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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Jan. 16, 2026 VA HJ 2 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment that Restores Felon Voting Rights Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 18)
Jan. 16, 2026 KY SB 7 Authorizes Certain Local Officials to Perform Driver's License Renewal and Other Identification Services Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 1)
Jan. 16, 2026 KY SB 7 Authorizes Certain Local Officials to Perform Driver's License Renewal and Other Identification Services Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 1)
Jan. 15, 2026 AZ SB 1106 Amends State Tax Rates to Align With the Federal Rates Established in the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
Jan. 7, 2026 National S J Res 86 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Approval; South Dakota; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (43 - 50)
Jan. 7, 2026 National S J Res 86 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Approval; South Dakota; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (43 - 50)
Jan. 6, 2026 National PN 373 Nomination of Sara Bailey to be Director of National Drug Control Policy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
Jan. 6, 2026 National PN 499-11 Nomination of Joshua Simmons to be General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
Jan. 5, 2026 National PN 12-1 Nomination of Keith Bass to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 35)
Dec. 18, 2025 National PN 12-1 Nomination of Keith Bass to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (58 - 36)
Dec. 18, 2025 National PN 499-11 Nomination of Joshua Simmons to be General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
Dec. 18, 2025 National PN 373 Nomination of Sara Bailey to be Director of National Drug Control Policy Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 42)
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 650 Nomination of Jared Isaacman to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 30)
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 29)
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (69 - 27)
Dec. 17, 2025 National PN 650 Nomination of Jared Isaacman to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 30)
Dec. 11, 2025 IN HB 1032 Amends State Congressional Districts Bill Failed - Senate (19 - 31)
Dec. 11, 2025 IN HB 1032 Amends State Congressional Districts Bill Failed - Senate (19 - 31)
Dec. 3, 2025 National S J Res 91 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision" Motion Agreed - Senate (49 - 47)
Nov. 20, 2025 National H J Res 130 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment" Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 43)
Nov. 19, 2025 OH SB 293 Amends the Deadline to Return Absentee Ballots Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 10)
Nov. 19, 2025 National PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson (66 - 32)
Nov. 19, 2025 National S J Res 76 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Extension of Deadlines in Standards of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review Final Rule" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 51)
Nov. 19, 2025 National S J Res 89 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment" Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
Nov. 19, 2025 OH HB 309 Amends the Tax Code to Expand the Authority of the County Budget Commission to Modify Levies and Reduce a Taxing Unit's Millage Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 10)
Nov. 18, 2025 National PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson Cloture Invoked - Senate (65 - 32)
Nov. 15, 2025 NV AB 3 Authorizes Public Officials to Make their Personal Records Confidential Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 0)
Nov. 13, 2025 MI SB 596 Amends Requirements for Legislatively Directed Spending Items Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
Nov. 13, 2025 MI SB 596 Amends Requirements for Legislatively Directed Spending Items Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
Nov. 13, 2025 MI SB 531 Establishes Regulations for Duplicate Signatures on Petitions Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
Nov. 13, 2025 MI SB 530 Requires Petition Circulators to Inform Signers of the Purpose of a Petition Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 16)
Nov. 13, 2025 MI SB 531 Establishes Regulations for Duplicate Signatures on Petitions Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
Nov. 13, 2025 MI SB 529 Prohibits Petition Organizers From Paying Circulators per Signature Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
Nov. 13, 2025 NV SB 2 Appropriates Funds for Legislative Security Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 0)
Nov. 13, 2025 NV SB 2 Appropriates Funds for Legislative Security Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 0)
Nov. 12, 2025 PA SB 160 Appropriates Funds for the General Operating Budget for Fiscal Year 2025-2026 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 9)
Nov. 10, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 40)
Nov. 9, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 40)
Nov. 7, 2025 National S 3012 Shutdown Fairness Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
Nov. 5, 2025 National PN 25-37 Nomination of Caleb Orr, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Economic and Business Affairs) (57 - 43)
Nov. 5, 2025 National PN 25-37 Nomination of Caleb Orr, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Economic and Business Affairs) Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
Nov. 5, 2025 OH SB 293 Amends the Deadline to Return Absentee Ballots Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 10)
Nov. 4, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Motion Rejected - Senate (54 - 44)
Oct. 29, 2025 National S J Res 69 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Record of Decision for the Barred Owl Management Strategy; Washington, Oregon, and California" Motion Rejected - Senate (25 - 72)
Oct. 28, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Motion Rejected - Senate (54 - 45)
Oct. 23, 2025 National S 3012 Shutdown Fairness Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
Oct. 22, 2025 National HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 46)
Oct. 22, 2025 PA SB 6 Requires State Agencies to Establish Public Tracking Systems for State Permits Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 22)
Oct. 21, 2025 MI SB 596 Amends Requirements for Legislatively Directed Spending Items Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
