Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
March 10, 2025 SD HJR 5003 Authorizes Asking Voters to Increase the Approval Threshold for Constitutional Amendments from a Simple Majority to 60% Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (29 - 4)
March 10, 2025 SD HB 1256 Requires Individuals to Sign Petitions Using Their Voter Registration Address Instead of Their Residency Address. Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 12)
March 10, 2025 SD HB 1184 Amends the Deadline for Filing a Petition to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
March 10, 2025 SD HB 1184 Amends the Deadline for Filing a Petition to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
March 10, 2025 SD HB 1130 Amends the Date for School Board and Municipal Elections Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 11)
March 8, 2025 NM SB 353 Requires Potential Search-and-Rescue Incidents to be Reported to the Department of Public Safety Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 3)
March 7, 2025 ND HB 1178 Requires School Districts Allow Time for Students to Vote in Elections Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 23)
March 7, 2025 IA SF 311 Prohibits Police Citizen Review Boards Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 9)
March 7, 2025 WA SB 5284 Reduces Waste Going into Landfills and Creates a Uniform State Recycling System Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 22)
March 6, 2025 KS SB 4 Establishes Deadline for Returning Absentee Ballots Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 10)
March 6, 2025 National PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)
March 6, 2025 UT HB 300 Repeals Automatic Mail-In Voting and Requires Voters Provide the Last 4 Digits of Their State Identification Number with Return Envelopes Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 10)
March 6, 2025 UT HB 300 Repeals Automatic Mail-In Voting and Requires Voters Provide the Last 4 Digits of Their State Identification Number with Return Envelopes Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 10)
March 6, 2025 National PN 11-4 Nomination of Lori Chavez-DeRemer to be Secretary of Labor Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 30)
March 6, 2025 National PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
March 6, 2025 AZ SB 1705 Amends Firearm Preemption Laws in Arizona Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 9)
March 6, 2025 GA SB 61 Establishes Additional Offenses for Terroristic Threats Against Public or Private Schools Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 22)
March 5, 2025 ID H 231 Increases the Annual Grocery Tax Credit to $155 Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 3)
March 5, 2025 National PN 12-5 Nomination of Todd Blanche to be Deputy Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
March 5, 2025 AZ SB 1534 Requires the Legislative Council to Create Titles for Ballot Measures Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
March 5, 2025 AZ SB 1097 Requires Arizona Schools to Close on Election Days to Serve as Polling Places Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
March 5, 2025 AZ SB 1534 Requires the Legislative Council to Create Titles for Ballot Measures Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
March 4, 2025 WY SF 171 Amends Requirements for Conducting Boundary Surveys of Cities and Towns Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 3)
March 3, 2025 National PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
March 3, 2025 AR SB 208 Requires Canvassers to Request a Photo ID of Potential Signers Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (26 - 6)
March 3, 2025 AR SB 211 Requires Canvassers to File an Affidavit Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
March 3, 2025 WY HB 147 Prohibits Governmental Entities from Engaging in Any Diversity, Equity or Inclusion (DEI) Programs Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
March 3, 2025 WV SB 456 Defines "Men" and "Women" in State Code Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
Feb. 28, 2025 WY HB 192 Requires Utility Companies to Identify Wildfire Risk Around Their Infrastructure and Devise Plans to Mitigate Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 0)
Feb. 28, 2025 WY HB 156 Requires 30-Day Residency Before Registering to Vote Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 4)
Feb. 27, 2025 National PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
Feb. 27, 2025 MO SB 22 Limits Power of the Courts to Rewrite Summary Statements by the General Assembly for Ballot Measures Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 10)
Feb. 27, 2025 AZ SB 1237 Prohibits Full-Time State Employees from Working Remotely Unless Sick Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
Feb. 27, 2025 AZ SB 1612 Requires Companies that Seek State Contracts or Grants to Disclose "Anything of Value" They Have Provided to the Governor, a Gubernatorial Campaign, or Other Entities Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 11)
