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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Dec. 11, 2025 National HR 3383 Increasing Investor Opportunities Act Bill Passed - House (302 - 123)
Nov. 19, 2025 WI AB 385 Requires Verification of Security Code and Billing Address for a Political Entity to Accept an Online Donation Via Credit Card Bill Passed - House (55 - 42)
Oct. 29, 2025 MA H 4670 Establishes a Personal Financial Literacy Education Fund Bill Passed - House (155 - 0)
Oct. 28, 2025 PA HB 1882 Exempts Banking Institutions and Credit Unions From Mortgage Loan Industry Licensing Requirements Bill Passed - House (104 - 99)
Oct. 8, 2025 PA SB 1040 Authorizes Treasurer Stacy Garrity to Waive Interest, Costs and Fees on Loans Administered Through her Short-Term Loan Program Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 20)
Sept. 15, 2025 National PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 47)
Sept. 15, 2025 National PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
July 31, 2025 MA S 2575 Increases Pay for Public Defenders Conference Report Adopted - House (150 - 6)
July 23, 2025 National PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
July 17, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Bill Passed - House (308 - 122)
July 17, 2025 CA AB 1029 Expands Financial Disclosure Requirements to Include Digital Assets Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
July 17, 2025 National PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
July 17, 2025 National HR 3633 Digital Asset Market Clarity Act (CLARITY Act) Bill Passed - House (294 - 134)
July 17, 2025 National HR 1919 Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 210)
July 15, 2025 National PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (69 - 30)
July 14, 2025 National PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 28)
July 10, 2025 National PN 25-15 Nomination of Jonathan Gould to be Comptroller of the Currency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
July 10, 2025 National PN 25-15 Nomination of Jonathan Gould to be Comptroller of the Currency Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 2390 Specifies that Grant Preferences Given to Municipalities that Meet Housing Requirements Do Not Apply to Municipalities Seeking to Meet Those Requirements Concurrence Vote Passed - House (54 - 25)
June 30, 2025 NJ S 4377 Authorizes New Jersey Infrastructure Bank to Expend Sums to Make Loans for Financing Transportation Infrastructure Projects Bill Passed - House (79 - 0)
June 26, 2025 National PN 13-7 Nomination of Kenneth Kies to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 45)
June 25, 2025 ME LD 874 Appropriates Relief to Federal or State Employees Affected by a Federal Government or State Government Shutdown (81 - 59)
June 25, 2025 National PN 26-12 Nomination of Paul Dabbar to be Deputy Secretary of Commerce Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 40)
June 25, 2025 National PN 13-7 Nomination of Kenneth Kies to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 44)
June 24, 2025 National PN 26-12 Nomination of Paul Dabbar to be Deputy Secretary of Commerce Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 42)
June 20, 2025 RI S 229 Prohibits Payday Lending Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 6)
June 17, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Bill Passed - Senate (58 - 30)
June 12, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 27)
June 12, 2025 National PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 44)
June 11, 2025 National PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 46)
June 11, 2025 PA SB 719 Expands the Qualification Process for Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) to Add an Alternative Pathway to Enter the Profession Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
June 4, 2025 National PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 46)
June 4, 2025 National PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
June 4, 2025 CT HB 7003 Appropriates Funding for the Connecticut State Budget Bill Passed - House (80 - 70)
June 2, 2025 NJ A 2390 Specifies that Grant Preferences Given to Municipalities that Meet Housing Requirements Do Not Apply to Municipalities Seeking to Meet Those Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 15)
June 2, 2025 NJ S 4377 Authorizes New Jersey Infrastructure Bank to Expend Sums to Make Loans for Financing Transportation Infrastructure Projects Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
May 31, 2025 IL SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (41 - 15)
May 30, 2025 IL SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Bill Passed - House (76 - 38)
May 22, 2025 National S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 207)
May 20, 2025 AK SB 39 Prohibits Payday Loans and Restricts Loans to a Maximum 36% Annual Percentage Rate Bill Passed - House (24 - 16)
May 19, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 32)
May 16, 2025 AK HB 75 Amends Permanent Fund Dividend Division Concurrence Vote Passed - House (30 - 9)
May 16, 2025 AK SB 96 Establishes a New Grant Program for Child Care and Expands the Number of Families Eligible for Child Care Assistance from the State. Bill Passed - House (35 - 4)
May 12, 2025 AK SB 183 Require State Officials to Turn Over Data in the Format Requested By The Legislative Auditor. Bill Passed - House (30 - 10)
May 8, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 49)
May 7, 2025 National S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
May 7, 2025 NC SB 554 Prohibits Banks and Credit Unions from Denying Loans to Agriculture Producers Based on Their Lack of Commitment to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 11)
May 6, 2025 National S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
May 6, 2025 MI HB 4241 Prohibits Certain Countries of Concern from Receiving Public Financial Support from the State of Michigan Bill Passed - House (66 - 44)