Oct. 21, 2025 MI SB 596 Amends Requirements for Legislatively Directed Spending Items Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
Date No. Title Outcome
1/16 HJ 2 Establishes a Constitutional Amendment that Restores Felon Voting Rights Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 18)
1/16 SB 7 Authorizes Certain Local Officials to Perform Driver's License Renewal and Other Identification Services Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 1)
1/16 SB 7 Authorizes Certain Local Officials to Perform Driver's License Renewal and Other Identification Services Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 1)
1/15 SB 1106 Amends State Tax Rates to Align With the Federal Rates Established in the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
1/07 S J Res 86 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Approval; South Dakota; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (43 - 50)
1/07 S J Res 86 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Approval; South Dakota; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (43 - 50)
1/06 PN 373 Nomination of Sara Bailey to be Director of National Drug Control Policy Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
1/06 PN 499-11 Nomination of Joshua Simmons to be General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 47)
1/05 PN 12-1 Nomination of Keith Bass to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 35)
12/18 PN 12-1 Nomination of Keith Bass to be an Assistant Secretary of Defense Cloture Invoked - Senate (58 - 36)
12/18 PN 499-11 Nomination of Joshua Simmons to be General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
12/18 PN 373 Nomination of Sara Bailey to be Director of National Drug Control Policy Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 42)
12/17 PN 650 Nomination of Jared Isaacman to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Nomination Confirmed - Senate (67 - 30)
12/17 PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 29)
12/17 PN 645-2 Nomination of Douglas Weaver to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cloture Invoked - Senate (69 - 27)
12/17 PN 650 Nomination of Jared Isaacman to be Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cloture Invoked - Senate (67 - 30)
12/11 HB 1032 Amends State Congressional Districts Bill Failed - Senate (19 - 31)
12/11 HB 1032 Amends State Congressional Districts Bill Failed - Senate (19 - 31)
12/03 S J Res 91 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision" Motion Agreed - Senate (49 - 47)
11/20 H J Res 130 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment" Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 43)
11/19 SB 293 Amends the Deadline to Return Absentee Ballots Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 10)
11/19 PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson (66 - 32)
11/19 S J Res 76 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Extension of Deadlines in Standards of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review Final Rule" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 51)
11/19 S J Res 89 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment" Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
11/19 HB 309 Amends the Tax Code to Expand the Authority of the County Budget Commission to Modify Levies and Reduce a Taxing Unit's Millage Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 10)
11/18 PN 445-6 Nomination of Ho Nieh, of Alabama, to be a Member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 2029, vice Christopher T. Hanson Cloture Invoked - Senate (65 - 32)
11/15 AB 3 Authorizes Public Officials to Make their Personal Records Confidential Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 0)
11/13 SB 596 Amends Requirements for Legislatively Directed Spending Items Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
11/13 SB 596 Amends Requirements for Legislatively Directed Spending Items Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
11/13 SB 531 Establishes Regulations for Duplicate Signatures on Petitions Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
11/13 SB 530 Requires Petition Circulators to Inform Signers of the Purpose of a Petition Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 16)
11/13 SB 531 Establishes Regulations for Duplicate Signatures on Petitions Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
11/13 SB 529 Prohibits Petition Organizers From Paying Circulators per Signature Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
11/13 SB 2 Appropriates Funds for Legislative Security Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 0)
11/13 SB 2 Appropriates Funds for Legislative Security Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 0)
11/12 SB 160 Appropriates Funds for the General Operating Budget for Fiscal Year 2025-2026 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 9)
11/10 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (60 - 40)
11/09 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Invoked - Senate (60 - 40)
11/07 S 3012 Shutdown Fairness Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
11/05 PN 25-37 Nomination of Caleb Orr, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Economic and Business Affairs) (57 - 43)
11/05 PN 25-37 Nomination of Caleb Orr, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of State (Economic and Business Affairs) Cloture Invoked - Senate (57 - 41)
11/05 SB 293 Amends the Deadline to Return Absentee Ballots Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 10)
11/04 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Motion Rejected - Senate (54 - 44)
10/29 S J Res 69 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service relating to "Record of Decision for the Barred Owl Management Strategy; Washington, Oregon, and California" Motion Rejected - Senate (25 - 72)
10/28 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Motion Rejected - Senate (54 - 45)
10/23 S 3012 Shutdown Fairness Act Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 45)
10/22 HR 5371 Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 Cloture Not Invoked - Senate (54 - 46)
10/22 SB 6 Requires State Agencies to Establish Public Tracking Systems for State Permits Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 22)
10/21 SB 596 Amends Requirements for Legislatively Directed Spending Items Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
10/21 SB 596 Amends Requirements for Legislatively Directed Spending Items Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
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