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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Aug. 12, 2025 TX SB 3 (Special Session) Appropriates $200 Million to Cover the Projected 25% Non-Federal Matching Funds for FEMA Reimbursement Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
Aug. 12, 2025 TX SB 13 (Special Session) Establishes Water Project Incentives Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
Aug. 12, 2025 TX SB 2 (Special Session) Requires the Texas Water Development Board to Identify High-Risk Flood Areas and Require Local Governments to Install Outdoor Warning Sirens in Those Locations Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
Aug. 12, 2025 TX SB 1 (Special Session) Requires Youth Camps Located in 100-Year Floodplains to Develop and Carry Out Flood Evacuation Plans During Flood Warnings Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 12-26 Nomination of Luke Lindberg to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (78 - 17)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 25-16 Nomination of Catherine Hanson to be Chief Financial Officer of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 12-26 Nomination of Luke Lindberg to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Cloture Invoked - Senate (76 - 19)
Aug. 1, 2025 National PN 25-35 Nomination of Brian Nesvik to be Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
July 31, 2025 National PN 25-8 Nomination of Tyler Clarkson to be General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
July 30, 2025 National PN 25-8 Nomination of Tyler Clarkson to be General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 44)
July 29, 2025 NC SB 266 Repeals North Carolina's Interim 2030 Carbon-Reduction Mandate Veto Override Passed - House (74 - 46)
July 29, 2025 NC SB 266 Repeals North Carolina's Interim 2030 Carbon-Reduction Mandate Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 18)
July 28, 2025 National PN 345-20 Nomination of David Wright to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 39)
July 28, 2025 National PN 345-20 Nomination of David Wright to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
July 23, 2025 National PN 25-53 Nomination of Aaron Szabo to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 47)
July 23, 2025 National PN 25-53 Nomination of Aaron Szabo to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (48 - 47)
July 22, 2025 National HR 1917 Great Lakes Mass Marking Program Act Bill Passed - House (360 - 57)
July 22, 2025 National HR 1917 Great Lakes Mass Marking Program Act Bill Passed - House (360 - 57)
July 14, 2025 National S 1596 Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge Act Bill Passed - House (372 - 0)
July 14, 2025 National S 1596 Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge Act Bill Passed - House (372 - 0)
July 10, 2025 CA AB 642 Authorizes School Employees to Donate Leave to Coworkers Impacted by a Governor-Declared State of Emergency Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
July 9, 2025 National PN 12-20 Nomination of Preston Griffith to be Under Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
July 8, 2025 National PN 12-20 Nomination of Preston Griffith to be Under Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (47 - 41)
July 3, 2025 CA AB 1459 Amends Regulations for Hazardous Waste in Underground Storage Tanks Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
June 30, 2025 NJ S 4467 Authorizes the New Jersey Infrastructure Bank to Expand Sums to Make Loans for Environmental Infrastructure Projects in Fiscal Year 2026 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
June 30, 2025 PA HB 1431 Repeals the Prohibition on Sunday Hunting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (142 - 61)
June 30, 2025 PA HB 1431 Repeals the Prohibition on Sunday Hunting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (142 - 61)
June 30, 2025 NJ S 4530 Requires The Board of Public Utilities to Revise Community Solar Program Targets Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (26 - 13)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 5267 Requires the Board of Public Utilities to Establish an Incentive Program for the Development of Transmission-Scale Energy Storage Systems Concurrence Vote Passed - House (54 - 23)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 5563 Establishes a "Summer Termination Program" for Certain Utility Customers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 11)
June 30, 2025 DE SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (15 - 6)
June 30, 2025 DE SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (15 - 6)