Feb. 26, 2025 CO HB 25-1030 Requires Local Governments that Adopt or Amend Their Building Codes Meet Accessibility Standards Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 13)
Feb. 26, 2025 National PN 11-17 Nomination of Jamieson Greer to be U.S. Trade Representative Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43)
Feb. 26, 2025 CO SB 25-024 Amends Plan for Expansion of State Judicial Branch Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
Feb. 26, 2025 ID S 1023 Establishes the Medical Freedom Act Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 14)
Feb. 26, 2025 AZ SB 1464 Requires the Arizona Department of Revenue to Notify the State Legislature of Tax Laws that Adversely Impact Residents Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
Feb. 26, 2025 CO SB 25-077 Increases Time for Local Governments to Respond to Records Requests from the Public and Businesses While Exempting Journalists from the Delays Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
Feb. 26, 2025 CO SB 25-077 Increases Time for Local Governments to Respond to Records Requests from the Public and Businesses While Exempting Journalists from the Delays Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
Feb. 25, 2025 National PN 12-12 Nomination of Daniel Driscoll to be Secretary of the Army Nomination Confirmed - Senate (66 - 28)
Feb. 25, 2025 National PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
Feb. 24, 2025 National PN 12-12 Nomination of Daniel Driscoll to be Secretary of the Army Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 28)
Feb. 24, 2025 SD SB 198 Requires Entities Using Eminent Domain to First Attend a Mediation Meeting with Affected Landowners Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 17)
Feb. 24, 2025 TN SB 320 Reduces the Population Mandate for a County Selling Alcohol at a Stadium Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 3)
Feb. 21, 2025 VA HB 2276 Establishes Guidelines for Verifying and Protecting Voter Registration Information Conference Report Adopted - Senate (22 - 18)
Feb. 21, 2025 VA HB 2276 Establishes Guidelines for Verifying and Protecting Voter Registration Information Conference Report Adopted - Senate (22 - 18)
Feb. 21, 2025 UT HB 81 Prohibits Adding Fluoride to Public Water Systems Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 8)
Feb. 21, 2025 ID H 32 Prohibits Government and School Mask Mandates Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
Feb. 21, 2025 National S Con Res 7 An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
Feb. 21, 2025 WV SB 139 Amends Policies for Filling Legislative Vacancies Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
Feb. 21, 2025 WV SB 139 Amends Policies for Filling Legislative Vacancies Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
Feb. 20, 2025 National PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 49)
Feb. 20, 2025 VA SB 1009 Authorizes Ranked Choice Voting for Certain Local Elections Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 19)
Feb. 20, 2025 National PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
Feb. 20, 2025 NE LB 34 Establishes Year-Round Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 13)
Feb. 20, 2025 NE LB 302 Repeals Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
Feb. 20, 2025 NE LB 302 Repeals Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
Feb. 20, 2025 NE LB 34 Establishes Year-Round Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 13)
Feb. 20, 2025 AZ SB 1256 Prohibits State Agencies from Using Any Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Programs for Purposes of Hiring, Training, or Promotion Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
Feb. 19, 2025 National PN 11-18 Nomination of Kelly Loeffler to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
Feb. 19, 2025 VA HB 2094 Establishes Regulations for Artificial Intelligence (AI) Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
Feb. 18, 2025 National PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
Feb. 18, 2025 CO HB 25-1058 Amends the Process when an Individual Pleads Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 11)
Feb. 18, 2025 VA HB 1657 Establishes Timelines for Removal of Ineligible Voters Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
Feb. 18, 2025 National PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Motion Agreed - Senate (48 - 45)
Feb. 18, 2025 National S Con Res 7 An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
Feb. 14, 2025 VA HB 2668 Establishes Procedures for the Removal of Electoral Board Members Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
Feb. 14, 2025 VA HB 2277 Establishes Regulations for Electoral Board Members Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
Feb. 14, 2025 VA HB 2056 Authorizes Localities to Set Hours of Operation for Satellite Voting Locations Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
Feb. 14, 2025 VA HB 2002 Prohibits the Cancellation of the Voter Registration of Deployed Service Members Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
Feb. 14, 2025 VA HB 2277 Establishes Regulations for Electoral Board Members Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
