Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
June 12, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 27)
June 12, 2025 National PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 44)
June 11, 2025 National PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 46)
June 11, 2025 PA SB 719 Expands the Qualification Process for Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) to Add an Alternative Pathway to Enter the Profession Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
June 4, 2025 National PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 46)
June 4, 2025 National PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
June 2, 2025 NJ A 2390 Specifies that Grant Preferences Given to Municipalities that Meet Housing Requirements Do Not Apply to Municipalities Seeking to Meet Those Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 15)
June 2, 2025 NJ S 4377 Authorizes New Jersey Infrastructure Bank to Expend Sums to Make Loans for Financing Transportation Infrastructure Projects Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
May 31, 2025 IL SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (41 - 15)
May 19, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 32)
May 8, 2025 National S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 49)
May 7, 2025 National S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
May 7, 2025 NC SB 554 Prohibits Banks and Credit Unions from Denying Loans to Agriculture Producers Based on Their Lack of Commitment to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 11)
May 6, 2025 National S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
May 5, 2025 AK SB 96 Establishes a New Grant Program for Child Care and Expands the Number of Families Eligible for Child Care Assistance from the State. Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 1)
April 30, 2025 AZ HB 2749 Establishes a Reserve Fund for Bitcoin and Other Digital Assets Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 8)
April 15, 2025 IN HB 1461 Authorizes the State to Charge Tolls on All Indiana Interstate Highways Including I-80/94 and I-65 Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 10)
April 15, 2025 AK SB 39 Prohibits Payday Loans and Restricts Loans to a Maximum 36% Annual Percentage Rate Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 6)
April 10, 2025 IL SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 17)
April 9, 2025 National PN 12-18 Nomination of Paul Atkins to be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
April 9, 2025 National PN 12-18 Nomination of Paul Atkins to be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
April 7, 2025 MD HB 1294 Establishes Credit Laws and Regulates Earned Wage Access Programs Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 17)
April 4, 2025 WA HB 1156 Authorizes Volunteer Firefighters to Participate in the Washington State Deferred Compensation Program Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
March 27, 2025 National S J Res 18 A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Overdraft Lending: Very Large Financial Institutions". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
March 26, 2025 National PN 12-15 Nomination of Michael Faulkender to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)
Date No. Title Outcome
6/12 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 27)
6/12 PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 44)
6/11 PN 12-27 Nomination of William Long to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 46)
6/11 SB 719 Expands the Qualification Process for Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) to Add an Alternative Pathway to Enter the Profession Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
6/04 PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Nomination Confirmed - Senate (48 - 46)
6/04 PN 55-9 Nomination of Michelle Bowman to be Vice Chairman for Supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
6/02 A 2390 Specifies that Grant Preferences Given to Municipalities that Meet Housing Requirements Do Not Apply to Municipalities Seeking to Meet Those Requirements Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 15)
6/02 S 4377 Authorizes New Jersey Infrastructure Bank to Expend Sums to Make Loans for Financing Transportation Infrastructure Projects Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 0)
5/31 SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (41 - 15)
5/19 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 32)
5/08 S 1582 Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins (GENIUS) Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (48 - 49)
5/07 S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
5/07 SB 554 Prohibits Banks and Credit Unions from Denying Loans to Agriculture Producers Based on Their Lack of Commitment to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 11)
5/06 S J Res 13 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the Department of the Treasury relating to the review of applications under the Bank Merger Act. Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
5/05 SB 96 Establishes a New Grant Program for Child Care and Expands the Number of Families Eligible for Child Care Assistance from the State. Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 1)
4/30 HB 2749 Establishes a Reserve Fund for Bitcoin and Other Digital Assets Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 8)
4/15 HB 1461 Authorizes the State to Charge Tolls on All Indiana Interstate Highways Including I-80/94 and I-65 Bill Passed - Senate (38 - 10)
4/15 SB 39 Prohibits Payday Loans and Restricts Loans to a Maximum 36% Annual Percentage Rate Bill Passed - Senate (14 - 6)
4/10 SB 1797 Establishes Regulations to Reduce Cryptocurrency Fraud Bill Passed - Senate (39 - 17)
4/09 PN 12-18 Nomination of Paul Atkins to be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
4/09 PN 12-18 Nomination of Paul Atkins to be a Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
4/07 HB 1294 Establishes Credit Laws and Regulates Earned Wage Access Programs Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 17)
4/04 HB 1156 Authorizes Volunteer Firefighters to Participate in the Washington State Deferred Compensation Program Bill Passed - Senate (49 - 0)
3/27 S J Res 18 A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Overdraft Lending: Very Large Financial Institutions". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
3/26 PN 12-15 Nomination of Michael Faulkender to be Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)

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