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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Feb. 3, 2026 MD HB 444 Prohibits the State and Any Local Government From Entering Into an Immigration Enforcement Agreement Bill Passed - House (99 - 40)
Feb. 3, 2026 AL SB 71 Prohibits State Entities From Adopting Stricter Environmental Regulations Than the Federal Government Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 7)
Jan. 30, 2026 NM HB 9 Prohibits Governmental Entities From Entering Into Certain Immigration Enforcement Agreements and Using Public Property for Immigration-Related Detainment Bill Passed - House (40 - 29)
Jan. 28, 2026 WA SB 5855 Prohibits Local, State, and Federal Law Enforcement From Wearing Face Coverings Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
Jan. 26, 2026 IN SB 76 Expands Requirements for State and Local Government Entities to Cooperate with Federal Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 7)
Jan. 16, 2026 KY SB 7 Authorizes Certain Local Officials to Perform Driver's License Renewal and Other Identification Services Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 1)
Jan. 15, 2026 AZ SB 1106 Amends State Tax Rates to Align With the Federal Rates Established in the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" Bill Passed - House (31 - 27)
Jan. 15, 2026 AZ SB 1106 Amends State Tax Rates to Align With the Federal Rates Established in the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
Jan. 15, 2026 KS HB 2204 Specifies That the World Health Organization, the United Nations, and the World Economic Forum Have no Jurisdiction in Kansas Bill Passed - House (85 - 35)
Jan. 8, 2026 National HR 131 Finish the Arkansas Valley Conduit Act Bill Passed - House (248 - 177)
Jan. 7, 2026 National S J Res 86 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Approval; South Dakota; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (43 - 50)
Dec. 15, 2025 National HR 3187 To require the Secretary of Agriculture to convey a parcel of property of the Forest Service to Perry County, Arkansas, and for other purposes Bill Passed - House (388 - 0)
Dec. 12, 2025 National HR 3668 Improving Interagency Coordination for Pipeline Reviews Act Bill Passed - House (213 - 184)
Dec. 9, 2025 National HR 1676 Make State Wildlife Action Plans (SWAPs) Efficient Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 0)
Nov. 19, 2025 National HR 4058 Enhancing Stakeholder Support and Outreach for Preparedness Grants Act Bill Passed - House (380 - 45)
Nov. 19, 2025 National HR 5214 District of Columbia Cash Bail Reform Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (237 - 179)
Nov. 19, 2025 WI AB 602 Requires the Governor to Opt-In to the Federal School Choice Tax Credit Program Bill Passed - House (54 - 44)
Nov. 19, 2025 National HR 5107 Common-Sense Law Enforcement and Accountability Now in DC (CLEAN DC) Act Bill Passed - House (233 - 190)
Nov. 17, 2025 PA HB 1961 Authorizes Pennsylvania to Join the Physician Assistant Licensure Compact Bill Passed - House (202 - 0)
Oct. 29, 2025 National S J Res 69 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Record of Decision for the Barred Owl Management Strategy; Washington, Oregon, and California" Motion Rejected - Senate (25 - 72)
Oct. 22, 2025 NC SB 378 Amends Medicaid Eligibility to Align with Federal Law Bill Passed - House (61 - 47)
Oct. 7, 2025 National H J Res 104 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Miles City Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
Sept. 23, 2025 NC HB 926 Limits Local Governments' Authority to Regulate the Display of the U.S. Flag on Private Property Concurrence Vote Passed - House (72 - 37)
Sept. 22, 2025 NC HB 926 Limits Local Governments' Authority to Regulate the Display of the U.S. Flag on Private Property Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 17)
Sept. 18, 2025 MI HB 4798 Amends MCL 324.1901 of NREPA to Add "Recreational Authority" to the Definition of a Local Unit of Government or Public Authority Bill Passed - House (96 - 2)
Sept. 17, 2025 National HR 5125 District of Columbia Judicial Nominations Reform Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 211)
Sept. 17, 2025 National HR 5143 District of Columbia Policing Protection Act Bill Passed - House (245 - 182)
Sept. 16, 2025 National HR 4922 DC Criminal Reforms to Immediately Make Everyone Safe (CRIMES) Act Bill Passed - House (240 - 179)
Sept. 16, 2025 National HR 5140 To lower the age at which a minor may be tried as an adult for certain criminal offenses in the District of Columbia to 14 years of age. Bill Passed - House (225 - 203)
Sept. 11, 2025 CA SB 515 Requires Cities and Counties to Collect Specific Categories for Black or African American Ancestry when Collecting Demographic Data Bill Passed - House (61 - 15)
Sept. 11, 2025 WI AB 58 Prohibits Flags Other Than the State and U.S. Flag From Being Flown Outside State and Local Government Buildings, With Exceptions Bill Passed - House (50 - 44)
Sept. 3, 2025 National H J Res 104 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Miles City Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment". Joint Resolution Passed - House (211 - 208)
