17, 2023 IL HB 3892 Authorizes the Development of Urban Gardening at Affordable Housing Projects Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 11)
May 17, 2023 IL HB 2531 Establishes a South Suburban Airport in Peotone Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 20)
May 17, 2023 IL HB 3892 Authorizes the Development of Urban Gardening at Affordable Housing Projects Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 11)
May 11, 2023 IL HB 2222 Amends the Illinois Health Facilities Planning Act and Requires That the Attorney General Receive Notice of all Covered Transactions Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 19)
May 4, 2023 IL HB 2231 Requires Ride Share Companies like Uber and Lyft be Liable for Accidents Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 18)
May 3, 2023 IL HB 2789 Prohibits Librarians From Banning Books Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 19)
March 31, 2023 IL SB 1909 Authorizes Lawsuits Against Crisis Pregnancy Centers Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 19)
March 29, 2023 IL SB 67 Requires the Department of Public Health to Provide Newborns with Screening Tests for the Presence of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Bill Passed - Senate (46 - 11)
March 24, 2023 IL SB 2243 Requires Completion of a Statewide Comprehensive Literacy Plan Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 0)
March 24, 2023 IL SB 724 Establishes the Interagency Children's Behavioral Health Services Act Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 0)
Jan. 6, 2023 IL HB 5107 Establishes Collective Bargaining Rights for Chicago School Principals but Prohibits Strikes Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 7)
Dec. 1, 2022 IL SB 1698 Amends Unemployment Insurance Law Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 8)
Dec. 1, 2022 IL HB 4218 Requires Free Underwear and Menstrual Hygiene Products for Prisoners Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 0)
Nov. 30, 2022 IL HB 5189 Amends Tax Credit for Electric Vehicle Manufacturers Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 5)
Nov. 30, 2022 IL HB 5189 Amends Tax Credit for Electric Vehicle Manufacturers Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 5)
April 6, 2022 IL HB 5201 Establishes Agriculture Equity Commission Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 2)
April 5, 2022 IL HB 1321 Authorizes Access to Mental Health Resources for First Responders Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 0)
April 1, 2022 IL HB 2775 Prohibits Discrimination in Housing Based on One's Source of Income Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 17)
March 31, 2022 IL HB 1167 Authorizes Vaccinated Teachers to Take COVID-19 Sick Days Without Repercussions Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 18)
March 31, 2022 IL HB 1167 Authorizes Vaccinated Teachers to Take COVID-19 Sick Days Without Repercussions Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 18)
March 30, 2022 IL HB 4645 Establishes the Equity and Representation in Health Care Act Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 0)
Feb. 23, 2022 IL SB 3023 Establishes Protection for Survivors of Sexual Assault Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 0)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/31 SB 2524 Authorizes Intellectual Disability or Autism Designations on Driver's Licenses Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (58 - 0)
5/20 SB 3211 Establishes Regulations on Teledentistry and Dental Hygienist Services Bill Passed - Senate (58 - 0)
4/15 SB 3336 Restricts E-Bike and E-Scooter Usage Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 0)
10/31 SB 2111 Establishes the Northern Illinois Transit Authority and Appropriates Funds for Public Transit Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (36 - 21)
10/30 HB 3564 Prohibits a Landlord from Imposing a Move-In Fee for Renters Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
5/31 SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (41 - 15)
5/29 HB 1697 Prohibits Spread Pricing and Patient Steering Bill Passed - Senate (56 - 1)
5/22 HB 1806 Prohibits the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health Services Bill Passed - Senate (56 - 0)
5/22 HB 3094 Amends the Transportation Benefits Program Act Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 13)
5/22 HB 2688 Amends the Nurse Practice Act to Expand Collaborative and Practice Authority for Certified Nurse Midwives Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 1)
5/21 HB 1859 Prohibits the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) As an Instructional Tool Bill Passed - Senate (46 - 12)
4/30 SB 191 Requires All School Buses in K-12 Schools To Have Seat Belts On Them Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 13)
4/10 SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 17)
4/10 SB 2285 Defines Low-Speed Electric Bikes and Human-Powered E-Bikes as Bicycles Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 11)
4/10 SB 2111 Authorizes Cyclist to Yield at Stop Signs Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 4)
4/09 SB 1607 Establishes the Illinois Freedom Trails Commission Bill Passed - Senate (56 - 0)
4/09 SB 2427 Prohibits Phone Usage for Students While at School Bill Passed - Senate (55 - 0)
4/03 SB 1441 Limits Accounts Under the Secure Choice Savings Program Act to IRA Accounts Bill Passed - Senate (48 - 6)
1/06 HB 587 Increases Renewable Energy State Storage Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 16)
5/26 HB 4867 Amends the Illinois Human Rights Act by Adding Reproductive Health Decisions Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 18)
5/26 HB 5496 Authorizes the Illinois Department of Transportation to Accept Unsolicited Bids for an Airport in Will County Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 2)
5/26 HB 581 Establishes and Codifies the Federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act Into State Law Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 19)
5/24 SB 3481 Requires Electric Vehicle Battery Storage Facilities Register with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (44 - 15)
5/24 SB 3686 Requires Battery Producers and Importers Implement an Illinois EPA-Approved Battery Stewardship Plan Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 14)
5/24 SB 3771 Authorizes Exonerated Individuals to Pass State Benefits Covering Higher Education Costs on to Dependents Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 11)
5/24 HB 2363 Prohibits the Sale of Certain Fluorescent Lamps Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 19)
