Key Votes

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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.


results per page:
Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
Jan. 11, 2024 VT H 27 Expands the Definition of Domestic Violence to Include "Coercive and Controlling Behavior" Bill Passed - House (106 - 31)
Jan. 10, 2024 OH HB 68 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Veto Override Passed - House (65 - 28)
Jan. 10, 2024 MA H 4241 Prohibits Revenge Porn and Increases Penalties Bill Passed - House (151 - 0)
Jan. 8, 2024 WA HB 1455 Prohibits Child Marriage in the State Bill Passed - House (98 - 0)
Jan. 8, 2024 WA HB 1012 Requires the Military Department Develop an Extreme Weather Response Grant Program Bill Passed - House (68 - 30)
Jan. 8, 2024 NJ S 723 Establishes a Domestic Bill of Rights Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 7)
Jan. 8, 2024 NJ S 723 Establishes a Domestic Bill of Rights Bill Passed - House (48 - 26)
Jan. 8, 2024 NJ A 5910 Increases Annual Legislature Salaries Starting in 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
Jan. 8, 2024 NJ A 5910 Increases Annual Legislature Salaries Starting in 2026 Bill Passed - House (48 - 24)
Jan. 4, 2024 NH HB 368 Authorizes Gender Affirming Care for Minors "Ought to Pass" Report Not Adopted - House (186 - 188)
Jan. 4, 2024 NH HB 396 Authorizes Classification of Individuals Based on Biological Sex "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (192 - 184)
Jan. 4, 2024 NH HB 619 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care Until a Minor Turns 18 "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (199 - 175)
Dec. 13, 2023 OH HB 68 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 27)
Dec. 13, 2023 OH HB 68 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 8)
Dec. 13, 2023 OH HB 93 Amends Utility Regulations to Shift Payment Requirements from Landlords onto Renters Bill Passed - House (63 - 26)
Dec. 13, 2023 National H Res 918 Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (221 - 212)
Dec. 7, 2023 National H J Res 88 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Joint Resolution Passed - House (210 - 189)
Dec. 1, 2023 National H Res 878 Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives Resolution Passed - House (311 - 114)
Nov. 30, 2023 National HR 5283 Protecting our Communities from Failure to Secure the Border Act Bill Passed - House (224 - 203)
Nov. 20, 2023 CO HB 23B-1001 Appropriates $30 Million in Emergency Rental Assistance Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 12)
Nov. 20, 2023 CO SB 23B-002 Requires the State Join the Federal Food Assistance Program Bill Passed - House (44 - 16)
Nov. 19, 2023 CO HB 23B-1002 Expands Access to the State's Earned Income Tax Credit Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 13)
Nov. 19, 2023 CO HB 23B-1001 Appropriates $30 Million in Emergency Rental Assistance Bill Passed - House (42 - 18)
Nov. 18, 2023 CO HB 23B-1002 Expands Access to the State's Earned Income Tax Credit Bill Passed - House (39 - 20)
Nov. 14, 2023 TX SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - House (83 - 61)
Nov. 14, 2023 PA HB 1416 Amends Cost of Living Adjustments for Pre-2001 School Retirees' Pensions Bill Passed - House (140 - 63)
Nov. 9, 2023 WI SB 166 Amends Punitive Articles for the Wisconsin Code of Military Justice Concurrence Vote Passed - House (92 - 5)
Nov. 9, 2023 WI SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 34)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI SB 441 Amends Reporting Requirements for the Commercial Fishing Industry Bill Passed - House (87 - 20)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI SB 185 Authorizes Graduate Student Research Assistants and Independent University Contractors to Unionize Bill Passed - House (56 - 51)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI SB 169 Requires Public Employers Provide Collective Bargaining Representatives with Employee Contact Information Bill Passed - House (56 - 51)
Nov. 9, 2023 TX SB 3 Appropriates $1.5 Billion for the Construction of a Border Wall Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 10)
Nov. 9, 2023 WI AB 552 Establishes an Age Limit of 75 for State Judges Bill Passed - House (53 - 44)
Nov. 9, 2023 WI AB 552 Establishes an Age Limit of 75 for State Judges Bill Passed - House (53 - 44)
Nov. 9, 2023 TX SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5211 Establishes Legal Protections for Children Born Through Surrogacy and Assisted Reproductive Methods like IVF Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5207 Establishes and Authorizes Assisted Reproduction Including Surrogacy Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5208 Establishes Birth Certificates for Children whose Parentage is Determined Under the Assisted Reproduction and Surrogacy Parentage Act Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5215 Amends Genetic DNA Testing Requirements for Certain Parental Cases Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5214 Authorizes Alleged or Intended Parents of Children Born via Assisted Reproduction or Surrogacy to Sign Legally Binding Acknowledgements of Parentage Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5213 Establishes Procedures for Determining Paternity and Support of State Departments