Aug. 21, 2025 TX SB 2 (Special Session) Requires the Texas Water Development Board to Identify High-Risk Flood Areas and Require Local Governments to Install Outdoor Warning Sirens in Those Locations Bill Passed - House (132 - 4)
Aug. 21, 2025 TX HB 22 (2nd Special Session) Authorizes the State Comptroller to Provide Funds to Local Governments for Emergency Communication Equipment Bill Passed - House (136 - 1)
Aug. 21, 2025 TX HB 3 (2nd Special Session) Establishes the Texas Interoperability Council to Improve Communication Between State and Local Disaster Responders Bill Passed - House (136 - 1)
Aug. 12, 2025 TX SB 2 (Special Session) Requires the Texas Water Development Board to Identify High-Risk Flood Areas and Require Local Governments to Install Outdoor Warning Sirens in Those Locations Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
July 29, 2025 NC SB 153 Requires the Department of Public Safety to Cooperate with Federal Immigration Officials Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
July 21, 2025 National HR 3095 To direct the United States Postal Service to designate single, unique ZIP Codes for certain communities, and for other purposes. Bill Passed - House (278 - 121)
July 9, 2025 PA HB 1576 Requires the State to Compensate Counties for Certain Expenses Incurred While Children are in Their Care Bill Passed - House (106 - 97)
June 18, 2025 ME LD 1971 Limits How Local Law Enforcement Agencies Assist Federal Immigration Officials Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 14)
June 18, 2025 ME LD 1971 Limits How Local Law Enforcement Agencies Assist Federal Immigration Officials Concurrence Vote Passed - House (75 - 73)
June 12, 2025 National HR 2056 District of Columbia Federal Immigration Compliance Act Bill Passed - House (224 - 194)
June 10, 2025 National HR 2096 Protecting Our Nation's Capital Emergency Act Bill Passed - House (235 - 178)
June 10, 2025 National HR 884 To prohibit individuals who are not citizens of the United States from voting in elections in the District of Columbia and to repeal the Local Resident Voting Rights Amendment Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (266 - 148)
June 4, 2025 CT HB 7004 Authorizes Municipalities in Connecticut to Enter Into Interlocal Agreements Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 11)
June 3, 2025 OR SB 952 Requires the Governor to Appoint a United States Senator When a Vacancy in the Office Occurs Bill Passed - House (31 - 24)
June 3, 2025 CT HB 7004 Authorizes Municipalities in Connecticut to Enter Into Interlocal Agreements Bill Passed - House (104 - 43)
June 1, 2025 TX SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Conference Report Adopted - House (89 - 52)
June 1, 2025 TX SB 15 Authorizes a Fee on Residential Lots in Certain Municipalities and Gives Clearance for Smaller Homes to be Built on Smaller Lots Conference Report Adopted - House (78 - 57)
May 31, 2025 TX SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Conference Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 11)
Date No. Title Outcome
2/03 HB 444 Prohibits the State and Any Local Government From Entering Into an Immigration Enforcement Agreement Bill Passed - House (99 - 40)
2/03 SB 71 Prohibits State Entities From Adopting Stricter Environmental Regulations Than the Federal Government Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 7)
1/30 HB 9 Prohibits Governmental Entities From Entering Into Certain Immigration Enforcement Agreements and Using Public Property for Immigration-Related Detainment Bill Passed - House (40 - 29)
1/28 SB 5855 Prohibits Local, State, and Federal Law Enforcement From Wearing Face Coverings Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
1/26 SB 76 Expands Requirements for State and Local Government Entities to Cooperate with Federal Immigration Enforcement Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 7)
1/16 SB 7 Authorizes Certain Local Officials to Perform Driver's License Renewal and Other Identification Services Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 1)
1/15 SB 1106 Amends State Tax Rates to Align With the Federal Rates Established in the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" Bill Passed - House (31 - 27)
1/15 SB 1106 Amends State Tax Rates to Align With the Federal Rates Established in the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
1/15 HB 2204 Specifies That the World Health Organization, the United Nations, and the World Economic Forum Have no Jurisdiction in Kansas Bill Passed - House (85 - 35)
1/08 HR 131 Finish the Arkansas Valley Conduit Act Bill Passed - House (248 - 177)
1/07 S J Res 86 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Approval; South Dakota; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (43 - 50)
12/15 HR 3187 To require the Secretary of Agriculture to convey a parcel of property of the Forest Service to Perry County, Arkansas, and for other purposes Bill Passed - House (388 - 0)
12/12 HR 3668 Improving Interagency Coordination for Pipeline Reviews Act Bill Passed - House (213 - 184)
12/09 HR 1676 Make State Wildlife Action Plans (SWAPs) Efficient Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 0)
11/19 HR 4058 Enhancing Stakeholder Support and Outreach for Preparedness Grants Act Bill Passed - House (380 - 45)
11/19 HR 5214 District of Columbia Cash Bail Reform Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (237 - 179)