5/23 HB 4926 Prohibits Landlords from Charging a Fee to Access a Tenant Screening Report Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 17)
5/23 HB 2499 Prohibits the Sale of Short-Term Limited-Duration Insurance Plans Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 19)
5/23 HB 5395 Establishes New Controls on the State's Health Insurance Industry Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 14)
5/23 HB 277 Requires Drivers Appearing in Court Have More Notice Before License Suspension Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 15)
5/23 HB 4895 Requires Climate Change Education be Taught in State Public Schools Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 16)
5/23 HB 5057 Amends the Educator Licensure Article of the School Code Bill Passed - Senate (55 - 2)
5/22 HB 4768 Prohibits Landlords from Retaliating Against Tenants Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 19)
5/22 HB 4175 Prohibits Corporeal and Physical Punishment in Schools Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 8)
5/15 HB 4206 Authorizes Tenants to Pay Landlords Through Cash or Paper Check to Avoid Transaction Fees Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 12)
5/02 SB 3751 Specifies Requirements for Provisions Relating to Illinois Health Outcomes Review Board Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 18)
4/18 SB 3235 Amends the Illinois Community Reinvestment Act Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 19)
4/17 SB 1087 Requires the Illinois Department of Public Health to Create a Public Health Awareness Campaign on Mold Exposure Bill Passed - Senate (55 - 0)
4/17 SB 1087 Requires the Illinois Department of Public Health to Create a Public Health Awareness Campaign on Mold Exposure Bill Passed - Senate (55 - 0)
4/12 SB 3297 Amends the Housing is Recovery Pilot Program Act Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 2)
4/11 SB 2933 Establishes Revisions for the Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act Bill Passed - Senate (58 - 0)
4/11 SB 3136 Establishes the Family Recovery Plans Implementation Task Force Act Bill Passed - Senate (43 - 15)
4/10 SB 2872 Amends the Courses of Study Article of the School Code Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 19)
4/10 SB 3784 Amends the Illinois Sexually Transmissible Disease Control Act Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 16)
4/10 SB 2935 Amends the Mobile Landlord and Tenant Act Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 17)
4/09 SB 2662 Prohibits Companies from Selling Vaping Products that are Made to Look Like Everyday Household Items Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 1)
4/09 SB 275 Authorizes Individuals to be Issued 8-Year Driver's Licenses for $60 Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 0)
11/08 HB 2473 Authorizes Construction of New Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 7)
5/25 HB 3445 Amends Power Line Construction Regulation in Southern Illinois Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 9)
5/24 HB 3882 Authorizes Undocumented Immigrants to Obtain a Standardized Illinois Driver's License Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 18)
5/19 SB 76 Repeals the Moratorium on New Nuclear Power Plant Construction Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (36 - 14)
5/19 SB 1476 Restructures the State Housing Appeals Board and Affordable Housing Plan Requirements Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (39 - 17)
5/19 SB 1665 Exempts Unconditional Subsidies from Medical Financial Assistance Considerations Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (38 - 18)
5/17 HB 3892 Authorizes the Development of Urban Gardening at Affordable Housing Projects Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 11)
5/17 HB 2531 Establishes a South Suburban Airport in Peotone Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 20)
5/17 HB 3892 Authorizes the Development of Urban Gardening at Affordable Housing Projects Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 11)
5/11 HB 2222 Amends the Illinois Health Facilities Planning Act and Requires That the Attorney General Receive Notice of all Covered Transactions Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 19)
5/04 HB 2231 Requires Ride Share Companies like Uber and Lyft be Liable for Accidents Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 18)
5/03 HB 2789 Prohibits Librarians From Banning Books Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 19)
3/31 SB 1909 Authorizes Lawsuits Against Crisis Pregnancy Centers Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 19)
3/29 SB 67 Requires the Department of Public Health to Provide Newborns with Screening Tests for the Presence of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Bill Passed - Senate (46 - 11)
3/24 SB 2243 Requires Completion of a Statewide Comprehensive Literacy Plan Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 0)
3/24 SB 724 Establishes the Interagency Children's Behavioral Health Services Act Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 0)
1/06 HB 5107 Establishes Collective Bargaining Rights for Chicago School Principals but Prohibits Strikes Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 7)
12/01 SB 1698 Amends Unemployment Insurance Law Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (45 - 8)
12/01 HB 4218 Requires Free Underwear and Menstrual Hygiene Products for Prisoners Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 0)
11/30 HB 5189 Amends Tax Credit for Electric Vehicle Manufacturers Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 5)
11/30 HB 5189 Amends Tax Credit for Electric Vehicle Manufacturers Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 5)
4/06 HB 5201 Establishes Agriculture Equity Commission Bill Passed - Senate (44 - 2)
4/05 HB 1321 Authorizes Access to Mental Health Resources for First Responders Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 0)
4/01 HB 2775 Prohibits Discrimination in Housing Based on One's Source of Income Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 17)
3/31 HB 1167 Authorizes Vaccinated Teachers to Take COVID-19 Sick Days Without Repercussions Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 18)
3/31 HB 1167 Authorizes Vaccinated Teachers to Take COVID-19 Sick Days Without Repercussions Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 18)
3/30 HB 4645 Establishes the Equity and Representation in Health Care Act Bill Passed - Senate (54 - 0)
2/23 SB 3023 Establishes Protection for Survivors of Sexual Assault Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 0)
Page 1 of 3
arrow_upward