Feb. 13, 2025 National PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
Feb. 13, 2025 National PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 28)
Date No. Title Outcome
3/10 HJR 5003 Authorizes Asking Voters to Increase the Approval Threshold for Constitutional Amendments from a Simple Majority to 60% Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (29 - 4)
3/10 HB 1256 Requires Individuals to Sign Petitions Using Their Voter Registration Address Instead of Their Residency Address. Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 12)
3/10 HB 1184 Amends the Deadline for Filing a Petition to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
3/10 HB 1184 Amends the Deadline for Filing a Petition to get a Constitutional Amendment on the Ballot Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 15)
3/10 HB 1130 Amends the Date for School Board and Municipal Elections Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 11)
3/08 SB 353 Requires Potential Search-and-Rescue Incidents to be Reported to the Department of Public Safety Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 3)
3/07 HB 1178 Requires School Districts Allow Time for Students to Vote in Elections Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 23)
3/07 SF 311 Prohibits Police Citizen Review Boards Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 9)
3/07 SB 5284 Reduces Waste Going into Landfills and Creates a Uniform State Recycling System Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 22)
3/06 SB 4 Establishes Deadline for Returning Absentee Ballots Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 10)
3/06 PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 43)
3/06 HB 300 Repeals Automatic Mail-In Voting and Requires Voters Provide the Last 4 Digits of Their State Identification Number with Return Envelopes Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 10)
3/06 HB 300 Repeals Automatic Mail-In Voting and Requires Voters Provide the Last 4 Digits of Their State Identification Number with Return Envelopes Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 10)
3/06 PN 11-4 Nomination of Lori Chavez-DeRemer to be Secretary of Labor Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 30)
3/06 PN 12-14 Nomination of Troy Edgar to be Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
3/06 SB 1705 Amends Firearm Preemption Laws in Arizona Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 9)
3/06 SB 61 Establishes Additional Offenses for Terroristic Threats Against Public or Private Schools Bill Passed - Senate (33 - 22)
3/05 H 231 Increases the Annual Grocery Tax Credit to $155 Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 3)
3/05 PN 12-5 Nomination of Todd Blanche to be Deputy Attorney General Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
3/05 SB 1534 Requires the Legislative Council to Create Titles for Ballot Measures Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
3/05 SB 1097 Requires Arizona Schools to Close on Election Days to Serve as Polling Places Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
3/05 SB 1534 Requires the Legislative Council to Create Titles for Ballot Measures Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
3/04 SF 171 Amends Requirements for Conducting Boundary Surveys of Cities and Towns Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 3)
3/03 PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
3/03 SB 208 Requires Canvassers to Request a Photo ID of Potential Signers Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (26 - 6)
3/03 SB 211 Requires Canvassers to File an Affidavit Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 9)
3/03 HB 147 Prohibits Governmental Entities from Engaging in Any Diversity, Equity or Inclusion (DEI) Programs Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 2)
3/03 SB 456 Defines "Men" and "Women" in State Code Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
2/28 HB 192 Requires Utility Companies to Identify Wildfire Risk Around Their Infrastructure and Devise Plans to Mitigate Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 0)
2/28 HB 156 Requires 30-Day Residency Before Registering to Vote Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 4)
2/27 PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
2/27 SB 22 Limits Power of the Courts to Rewrite Summary Statements by the General Assembly for Ballot Measures Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 10)
2/27 SB 1237 Prohibits Full-Time State Employees from Working Remotely Unless Sick Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
2/27 SB 1612 Requires Companies that Seek State Contracts or Grants to Disclose "Anything of Value" They Have Provided to the Governor, a Gubernatorial Campaign, or Other Entities Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 11)
2/26 HB 25-1030 Requires Local Governments that Adopt or Amend Their Building Codes Meet Accessibility Standards Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 13)
2/26 PN 11-17 Nomination of Jamieson Greer to be U.S. Trade Representative Nomination Confirmed - Senate (56 - 43)
