Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 15, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 15, 2025 WI SB 56 Authorizes Private Water Utilities to Access Federal Funds for Loan Forgiveness for the Replacement of Lead Service Lines Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 16)
May 15, 2025 WI SB 125 Requires the Public Service Commission to Conduct a Study to Determine Potential Sites for a Nuclear Power Plant Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
May 14, 2025 OK HB 2728 Establishes Regulations for the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act of 2025 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 12)
May 14, 2025 OK HB 2728 Establishes Regulations for the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act of 2025 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 12)
May 14, 2025 ME LD 702 Establishes and Designates January 6 as a Day to Remember "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 14)
May 14, 2025 National PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 40)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 14, 2025 National PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
May 14, 2025 National PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 40)
May 14, 2025 OR SB 1175 Establishes a Temporary Task Force on Removing Barriers to Jury Service Bill Passed - House (37 - 15)
May 14, 2025 National PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 National PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
May 14, 2025 National PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
May 14, 2025 OH SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
May 14, 2025 NE LB 287 Amends Various Laws Relating to Housing Oversight and Authority in Nebraska Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 15)
May 14, 2025 OH SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
May 14, 2025 MI SB 166 Appropriates $17.9 Billion for Fiscal Year 2025-2026 for the School Aid Budget Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 17)
May 13, 2025 National PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/15 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/15 SB 56 Authorizes Private Water Utilities to Access Federal Funds for Loan Forgiveness for the Replacement of Lead Service Lines Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 16)
5/15 SB 125 Requires the Public Service Commission to Conduct a Study to Determine Potential Sites for a Nuclear Power Plant Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 5)
5/14 HB 2728 Establishes Regulations for the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act of 2025 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 12)
5/14 HB 2728 Establishes Regulations for the Executive in Need of Scrutiny (REINS) Act of 2025 Concurrence Vote Passed - House (74 - 12)
5/14 LD 702 Establishes and Designates January 6 as a Day to Remember "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (20 - 14)
5/14 PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 40)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/14 PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/14 PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 46)
5/14 PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/14 PN 13-10 Nomination of Katharine MacGregor to be Deputy Secretary of the Interior Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 40)
5/14 SB 1175 Establishes a Temporary Task Force on Removing Barriers to Jury Service Bill Passed - House (37 - 15)
5/14 PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 PN 12-31 Nomination of Emil Michael to be Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Cloture Invoked - Senate (53 - 43)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 PN 12-38 Nomination of Michael Rigas to be Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 PN 25-11 Nomination of Sean Donahue to be an Assistant Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 47)
5/14 PN 26-46 Nomination of Eric Matthew Ueland to be Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 45)
5/14 SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
5/14 LB 287 Amends Various Laws Relating to Housing Oversight and Authority in Nebraska Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 15)
5/14 SB 63 Prohibits Ranked Choice Voting Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 5)
5/14 SB 166 Appropriates $17.9 Billion for Fiscal Year 2025-2026 for the School Aid Budget Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 17)
5/13 PN 25-50 Nomination of Reed Rubinstein to be Legal Adviser of the Department of State Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 46)

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