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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Jan. 15, 2026 National HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
Jan. 15, 2026 National HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 14)
Jan. 12, 2026 National HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (80 - 13)
Jan. 8, 2026 National HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (397 - 28)
May 26, 2025 TX SB 1535 Establishes an Advanced Nuclear Energy Workforce Development Program Run by the Texas Workforce Commission Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 3)
May 25, 2025 TX SB 261 Prohibits Lab Grown Meat Bill Passed - House (99 - 36)
May 21, 2025 TX SB 1535 Establishes an Advanced Nuclear Energy Workforce Development Program Run by the Texas Workforce Commission Bill Passed - House (138 - 4)
May 20, 2025 National HR 1223 Accelerating Networking, Cyberinfrastructure, and Hardware for Oceanic Research (ANCHOR) Act Bill Passed - House (412 - 11)
April 30, 2025 FL SB 56 Prohibits Geo-Engineering and Weather Modification Activities Bill Passed - House (82 - 28)
April 3, 2025 FL SB 56 Prohibits Geo-Engineering and Weather Modification Activities Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
March 25, 2025 National PN 13-8 Nomination of Michael Kratsios to be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
March 25, 2025 National PN 13-8 Nomination of Michael Kratsios to be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy Cloture Invoked - Senate (73 - 25)
March 24, 2025 National HR 1326 DOE and USDA Interagency Research Act Bill Passed - House (372 - 35)
March 10, 2025 National HR 993 Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act Bill Passed - House (406 - 9)
March 10, 2025 National HR 901 Research Security and Accountability in DHS Act Bill Passed - House (410 - 1)
Sept. 23, 2024 National HR 8958 NASA Reauthorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 21)
Sept. 9, 2024 National HR 8333 BIOSECURE Act Bill Passed - House (306 - 81)
June 27, 2024 CA AB 2841 Authorizes Streamlining of Research and the Application Process for Marijuana and Psychedelics in California Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 0)
June 7, 2024 NY A 10140 Prohibits Removing Horseshoe Crabs for Commercial or Biomedical Purposes Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 7)
June 7, 2024 NY A 10140 Prohibits Removing Horseshoe Crabs for Commercial or Biomedical Purposes Bill Passed - House (102 - 39)
May 26, 2024 IL SB 1289 Establishes a New Regulatory Framework for Carbon-Sequestration Projects Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (43 - 12)
May 25, 2024 IL SB 1289 Establishes a New Regulatory Framework for Carbon-Sequestration Projects Bill Passed - House (78 - 29)
May 16, 2024 IL SB 2979 Amends Liability Laws for Biometric Data Violations Bill Passed - House (81 - 30)
May 8, 2024 National HR 8289 Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2024, Part II Bill Passed - House (385 - 24)
May 3, 2024 HI SB 1511 Amends and Alters How and What the Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii Studies Conference Report Adopted - Senate (23 - 0)
April 11, 2024 IL SB 2979 Amends Liability Laws for Biometric Data Violations Bill Passed - Senate (46 - 13)
Feb. 1, 2023 KS HB 2015 Authorizes Employment Agency Designees to Petition for Mandatory Infectious Disease Testing Bill Passed - House (116 - 6)
July 26, 2022 National HR 8454 Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act Bill Passed - House (325 - 95)
July 1, 2022 MI HB 5558 Prohibits Research on Stem Cells Obtained from an Abortion Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 16)
July 1, 2022 MI HB 5559 Classifies Performing Research on the Tissue of an Aborted Fetus as a Felony Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 16)
April 4, 2022 National HR 5657 Medical Marijuana Research Act Bill Passed - House (343 - 75)
March 28, 2022 National HR 4521 America COMPETES Act of 2022 Bill Passed - Senate (68 - 28)
Feb. 9, 2022 MI HB 5559 Classifies Performing Research on the Tissue of an Aborted Fetus as a Felony Bill Passed - House (55 - 51)
Feb. 9, 2022 MI HB 5558 Prohibits Research on Stem Cells Obtained from an Abortion Bill Passed - House (55 - 51)
Feb. 4, 2022 National HR 4521 America COMPETES Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (222 - 210)
June 8, 2021 National S 1260 United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (68 - 32)
Oct. 20, 2020 PA SB 1199 Specifies Provisions for Personal Delivery Devices Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
Oct. 19, 2020 PA SB 1199 Specifies Provisions for Personal Delivery Devices Bill Passed - House (105 - 97)
June 7, 2018 MA H 4501 Authorizes Capital for State Life Sciences Capital Fund Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 5)
April 19, 2018 National PN 1359 Nomination of James Bridenstine to Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (50 - 49)
April 18, 2018 National PN 1359 Nomination of James Bridenstine to Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 48)
March 31, 2017 MT HB 622 Revises Programs, Funds, and Regulations Related to Invasive Species Bill Passed - House (100 - 0)
March 30, 2017 National HR 1431 EPA Science Advisory Board Reform Act of 2017 Bill Passed - House (229 - 193)
March 29, 2017 National HR 1430 Honest and Open New EPA Science Treatment Act of 2017 Bill Passed - House (228 - 194)
Jan. 31, 2017 RI HB 5098 Exempts University Researchers from Public Records Requests Bill Passed - House (59 - 8)
July 7, 2016 National S 764 Establishes Labeling Standards for Genetically Modified Foods Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (63 - 30)
Feb. 10, 2016 National HR 3293 Scientific Research in the National Interest Act Bill Passed - House (236 - 178)
