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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
July 15, 2026 National HR 8595 National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2027 Bill Passed - House (217 - 209)
July 13, 2026 National HR 3106 Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 7)
June 29, 2026 National HR 7128 Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) Program Reauthorization Act of 2026 Bill Passed - House (373 - 15)
June 23, 2026 National S 629 Emergency Conservation Program Improvement Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (368 - 19)
June 9, 2026 National S 2 Secure America Act Bill Passed - House (214 - 212)
June 5, 2026 National S 2 Secure America Act Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
June 3, 2026 National S 2 Secure America Act Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
May 20, 2026 National HR 1993 25th Anniversary of 9/11 Commemorative Coin Act Bill Passed - House (415 - 0)
April 22, 2026 National HR 6387 Fire Improvement and Reforming Exceptional Events (FIRE) Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 198)
April 20, 2026 National HR 5200 Emergency Reporting Act Bill Passed - House (386 - 7)
April 14, 2026 National HR 1011 Emergency Conservation Program Improvement Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (395 - 10)
April 1, 2026 MS SB 2409 Establishes a Natural Disaster Mitigation Grant Program for Homeowners Conference Report Adopted - Senate (52 - 0)
March 26, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
March 26, 2026 National HR 8029 Pay Our Homeland Defenders Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 206)
March 26, 2026 National H Res 1128 Expressing the support of the House of Representatives for the Department of Homeland Security Resolution Passed - House (225 - 187)
March 25, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 46)
March 23, 2026 National PN 858 Nomination of Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem (54 - 45)
March 22, 2026 National PN 858 Nomination of Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem Cloture Invoked - Senate (54 - 37)
March 20, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 37)
March 12, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
March 5, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
March 5, 2026 National H Res 1099 Reaffirming Iran remains the largest state sponsor of terrorism Bill Passed - House (372 - 53)
March 5, 2026 National HR 7744 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (221 - 209)
Feb. 24, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
Feb. 12, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
Feb. 5, 2026 MI HB 5198 Requires Individuals to Disclose Any Foreign Donations Before Participating in Election Administration Bill Passed - House (99 - 4)
Jan. 22, 2026 National HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Bill Passed - House (220 - 207)
Nov. 19, 2025 National H Res 893 Censuring Representative Cory Mills of Florida and removing him from the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs Motion Agreed - House (310 - 103)
Nov. 19, 2025 National HR 4058 Enhancing Stakeholder Support and Outreach for Preparedness Grants Act Bill Passed - House (380 - 45)
Nov. 17, 2025 National HR 2659 Strengthening Cyber Resilience Against State-Sponsored Threats Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 8)
Nov. 17, 2025 National HR 1608 Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 15)
Oct. 28, 2025 National S J Res 81 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Brazil. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
Oct. 21, 2025 NC SB 449 Expands Loan Program for Businesses Impacted by Hurricane Helene Conference Report Adopted - House (104 - 6)
Sept. 23, 2025 NC HB 358 Appropriates Funds for Disaster Relief and Extends Other Funds to Future Fiscal Years Concurrence Vote Passed - House (105 - 4)
Sept. 9, 2025 National PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 46)
Sept. 9, 2025 National PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
July 31, 2025 National PN 26-25 Nomination of Matthew Kozma to be Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 44)
July 30, 2025 National PN 26-25 Nomination of Matthew Kozma to be Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 44)
July 23, 2025 National PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
July 17, 2025 National PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
June 10, 2025 National HR 2096 Protecting Our Nation's Capital Emergency Act Bill Passed - House (235 - 178)
June 3, 2025 National PN 25-19 Nomination of Allison Hooker to be an Under Secretary of State (Political Affairs) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 36)
June 3, 2025 National PN 25-19 Nomination of Allison Hooker to be an Under Secretary of State (Political Affairs) Cloture Invoked - Senate (59 - 37)
May 31, 2025 IL HB 2987 Establishes the Warehouse Tornado Preparedness Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 15)
May 29, 2025 IL HB 2987 Establishes the Warehouse Tornado Preparedness Act Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 2)
May 24, 2025 TX SB 36 Establishes a Texas Homeland Security Division Bill Passed - House (83 - 36)
May 13, 2025 NY A 2123 Authorizes Additional Credits for the Children and Siblings of Deceased Sanitation Workers Related to the 9/11 Terror Attacks Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 0)