2/26 SB 25-024 Amends Plan for Expansion of State Judicial Branch Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
2/26 S 1023 Establishes the Medical Freedom Act Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 14)
2/26 SB 1464 Requires the Arizona Department of Revenue to Notify the State Legislature of Tax Laws that Adversely Impact Residents Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
2/26 SB 25-077 Increases Time for Local Governments to Respond to Records Requests from the Public and Businesses While Exempting Journalists from the Delays Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
2/26 SB 25-077 Increases Time for Local Governments to Respond to Records Requests from the Public and Businesses While Exempting Journalists from the Delays Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
2/25 PN 12-12 Nomination of Daniel Driscoll to be Secretary of the Army Nomination Confirmed - Senate (66 - 28)
2/25 PN 11-10 Nomination of Linda McMahon to be Secretary of Education Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
2/24 PN 12-12 Nomination of Daniel Driscoll to be Secretary of the Army Cloture Invoked - Senate (66 - 28)
2/24 SB 198 Requires Entities Using Eminent Domain to First Attend a Mediation Meeting with Affected Landowners Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 17)
2/24 SB 320 Reduces the Population Mandate for a County Selling Alcohol at a Stadium Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 3)
2/21 HB 2276 Establishes Guidelines for Verifying and Protecting Voter Registration Information Conference Report Adopted - Senate (22 - 18)
2/21 HB 2276 Establishes Guidelines for Verifying and Protecting Voter Registration Information Conference Report Adopted - Senate (22 - 18)
2/21 HB 81 Prohibits Adding Fluoride to Public Water Systems Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 8)
2/21 H 32 Prohibits Government and School Mask Mandates Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 6)
2/21 S Con Res 7 An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 48)
2/21 SB 139 Amends Policies for Filling Legislative Vacancies Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
2/21 SB 139 Amends Policies for Filling Legislative Vacancies Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 0)
2/20 PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 49)
2/20 SB 1009 Authorizes Ranked Choice Voting for Certain Local Elections Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 19)
2/20 PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 47)
2/20 LB 34 Establishes Year-Round Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 13)
2/20 LB 302 Repeals Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
2/20 LB 302 Repeals Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
2/20 LB 34 Establishes Year-Round Daylight Savings Time Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 13)
2/20 SB 1256 Prohibits State Agencies from Using Any Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Programs for Purposes of Hiring, Training, or Promotion Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 12)
2/19 PN 11-18 Nomination of Kelly Loeffler to be Administrator of the Small Business Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
2/19 HB 2094 Establishes Regulations for Artificial Intelligence (AI) Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
2/18 PN 11-9 Nomination of Howard Lutnick to be Secretary of Commerce Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 45)
2/18 HB 25-1058 Amends the Process when an Individual Pleads Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity Bill Passed - Senate (23 - 11)
2/18 HB 1657 Establishes Timelines for Removal of Ineligible Voters Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 19)
2/18 PN 12-35 Nomination of Kashyap Patel to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Motion Agreed - Senate (48 - 45)
2/18 S Con Res 7 An original concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2025 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2026 through 2034. Motion Agreed - Senate (50 - 47)
2/14 HB 2668 Establishes Procedures for the Removal of Electoral Board Members Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
2/14 HB 2277 Establishes Regulations for Electoral Board Members Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
2/14 HB 2056 Authorizes Localities to Set Hours of Operation for Satellite Voting Locations Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
2/14 HB 2002 Prohibits the Cancellation of the Voter Registration of Deployed Service Members Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 15)
2/14 HB 2277 Establishes Regulations for Electoral Board Members Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 14)
2/13 PN 11-8 Nomination of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to be Secretary of Health and Human Services Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 48)
2/13 PN 11-12 Nomination of Brooke Rollins to be Secretary of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 28)

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