May 5, 2025 AK SB 96 Establishes a New Grant Program for Child Care and Expands the Number of Families Eligible for Child Care Assistance from the State. Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 1)
Date No. Title Outcome
12/11 HR 3383 Increasing Investor Opportunities Act Bill Passed - House (302 - 123)
11/19 AB 385 Requires Verification of Security Code and Billing Address for a Political Entity to Accept an Online Donation Via Credit Card Bill Passed - House (55 - 42)
10/29 H 4670 Establishes a Personal Financial Literacy Education Fund Bill Passed - House (155 - 0)
10/28 HB 1882 Exempts Banking Institutions and Credit Unions From Mortgage Loan Industry Licensing Requirements Bill Passed - House (104 - 99)
10/08 SB 1040 Authorizes Treasurer Stacy Garrity to Waive Interest, Costs and Fees on Loans Administered Through her Short-Term Loan Program Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 20)
9/15 PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 47)
9/15 PN 464 Nomination of Stephen Miran to be a Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 44)
7/31 S 2575 Increases Pay for Public Defenders Conference Report Adopted - House (150 - 6)
7/23 PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
7/17 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Bill Passed - House (308 - 122)
7/17 AB 1029 Expands Financial Disclosure Requirements to Include Digital Assets Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
7/17 PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
7/17 HR 3633 Digital Asset Market Clarity Act (CLARITY Act) Bill Passed - House (294 - 134)
7/17 HR 1919 Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act Bill Passed - House (219 - 210)
7/15 PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (69 - 30)
7/14 PN 25-39 Nomination of Luke Pettit to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 28)
7/10 PN 25-15 Nomination of Jonathan Gould to be Comptroller of the Currency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
7/10 PN 25-15 Nomination of Jonathan Gould to be Comptroller of the Currency Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
6/30 A 2390 Specifies that Grant Preferences Given to Municipalities that Meet Housing Requirements Do Not Apply to Municipalities Seeking to Meet Those Requirements Concurrence Vote Passed - House (54 - 25)
6/30 S 4377 Authorizes New Jersey Infrastructure Bank to Expend Sums to Make Loans for Financing Transportation Infrastructure Projects Bill Passed - House (79 - 0)
6/26 PN 13-7 Nomination of Kenneth Kies to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 45)
6/25 LD 874 Appropriates Relief to Federal or State Employees Affected by a Federal Government or State Government Shutdown (81 - 59)
6/25 PN 26-12 Nomination of Paul Dabbar to be Deputy Secretary of Commerce Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 40)
6/25 PN 13-7 Nomination of Kenneth Kies to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 44)
6/24 PN 26-12 Nomination of Paul Dabbar to be Deputy Secretary of Commerce Cloture Invoked - Senate (56 - 42)
6/20 S 229 Prohibits Payday Lending Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 6)
6/17 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Bill Passed - Senate (58 - 30)
6/12 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 27)
6/12 PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 44)
6/11 PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 46)
6/11 SB 719 Expands the Qualification Process for Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) to Add an Alternative Pathway to Enter the Profession Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
6/04 PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 46)
6/04 PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
6/04 HB 7003 Appropriates Funding for the Connecticut State Budget Bill Passed - House (80 - 70)
6/02 A 2390 Specifies that Grant Preferences Given to Municipalities that Meet Housing Requirements Do Not Apply to Municipalities Seeking to Meet Those Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 15)
6/02 S 4377 Authorizes New Jersey Infrastructure Bank to Expend Sums to Make Loans for Financing Transportation Infrastructure Projects Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
5/31 SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (41 - 15)
5/30 SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Bill Passed - House (76 - 38)
5/22 S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - House (220 - 207)
5/20 SB 39 Prohibits Payday Loans and Restricts Loans to a Maximum 36% Annual Percentage Rate Bill Passed - House (24 - 16)
5/19 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 32)
5/16 HB 75 Amends Permanent Fund Dividend Division Concurrence Vote Passed - House (30 - 9)
5/16 SB 96 Establishes a New Grant Program for Child Care and Expands the Number of Families Eligible for Child Care Assistance from the State. Bill Passed - House (35 - 4)
5/12 SB 183 Require State Officials to Turn Over Data in the Format Requested By The Legislative Auditor. Bill Passed - House (30 - 10)
5/08 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 49)
5/07 S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
5/07 SB 554 Prohibits Banks and Credit Unions from Denying Loans to Agriculture Producers Based on Their Lack of Commitment to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 11)
5/06 S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
5/06 HB 4241 Prohibits Certain Countries of Concern from Receiving Public Financial Support from the State of Michigan Bill Passed - House (66 - 44)
5/05 SB 96 Establishes a New Grant Program for Child Care and Expands the Number of Families Eligible for Child Care Assistance from the State. Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 1)
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