June 3, 2015 National HR 2578 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016 Bill Passed - House (242 - 183)
May 21, 2015 National HR 2262 Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (284 - 133)
May 20, 2015 National HR 1806 America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (217 - 205)
Date No. Title Outcome
1/15 HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
1/15 HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 14)
1/12 HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (80 - 13)
1/08 HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (397 - 28)
5/26 SB 1535 Establishes an Advanced Nuclear Energy Workforce Development Program Run by the Texas Workforce Commission Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 3)
5/25 SB 261 Prohibits Lab Grown Meat Bill Passed - House (99 - 36)
5/21 SB 1535 Establishes an Advanced Nuclear Energy Workforce Development Program Run by the Texas Workforce Commission Bill Passed - House (138 - 4)
5/20 HR 1223 Accelerating Networking, Cyberinfrastructure, and Hardware for Oceanic Research (ANCHOR) Act Bill Passed - House (412 - 11)
4/30 SB 56 Prohibits Geo-Engineering and Weather Modification Activities Bill Passed - House (82 - 28)
4/03 SB 56 Prohibits Geo-Engineering and Weather Modification Activities Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
3/25 PN 13-8 Nomination of Michael Kratsios to be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
3/25 PN 13-8 Nomination of Michael Kratsios to be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy Cloture Invoked - Senate (73 - 25)
3/24 HR 1326 DOE and USDA Interagency Research Act Bill Passed - House (372 - 35)
3/10 HR 993 Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act Bill Passed - House (406 - 9)
3/10 HR 901 Research Security and Accountability in DHS Act Bill Passed - House (410 - 1)
9/23 HR 8958 NASA Reauthorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 21)
9/09 HR 8333 BIOSECURE Act Bill Passed - House (306 - 81)
6/27 AB 2841 Authorizes Streamlining of Research and the Application Process for Marijuana and Psychedelics in California Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 0)
6/07 A 10140 Prohibits Removing Horseshoe Crabs for Commercial or Biomedical Purposes Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 7)
6/07 A 10140 Prohibits Removing Horseshoe Crabs for Commercial or Biomedical Purposes Bill Passed - House (102 - 39)
5/26 SB 1289 Establishes a New Regulatory Framework for Carbon-Sequestration Projects Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (43 - 12)
5/25 SB 1289 Establishes a New Regulatory Framework for Carbon-Sequestration Projects Bill Passed - House (78 - 29)
5/16 SB 2979 Amends Liability Laws for Biometric Data Violations Bill Passed - House (81 - 30)
5/08 HR 8289 Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2024, Part II Bill Passed - House (385 - 24)
5/03 SB 1511 Amends and Alters How and What the Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii Studies Conference Report Adopted - Senate (23 - 0)
4/11 SB 2979 Amends Liability Laws for Biometric Data Violations Bill Passed - Senate (46 - 13)
2/01 HB 2015 Authorizes Employment Agency Designees to Petition for Mandatory Infectious Disease Testing Bill Passed - House (116 - 6)
7/26 HR 8454 Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act Bill Passed - House (325 - 95)
7/01 HB 5558 Prohibits Research on Stem Cells Obtained from an Abortion Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 16)
7/01 HB 5559 Classifies Performing Research on the Tissue of an Aborted Fetus as a Felony Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 16)
4/04 HR 5657 Medical Marijuana Research Act Bill Passed - House (343 - 75)
3/28 HR 4521 America COMPETES Act of 2022 Bill Passed - Senate (68 - 28)
2/09 HB 5559 Classifies Performing Research on the Tissue of an Aborted Fetus as a Felony Bill Passed - House (55 - 51)
2/09 HB 5558 Prohibits Research on Stem Cells Obtained from an Abortion Bill Passed - House (55 - 51)
2/04 HR 4521 America COMPETES Act of 2022 Bill Passed - House (222 - 210)
6/08 S 1260 United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021 Bill Passed - Senate (68 - 32)
10/20 SB 1199 Specifies Provisions for Personal Delivery Devices Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (29 - 19)
10/19 SB 1199 Specifies Provisions for Personal Delivery Devices Bill Passed - House (105 - 97)
6/07 H 4501 Authorizes Capital for State Life Sciences Capital Fund Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (33 - 5)
4/19 PN 1359 Nomination of James Bridenstine to Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (50 - 49)
4/18 PN 1359 Nomination of James Bridenstine to Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (50 - 48)
3/31 HB 622 Revises Programs, Funds, and Regulations Related to Invasive Species Bill Passed - House (100 - 0)
3/30 HR 1431 EPA Science Advisory Board Reform Act of 2017 Bill Passed - House (229 - 193)
3/29 HR 1430 Honest and Open New EPA Science Treatment Act of 2017 Bill Passed - House (228 - 194)
1/31 HB 5098 Exempts University Researchers from Public Records Requests Bill Passed - House (59 - 8)
7/07 S 764 Establishes Labeling Standards for Genetically Modified Foods Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (63 - 30)
2/10 HR 3293 Scientific Research in the National Interest Act Bill Passed - House (236 - 178)
6/03 HR 2578 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016 Bill Passed - House (242 - 183)
5/21 HR 2262 Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (284 - 133)
5/20 HR 1806 America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2015 Bill Passed - House (217 - 205)
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