April 17, 2025 IA SF 619 Appropriates $13.6 Million from the Iowa Economic Emergency Fund for Fiscal Year 2025 Bill Passed - House (91 - 1)
April 10, 2025 TX SB 36 Establishes a Texas Homeland Security Division Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 3)
April 1, 2025 National HR 1491 Disaster Related Extension of Deadlines Act Bill Passed - House (423 - 0)
Date No. Title Outcome
7/15 HR 8595 National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2027 Bill Passed - House (217 - 209)
7/13 HR 3106 Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 7)
6/29 HR 7128 Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) Program Reauthorization Act of 2026 Bill Passed - House (373 - 15)
6/23 S 629 Emergency Conservation Program Improvement Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (368 - 19)
6/09 S 2 Secure America Act Bill Passed - House (214 - 212)
6/05 S 2 Secure America Act Bill Passed - Senate (52 - 47)
6/03 S 2 Secure America Act Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 46)
5/20 HR 1993 25th Anniversary of 9/11 Commemorative Coin Act Bill Passed - House (415 - 0)
4/22 HR 6387 Fire Improvement and Reforming Exceptional Events (FIRE) Act Bill Passed - House (220 - 198)
4/20 HR 5200 Emergency Reporting Act Bill Passed - House (386 - 7)
4/14 HR 1011 Emergency Conservation Program Improvement Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (395 - 10)
4/01 SB 2409 Establishes a Natural Disaster Mitigation Grant Program for Homeowners Conference Report Adopted - Senate (52 - 0)
3/26 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (53 - 47)
3/26 HR 8029 Pay Our Homeland Defenders Act Bill Passed - House (218 - 206)
3/26 H Res 1128 Expressing the support of the House of Representatives for the Department of Homeland Security Resolution Passed - House (225 - 187)
3/25 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 46)
3/23 PN 858 Nomination of Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem (54 - 45)
3/22 PN 858 Nomination of Markwayne Mullin, of Oklahoma, to be Secretary of Homeland Security, vice Kristi Noem Cloture Invoked - Senate (54 - 37)
3/20 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (47 - 37)
3/12 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
3/05 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
3/05 H Res 1099 Reaffirming Iran remains the largest state sponsor of terrorism Bill Passed - House (372 - 53)
3/05 HR 7744 Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (221 - 209)
2/24 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (50 - 45)
2/12 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
2/05 HB 5198 Requires Individuals to Disclose Any Foreign Donations Before Participating in Election Administration Bill Passed - House (99 - 4)
1/22 HR 7147 Making further consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, and for other purposes Bill Passed - House (220 - 207)
11/19 H Res 893 Censuring Representative Cory Mills of Florida and removing him from the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs Motion Agreed - House (310 - 103)
11/19 HR 4058 Enhancing Stakeholder Support and Outreach for Preparedness Grants Act Bill Passed - House (380 - 45)
11/17 HR 2659 Strengthening Cyber Resilience Against State-Sponsored Threats Act Bill Passed - House (402 - 8)
11/17 HR 1608 Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025 Bill Passed - House (400 - 15)
10/28 S J Res 81 A joint resolution terminating the national emergency declared to impose duties on articles imported from Brazil. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
10/21 SB 449 Expands Loan Program for Businesses Impacted by Hurricane Helene Conference Report Adopted - House (104 - 6)
9/23 HB 358 Appropriates Funds for Disaster Relief and Extends Other Funds to Future Fiscal Years Concurrence Vote Passed - House (105 - 4)
9/09 PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 46)
9/09 PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
7/31 PN 26-25 Nomination of Matthew Kozma to be Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 44)
7/30 PN 26-25 Nomination of Matthew Kozma to be Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 44)
7/23 PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 47)
7/17 PN 24-3 Nomination of John Hurley to be Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Crimes Cloture Invoked - Senate (46 - 36)
6/10 HR 2096 Protecting Our Nation's Capital Emergency Act Bill Passed - House (235 - 178)
6/03 PN 25-19 Nomination of Allison Hooker to be an Under Secretary of State (Political Affairs) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 36)
6/03 PN 25-19 Nomination of Allison Hooker to be an Under Secretary of State (Political Affairs) Cloture Invoked - Senate (59 - 37)
5/31 HB 2987 Establishes the Warehouse Tornado Preparedness Act Concurrence Vote Passed - House (99 - 15)
5/29 HB 2987 Establishes the Warehouse Tornado Preparedness Act Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 2)
5/24 SB 36 Establishes a Texas Homeland Security Division Bill Passed - House (83 - 36)
5/13 A 2123 Authorizes Additional Credits for the Children and Siblings of Deceased Sanitation Workers Related to the 9/11 Terror Attacks Bill Passed - Senate (57 - 0)
4/17 SF 619 Appropriates $13.6 Million from the Iowa Economic Emergency Fund for Fiscal Year 2025 Bill Passed - House (91 - 1)
4/10 SB 36 Establishes a Texas Homeland Security Division Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 3)
4/01 HR 1491 Disaster Related Extension of Deadlines Act Bill Passed - House (423 - 0)
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