Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Sept. 4, 2025 TX HB 18 (Special Session) Prohibits Lawmakers From Accepting Campaign Donations While Absent From an Ongoing Legislative Session Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 8)
Sept. 3, 2025 TX SB 8 (2nd Special Session) Limits the Use of Restrooms in Certain Public Buildings Based on Sex Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (18 - 8)
Sept. 3, 2025 CA AB 893 Expands Eligibility for Streamlined Mixed-Income Housing Developments Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 9)
Sept. 3, 2025 CA AB 406 Prohibits Employers from Taking Action Against an Employee who is the Victim of Certain Crimes Taking Time off for Judicial Proceedings Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 2)
Sept. 2, 2025 CA SB 98 Requires School Districts and Certain Universities to Notify Students, Faculty, and Other Campus Members When Federal Immigration Enforcement is Present Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
Sept. 2, 2025 CA SB 303 Establishes Employee Protections Regarding Workplace Bias Training Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
Sept. 2, 2025 CA SB 81 Prohibits Immigration Enforcement from Obtaining Medical Information from Healthcare Providers without a Valid Warrant Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
Aug. 12, 2025 TX SB 16 (Special Session) Appropriates Funding for the State Judicial Omnibus Package Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
Aug. 6, 2025 TX SB 7 (Special Session) Limits the Designation and Use of Certain Public Spaces and Facilities According to Sex Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 2)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 22-18 Nomination of Marcus Molinaro to be Federal Transit Administrator Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 23)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 25-16 Nomination of Catherine Hanson to be Chief Financial Officer of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 24-2 Nomination of Sean Cairncross to be National Cyber Director Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 35)
Aug. 2, 2025 National PN 55-43 Nomination of Adam Telle to be an Assistant Secretary of the Army Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 22)
Aug. 1, 2025 National HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (87 - 9)
Aug. 1, 2025 National HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (87 - 9)
Aug. 1, 2025 National PN 25-26 Nomination of Nicholas Kent to be Under Secretary of Education Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
Aug. 1, 2025 National PN 55-36 Nomination of Luigi Rinaldi to be Ambassador to Uruguay Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 44)
Aug. 1, 2025 National PN 26-49 Nomination of David Woll to be General Counsel of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 43)
Aug. 1, 2025 National PN 13-11 Nomination of Casey Mulligan to be Chief Counsel for Advocacy, Small Business Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
Aug. 1, 2025 National PN 25-35 Nomination of Brian Nesvik to be Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
Aug. 1, 2025 National PN 55-36 Nomination of Luigi Rinaldi to be Ambassador to Uruguay Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
Aug. 1, 2025 National PN 13-11 Nomination of Casey Mulligan to be Chief Counsel for Advocacy, Small Business Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (55 - 41)
July 31, 2025 National PN 141-30 Nomination of Cheryl Mason to be Inspector General, Department of Veterans Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 45)
July 31, 2025 National PN 141-30 Nomination of Cheryl Mason to be Inspector General, Department of Veterans Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 45)
July 31, 2025 National PN 25-8 Nomination of Tyler Clarkson to be General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)
Date No. Title Outcome
9/04 HB 18 (Special Session) Prohibits Lawmakers From Accepting Campaign Donations While Absent From an Ongoing Legislative Session Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 8)
9/03 SB 8 (2nd Special Session) Limits the Use of Restrooms in Certain Public Buildings Based on Sex Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (18 - 8)
9/03 AB 893 Expands Eligibility for Streamlined Mixed-Income Housing Developments Bill Passed - Senate (31 - 9)
9/03 AB 406 Prohibits Employers from Taking Action Against an Employee who is the Victim of Certain Crimes Taking Time off for Judicial Proceedings Bill Passed - Senate (30 - 2)
9/02 SB 98 Requires School Districts and Certain Universities to Notify Students, Faculty, and Other Campus Members When Federal Immigration Enforcement is Present Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 8)
9/02 SB 303 Establishes Employee Protections Regarding Workplace Bias Training Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (36 - 0)
9/02 SB 81 Prohibits Immigration Enforcement from Obtaining Medical Information from Healthcare Providers without a Valid Warrant Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (30 - 7)
8/12 SB 16 (Special Session) Appropriates Funding for the State Judicial Omnibus Package Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 0)
8/06 SB 7 (Special Session) Limits the Designation and Use of Certain Public Spaces and Facilities According to Sex Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 2)
8/02 PN 22-18 Nomination of Marcus Molinaro to be Federal Transit Administrator Nomination Confirmed - Senate (71 - 23)
8/02 PN 25-16 Nomination of Catherine Hanson to be Chief Financial Officer of the Environmental Protection Agency Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
8/02 PN 24-2 Nomination of Sean Cairncross to be National Cyber Director Nomination Confirmed - Senate (59 - 35)
8/02 PN 55-43 Nomination of Adam Telle to be an Assistant Secretary of the Army Nomination Confirmed - Senate (72 - 22)
8/01 HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (87 - 9)
8/01 HR 3944 Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (87 - 9)
8/01 PN 25-26 Nomination of Nicholas Kent to be Under Secretary of Education Nomination Confirmed - Senate (50 - 45)
8/01 PN 55-36 Nomination of Luigi Rinaldi to be Ambassador to Uruguay Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 44)
8/01 PN 26-49 Nomination of David Woll to be General Counsel of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Nomination Confirmed - Senate (51 - 43)
8/01 PN 13-11 Nomination of Casey Mulligan to be Chief Counsel for Advocacy, Small Business Administration Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 44)
8/01 PN 25-35 Nomination of Brian Nesvik to be Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Nomination Confirmed - Senate (54 - 43)
8/01 PN 55-36 Nomination of Luigi Rinaldi to be Ambassador to Uruguay Cloture Invoked - Senate (52 - 45)
8/01 PN 13-11 Nomination of Casey Mulligan to be Chief Counsel for Advocacy, Small Business Administration Cloture Invoked - Senate (55 - 41)
7/31 PN 141-30 Nomination of Cheryl Mason to be Inspector General, Department of Veterans Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 45)
7/31 PN 141-30 Nomination of Cheryl Mason to be Inspector General, Department of Veterans Affairs Nomination Confirmed - Senate (53 - 45)
7/31 PN 25-8 Nomination of Tyler Clarkson to be General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture Nomination Confirmed - Senate (52 - 45)

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