11/19 AB 602 Requires the Governor to Opt-In to the Federal School Choice Tax Credit Program Bill Passed - House (54 - 44)
11/19 HR 5107 Common-Sense Law Enforcement and Accountability Now in DC (CLEAN DC) Act Bill Passed - House (233 - 190)
11/17 HB 1961 Authorizes Pennsylvania to Join the Physician Assistant Licensure Compact Bill Passed - House (202 - 0)
10/29 S J Res 69 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Record of Decision for the Barred Owl Management Strategy; Washington, Oregon, and California" Motion Rejected - Senate (25 - 72)
10/22 SB 378 Amends Medicaid Eligibility to Align with Federal Law Bill Passed - House (61 - 47)
10/07 H J Res 104 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Miles City Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment". Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
9/23 HB 926 Limits Local Governments' Authority to Regulate the Display of the U.S. Flag on Private Property Concurrence Vote Passed - House (72 - 37)
9/22 HB 926 Limits Local Governments' Authority to Regulate the Display of the U.S. Flag on Private Property Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 17)
9/18 HB 4798 Amends MCL 324.1901 of NREPA to Add "Recreational Authority" to the Definition of a Local Unit of Government or Public Authority Bill Passed - House (96 - 2)
9/17 HR 5125 District of Columbia Judicial Nominations Reform Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 211)
9/17 HR 5143 District of Columbia Policing Protection Act Bill Passed - House (245 - 182)
9/16 HR 4922 DC Criminal Reforms to Immediately Make Everyone Safe (CRIMES) Act Bill Passed - House (240 - 179)
9/16 HR 5140 To lower the age at which a minor may be tried as an adult for certain criminal offenses in the District of Columbia to 14 years of age. Bill Passed - House (225 - 203)
9/11 SB 515 Requires Cities and Counties to Collect Specific Categories for Black or African American Ancestry when Collecting Demographic Data Bill Passed - House (61 - 15)
9/11 AB 58 Prohibits Flags Other Than the State and U.S. Flag From Being Flown Outside State and Local Government Buildings, With Exceptions Bill Passed - House (50 - 44)
9/03 H J Res 104 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Miles City Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment". Joint Resolution Passed - House (211 - 208)
8/21 SB 2 (Special Session) Requires the Texas Water Development Board to Identify High-Risk Flood Areas and Require Local Governments to Install Outdoor Warning Sirens in Those Locations Bill Passed - House (132 - 4)
8/21 HB 22 (2nd Special Session) Authorizes the State Comptroller to Provide Funds to Local Governments for Emergency Communication Equipment Bill Passed - House (136 - 1)
8/21 HB 3 (2nd Special Session) Establishes the Texas Interoperability Council to Improve Communication Between State and Local Disaster Responders Bill Passed - House (136 - 1)
8/12 SB 2 (Special Session) Requires the Texas Water Development Board to Identify High-Risk Flood Areas and Require Local Governments to Install Outdoor Warning Sirens in Those Locations Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
7/29 SB 153 Requires the Department of Public Safety to Cooperate with Federal Immigration Officials Veto Override Passed - Senate (30 - 19)
7/21 HR 3095 To direct the United States Postal Service to designate single, unique ZIP Codes for certain communities, and for other purposes. Bill Passed - House (278 - 121)
7/09 HB 1576 Requires the State to Compensate Counties for Certain Expenses Incurred While Children are in Their Care Bill Passed - House (106 - 97)
6/18 LD 1971 Limits How Local Law Enforcement Agencies Assist Federal Immigration Officials Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 14)
6/18 LD 1971 Limits How Local Law Enforcement Agencies Assist Federal Immigration Officials Concurrence Vote Passed - House (75 - 73)
6/12 HR 2056 District of Columbia Federal Immigration Compliance Act Bill Passed - House (224 - 194)
6/10 HR 2096 Protecting Our Nation's Capital Emergency Act Bill Passed - House (235 - 178)
6/10 HR 884 To prohibit individuals who are not citizens of the United States from voting in elections in the District of Columbia and to repeal the Local Resident Voting Rights Amendment Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (266 - 148)
6/04 HB 7004 Authorizes Municipalities in Connecticut to Enter Into Interlocal Agreements Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 11)
6/03 SB 952 Requires the Governor to Appoint a United States Senator When a Vacancy in the Office Occurs Bill Passed - House (31 - 24)
6/03 HB 7004 Authorizes Municipalities in Connecticut to Enter Into Interlocal Agreements Bill Passed - House (104 - 43)
6/01 SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Conference Report Adopted - House (89 - 52)
6/01 SB 15 Authorizes a Fee on Residential Lots in Certain Municipalities and Gives Clearance for Smaller Homes to be Built on Smaller Lots Conference Report Adopted - House (78 - 57)
5/31 SB 8 Requires Local Law Enforcement Assist the Federal Government in Deportation Efforts Conference Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 11)
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