June 30, 2025 PA HB 103 Establishes Regulations for At-Risk, Derelict or Abandoned Boats and Imposes Penalties Concurrence Vote Passed - House (201 - 2)
June 30, 2025 DE SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Bill Passed - House (25 - 15)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 5267 Requires the Board of Public Utilities to Establish an Incentive Program for the Development of Transmission-Scale Energy Storage Systems Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 14)
June 30, 2025 DE SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Bill Passed - House (25 - 15)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 5563 Establishes a "Summer Termination Program" for Certain Utility Customers Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 14)
June 30, 2025 NJ S 4530 Requires The Board of Public Utilities to Revise Community Solar Program Targets Bill Passed - House (56 - 23)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 5264 Requires the Establishment of an Automated Platform to Expedite Approval to Build Residential Solar Units Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
June 30, 2025 NJ A 4603 Authorizes Commercial Farmers to be Awarded Legal Fees for Defending Against Bad Faith Complaints Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
June 27, 2025 CA SB 127 Appropriates Funds for Climate Change Reform Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 9)
June 27, 2025 CA SB 127 Appropriates Funds for Climate Change Reform Bill Passed - House (58 - 19)
June 26, 2025 NC HB 850 Establishes a Moratorium on Insurance of Certificates for Certain Surface Water Transfers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (105 - 1)
June 26, 2025 NC HB 694 Requires the Environmental Finance Center at UNC Chapel Hill to Study Water and Wastewater Regionalization Concurrence Vote Passed - House (66 - 42)
June 26, 2025 PA HB 1431 Repeals the Prohibition on Sunday Hunting Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 16)
June 26, 2025 PA HB 1431 Repeals the Prohibition on Sunday Hunting Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 16)
June 26, 2025 OR SB 1051 Authorizes the Governor to Appoint a State Forester With Senate Confirmation Bill Passed - House (36 - 11)
June 24, 2025 OR SB 83 Repeals a Map Which Identified Parts of Oregon as High Risk for Catastrophic Wildfires Bill Passed - House (50 - 1)
June 24, 2025 OR HB 2066 Authorizes the Use of Microgrids and Requires the Oregon Public Utilities Commission to Establish Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 3)
June 23, 2025 OR HB 2066 Authorizes the Use of Microgrids and Requires the Oregon Public Utilities Commission to Establish Regulations Bill Passed - House (41 - 1)
Date No. Title Outcome
8/12 SB 3 (Special Session) Appropriates $200 Million to Cover the Projected 25% Non-Federal Matching Funds for FEMA Reimbursement Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
8/12 SB 13 (Special Session) Establishes Water Project Incentives Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
8/12 SB 2 (Special Session) Requires the Texas Water Development Board to Identify High-Risk Flood Areas and Require Local Governments to Install Outdoor Warning Sirens in Those Locations Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
8/12 SB 1 (Special Session) Requires Youth Camps Located in 100-Year Floodplains to Develop and Carry Out Flood Evacuation Plans During Flood Warnings Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
8/02 PN 12-26 Nomination of Luke Lindberg to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (78 - 17)
8/02 PN 25-16 Nomination of Catherine Hanson to be Chief Financial Officer of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
8/02 PN 12-26 Nomination of Luke Lindberg to be Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs Cloture Invoked - Senate (76 - 19)
8/01 PN 25-35 Nomination of Brian Nesvik to be Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
7/31 PN 25-8 Nomination of Tyler Clarkson to be General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
7/30 PN 25-8 Nomination of Tyler Clarkson to be General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 44)
7/29 SB 266 Repeals North Carolina's Interim 2030 Carbon-Reduction Mandate Veto Override Passed - House (74 - 46)
7/29 SB 266 Repeals North Carolina's Interim 2030 Carbon-Reduction Mandate Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 18)
7/28 PN 345-20 Nomination of David Wright to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 39)
7/28 PN 345-20 Nomination of David Wright to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
