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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Aug. 5, 2026 National S J Res 187 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Modification to the Start of the Submission Period for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Reporting and Recordkeeping Under TSCA 8(a)(7)" Motion Rejected - Senate (48 - 50)
July 3, 2026 MI HB 4062 Prohibits Former Members of the Legislature from Engaging in Lobbying for Two Years After Leaving Office Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 7)
May 8, 2026 AL HB 1 Authorizes a Special Primary Election for Congressional Districts Affected by a Federal Court Ruling Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 8)
May 7, 2026 TN HB 7003 Amends the Congressional Districts Established Following the 2020 Census Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 5)
May 6, 2026 AL SB 1 Authorizes a Special Primary Election for State Senate Districts Affected by a Federal Court Ruling Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
April 29, 2026 National S J Res 139 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Disapproval; Colorado; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 52)
April 29, 2026 National S J Res 99 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services relating to "Removal of the Automatic Extension of Employment Authorization Documents" Motion Agreed - Senate (47 - 50)
March 4, 2026 National S J Res 104 A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 53)
Jan. 26, 2026 SD SJR 501 Amends the State Constitution to Establish Term Limits for Members of the Legislature Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 14)
Dec. 11, 2025 IN HB 1032 Amends State Congressional Districts Bill Failed - Senate (19 - 31)
Dec. 3, 2025 National S J Res 91 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision" Motion Agreed - Senate (49 - 47)
Nov. 20, 2025 National H J Res 130 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment" Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 43)
Nov. 19, 2025 National S J Res 89 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment" Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
Nov. 19, 2025 National S J Res 76 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Extension of Deadlines in Standards of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review Final Rule" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 51)
Nov. 13, 2025 MI SB 596 Amends Requirements for Legislatively Directed Spending Items Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
Nov. 13, 2025 NV SB 2 Appropriates Funds for Legislative Security Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 0)
Oct. 21, 2025 NC SB 777 Establishes Appointments for Various Public Offices Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 1)
Oct. 21, 2025 NC SB 249 Amends State Congressional Districts 1 and 3 Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 20)
Oct. 21, 2025 MI SB 596 Amends Requirements for Legislatively Directed Spending Items Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
Sept. 9, 2025 National PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 46)
Sept. 9, 2025 National PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
Sept. 4, 2025 TX HB 18 (Special Session) Prohibits Lawmakers From Accepting Campaign Donations While Absent From an Ongoing Legislative Session Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 8)
June 25, 2025 MI SB 225 Prohibits the Carry of a Concealed Pistol on the Premises of the State Capitol and Legislative Buildings Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 17)
June 11, 2025 LA SB 8 Authorizes the Legislature to Alter the Classified and Unclassified Status of Civil Officers and Employees Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
June 3, 2025 LA SB 59 Increases Economic Oversight of Legislative Actions in Louisiana Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
Date No. Title Outcome
8/05 S J Res 187 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Modification to the Start of the Submission Period for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Reporting and Recordkeeping Under TSCA 8(a)(7)" Motion Rejected - Senate (48 - 50)
7/03 HB 4062 Prohibits Former Members of the Legislature from Engaging in Lobbying for Two Years After Leaving Office Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 7)
5/08 HB 1 Authorizes a Special Primary Election for Congressional Districts Affected by a Federal Court Ruling Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 8)
5/07 HB 7003 Amends the Congressional Districts Established Following the 2020 Census Bill Passed - Senate (25 - 5)
5/06 SB 1 Authorizes a Special Primary Election for State Senate Districts Affected by a Federal Court Ruling Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
4/29 S J Res 139 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Air Plan Disapproval; Colorado; Regional Haze Plan for the Second Implementation Period" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 52)
4/29 S J Res 99 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services relating to "Removal of the Automatic Extension of Employment Authorization Documents" Motion Agreed - Senate (47 - 50)
3/04 S J Res 104 A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress Motion Rejected - Senate (47 - 53)
1/26 SJR 501 Amends the State Constitution to Establish Term Limits for Members of the Legislature Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 14)
12/11 HB 1032 Amends State Congressional Districts Bill Failed - Senate (19 - 31)
12/03 S J Res 91 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program Record of Decision" Motion Agreed - Senate (49 - 47)
11/20 H J Res 130 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment" Bill Passed - Senate (51 - 43)
11/19 S J Res 89 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Land Management relating to "Buffalo Field Office Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment" Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 47)
11/19 S J Res 76 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Extension of Deadlines in Standards of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review Final Rule" Motion Rejected - Senate (46 - 51)
11/13 SB 596 Amends Requirements for Legislatively Directed Spending Items Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 0)
11/13 SB 2 Appropriates Funds for Legislative Security Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 0)
10/21 SB 777 Establishes Appointments for Various Public Offices Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 1)
10/21 SB 249 Amends State Congressional Districts 1 and 3 Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 20)
10/21 SB 596 Amends Requirements for Legislatively Directed Spending Items Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 5)
9/09 PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Nomination Confirmed - Senate (49 - 46)
9/09 PN 129-10 Nomination of Robert Law to be Under Secretary for Strategy, Policy, and Plans, Department of Homeland Security Cloture Invoked - Senate (51 - 46)
9/04 HB 18 (Special Session) Prohibits Lawmakers From Accepting Campaign Donations While Absent From an Ongoing Legislative Session Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 8)
6/25 SB 225 Prohibits the Carry of a Concealed Pistol on the Premises of the State Capitol and Legislative Buildings Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 17)
6/11 SB 8 Authorizes the Legislature to Alter the Classified and Unclassified Status of Civil Officers and Employees Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (28 - 9)
6/03 SB 59 Increases Economic Oversight of Legislative Actions in Louisiana Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
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