Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Jan. 15, 2026 National HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
Jan. 15, 2026 National HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 14)
Jan. 12, 2026 National HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (80 - 13)
Jan. 8, 2026 National HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (397 - 28)
May 26, 2025 TX SB 1535 Establishes an Advanced Nuclear Energy Workforce Development Program Run by the Texas Workforce Commission Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 3)
May 25, 2025 TX SB 261 Prohibits Lab Grown Meat Bill Passed - House (99 - 36)
May 21, 2025 TX SB 1535 Establishes an Advanced Nuclear Energy Workforce Development Program Run by the Texas Workforce Commission Bill Passed - House (138 - 4)
May 20, 2025 National HR 1223 Accelerating Networking, Cyberinfrastructure, and Hardware for Oceanic Research (ANCHOR) Act Bill Passed - House (412 - 11)
April 30, 2025 FL SB 56 Prohibits Geo-Engineering and Weather Modification Activities Bill Passed - House (82 - 28)
April 3, 2025 FL SB 56 Prohibits Geo-Engineering and Weather Modification Activities Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
March 25, 2025 National PN 13-8 Nomination of Michael Kratsios to be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
March 25, 2025 National PN 13-8 Nomination of Michael Kratsios to be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy Cloture Invoked - Senate (73 - 25)
March 24, 2025 National HR 1326 DOE and USDA Interagency Research Act Bill Passed - House (372 - 35)
March 10, 2025 National HR 993 Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act Bill Passed - House (406 - 9)
March 10, 2025 National HR 901 Research Security and Accountability in DHS Act Bill Passed - House (410 - 1)
Sept. 23, 2024 National HR 8958 NASA Reauthorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 21)
Sept. 9, 2024 National HR 8333 BIOSECURE Act Bill Passed - House (306 - 81)
June 27, 2024 CA AB 2841 Authorizes Streamlining of Research and the Application Process for Marijuana and Psychedelics in California Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 0)
June 7, 2024 NY A 10140 Prohibits Removing Horseshoe Crabs for Commercial or Biomedical Purposes Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 7)
June 7, 2024 NY A 10140 Prohibits Removing Horseshoe Crabs for Commercial or Biomedical Purposes Bill Passed - House (102 - 39)
May 26, 2024 IL SB 1289 Establishes a New Regulatory Framework for Carbon-Sequestration Projects Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (43 - 12)
May 25, 2024 IL SB 1289 Establishes a New Regulatory Framework for Carbon-Sequestration Projects Bill Passed - House (78 - 29)
May 16, 2024 IL SB 2979 Amends Liability Laws for Biometric Data Violations Bill Passed - House (81 - 30)
May 8, 2024 National HR 8289 Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2024, Part II Bill Passed - House (385 - 24)
May 3, 2024 HI SB 1511 Amends and Alters How and What the Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii Studies Conference Report Adopted - Senate (23 - 0)
Date No. Title Outcome
1/15 HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (82 - 15)
1/15 HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (85 - 14)
1/12 HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (80 - 13)
1/08 HR 6938 Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - House (397 - 28)
5/26 SB 1535 Establishes an Advanced Nuclear Energy Workforce Development Program Run by the Texas Workforce Commission Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 3)
5/25 SB 261 Prohibits Lab Grown Meat Bill Passed - House (99 - 36)
5/21 SB 1535 Establishes an Advanced Nuclear Energy Workforce Development Program Run by the Texas Workforce Commission Bill Passed - House (138 - 4)
5/20 HR 1223 Accelerating Networking, Cyberinfrastructure, and Hardware for Oceanic Research (ANCHOR) Act Bill Passed - House (412 - 11)
4/30 SB 56 Prohibits Geo-Engineering and Weather Modification Activities Bill Passed - House (82 - 28)
4/03 SB 56 Prohibits Geo-Engineering and Weather Modification Activities Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
3/25 PN 13-8 Nomination of Michael Kratsios to be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (74 - 25)
3/25 PN 13-8 Nomination of Michael Kratsios to be Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy Cloture Invoked - Senate (73 - 25)
3/24 HR 1326 DOE and USDA Interagency Research Act Bill Passed - House (372 - 35)
3/10 HR 993 Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act Bill Passed - House (406 - 9)
3/10 HR 901 Research Security and Accountability in DHS Act Bill Passed - House (410 - 1)
9/23 HR 8958 NASA Reauthorization Act of 2024 Bill Passed - House (366 - 21)
9/09 HR 8333 BIOSECURE Act Bill Passed - House (306 - 81)
6/27 AB 2841 Authorizes Streamlining of Research and the Application Process for Marijuana and Psychedelics in California Bill Passed - Senate (40 - 0)
6/07 A 10140 Prohibits Removing Horseshoe Crabs for Commercial or Biomedical Purposes Bill Passed - Senate (53 - 7)
6/07 A 10140 Prohibits Removing Horseshoe Crabs for Commercial or Biomedical Purposes Bill Passed - House (102 - 39)
5/26 SB 1289 Establishes a New Regulatory Framework for Carbon-Sequestration Projects Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (43 - 12)
5/25 SB 1289 Establishes a New Regulatory Framework for Carbon-Sequestration Projects Bill Passed - House (78 - 29)
5/16 SB 2979 Amends Liability Laws for Biometric Data Violations Bill Passed - House (81 - 30)
5/08 HR 8289 Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2024, Part II Bill Passed - House (385 - 24)
5/03 SB 1511 Amends and Alters How and What the Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii Studies Conference Report Adopted - Senate (23 - 0)

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