7/23 PN 25-53 Nomination of Aaron Szabo to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 47)
7/23 PN 25-53 Nomination of Aaron Szabo to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (48 - 47)
7/22 HR 1917 Great Lakes Mass Marking Program Act Bill Passed - House (360 - 57)
7/22 HR 1917 Great Lakes Mass Marking Program Act Bill Passed - House (360 - 57)
7/14 S 1596 Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge Act Bill Passed - House (372 - 0)
7/14 S 1596 Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge Act Bill Passed - House (372 - 0)
7/10 AB 642 Authorizes School Employees to Donate Leave to Coworkers Impacted by a Governor-Declared State of Emergency Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
7/09 PN 12-20 Nomination of Preston Griffith to be Under Secretary of Energy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
7/08 PN 12-20 Nomination of Preston Griffith to be Under Secretary of Energy Cloture Invoked - Senate (47 - 41)
7/03 AB 1459 Amends Regulations for Hazardous Waste in Underground Storage Tanks Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
6/30 S 4467 Authorizes the New Jersey Infrastructure Bank to Expand Sums to Make Loans for Environmental Infrastructure Projects in Fiscal Year 2026 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
6/30 HB 1431 Repeals the Prohibition on Sunday Hunting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (142 - 61)
6/30 HB 1431 Repeals the Prohibition on Sunday Hunting Concurrence Vote Passed - House (142 - 61)
6/30 S 4530 Requires The Board of Public Utilities to Revise Community Solar Program Targets Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (26 - 13)
6/30 A 5267 Requires the Board of Public Utilities to Establish an Incentive Program for the Development of Transmission-Scale Energy Storage Systems Concurrence Vote Passed - House (54 - 23)
6/30 A 5563 Establishes a "Summer Termination Program" for Certain Utility Customers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (57 - 11)
6/30 SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (15 - 6)
6/30 SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (15 - 6)
6/30 HB 103 Establishes Regulations for At-Risk, Derelict or Abandoned Boats and Imposes Penalties Concurrence Vote Passed - House (201 - 2)
6/30 SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Bill Passed - House (25 - 15)
6/30 A 5267 Requires the Board of Public Utilities to Establish an Incentive Program for the Development of Transmission-Scale Energy Storage Systems Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 14)
6/30 SB 159 Authorizes Renewable Energy Substations in Industrial Zones Bill Passed - House (25 - 15)
6/30 A 5563 Establishes a "Summer Termination Program" for Certain Utility Customers Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 14)
6/30 S 4530 Requires The Board of Public Utilities to Revise Community Solar Program Targets Bill Passed - House (56 - 23)
6/30 A 5264 Requires the Establishment of an Automated Platform to Expedite Approval to Build Residential Solar Units Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
6/30 A 4603 Authorizes Commercial Farmers to be Awarded Legal Fees for Defending Against Bad Faith Complaints Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 0)
6/27 SB 127 Appropriates Funds for Climate Change Reform Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 9)
6/27 SB 127 Appropriates Funds for Climate Change Reform Bill Passed - House (58 - 19)
6/26 HB 850 Establishes a Moratorium on Insurance of Certificates for Certain Surface Water Transfers Concurrence Vote Passed - House (105 - 1)
6/26 HB 694 Requires the Environmental Finance Center at UNC Chapel Hill to Study Water and Wastewater Regionalization Concurrence Vote Passed - House (66 - 42)
6/26 HB 1431 Repeals the Prohibition on Sunday Hunting Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 16)
6/26 HB 1431 Repeals the Prohibition on Sunday Hunting Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 16)
6/26 SB 1051 Authorizes the Governor to Appoint a State Forester With Senate Confirmation Bill Passed - House (36 - 11)
6/24 SB 83 Repeals a Map Which Identified Parts of Oregon as High Risk for Catastrophic Wildfires Bill Passed - House (50 - 1)
6/24 HB 2066 Authorizes the Use of Microgrids and Requires the Oregon Public Utilities Commission to Establish Regulations Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 3)
6/23 HB 2066 Authorizes the Use of Microgrids and Requires the Oregon Public Utilities Commission to Establish Regulations Bill Passed - House (41 - 1)
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