and Agencies Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5212 Repeals Determination of Parentage for Children Born via Assisted Reproduction or Surrogacy from the Revocation of Paternity Act Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5209 Establishes Sentencing Guidelines for Surrogate Parentage Contracts involving Minors or Intellectually Disabled Individuals Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 9, 2023 MI HB 5210 Establishes that Children Born Through Surrogacy or Assisted Reproduction are Legal Children for the Purposes of Inheritance Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Nov. 8, 2023 MI SB 382 Requires State Departments Take Reasonable Steps to Help Michigan Residents with Limited English Proficiency Access to State Services Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 13)
Nov. 7, 2023 National H Res 845 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for promoting false narratives regarding the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel and for calling for the destruction of the state of Israel. Resolution Passed - House (234 - 188)
Nov. 7, 2023 National H Res 845 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for promoting false narratives regarding the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel and for calling for the destruction of the state of Israel. Resolution Not Tabled - House (208 - 213)
Nov. 7, 2023 WI SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (21 - 10)
Nov. 7, 2023 IL SB 508 Prohibits Employers From Putting Stricter Work Authorization Verification Requirements than Required by Federal Law Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 13)
Nov. 3, 2023 MI SB 519 Establishes a State Community and Worker Economic Transition Office Bill Passed - House (56 - 52)
Nov. 1, 2023 National H Res 829 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for antisemitic activity, sympathizing with terrorist organizations, and leading an insurrection at the United States Capitol Complex. Resolution Tabled - House (222 - 186)
Nov. 1, 2023 National HR 4364 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (214 - 197)
Oct. 26, 2023 TX SB 4 Increases Criminal Penalties for Immigrant Smuggling or Operating a Stash House Bill Passed - House (92 - 54)
Oct. 25, 2023 ND HB 1549 Amends Requirements to Receive Income Tax Relief Bill Failed - Senate (16 - 31)
Oct. 24, 2023 ND HB 1549 Amends Requirements to Receive Income Tax Relief Bill Passed - House (71 - 19)
Oct. 18, 2023 MI SB 511 Establishes New Funds for the State Retirement System Bill Passed - House (65 - 45)
Oct. 18, 2023 MI SB 351 Prohibits Discriminatory Practices in Public Places Against Breastfeeding or Breast Pumping Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 12)
Oct. 17, 2023 WI AB 146 Prohibits Local Governments from Using Any Public Funding for Guaranteed Income Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (22 - 10)
Oct. 17, 2023 WI AB 465 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 10)
Oct. 13, 2023 MI HB 4718 Prohibits the Use of the "Gay Panic Defense" to Justify Assault Crimes Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
Oct. 12, 2023 TX SB 4 Increases Criminal Penalties for Immigrant Smuggling or Operating a Stash House Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
Oct. 12, 2023 WI AB 465 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
Oct. 12, 2023 TX SB 11 Establishes a New State Crime for Illegally Entering Texas from a Foreign Nation Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
Oct. 12, 2023 WI AB 377 Prohibits Transgender Girls from Playing on Female Sports Teams Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
Oct. 11, 2023 MI SB 207 Prohibits Source of Income Discrimination for Rental Units Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
Oct. 11, 2023 MI SB 205 Prohibits Landlords from Discriminating Based on Source of Income Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
Oct. 5, 2023 MI SB 441 Amends Reporting Requirements for the Commercial Fishing Industry Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 16)
Oct. 3, 2023 National H Res 757 Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant. Bill Passed - House (216 - 210)
Sept. 29, 2023 National HR 5525 Continuing Appropriations and Border Security Enhancement Act, 2024 Bill Failed - House (198 - 232)
Sept. 27, 2023 MI SB 511 Establishes New Funds for the State Retirement System Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 14)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA SB 43 Authorizes First Responders to Place Individuals Experiencing Homelessness With Severe Mental Illnesses into Treatment Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 0)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA AB 524 Prohibits Employment Discrimination for Those With Family Caregiver Status Concurrence Vote Passed - House (49 - 17)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA SB 525 Increases the Minimum Wage for Health Care Workers to $25 an Hour Starting in 2025 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 9)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA AB 1228 Requires Fast Food Restaurants Share Legal Responsibility when State Labor Laws are Violated Concurrence Vote Passed - House (53 - 17)
Sept. 14, 2023 CA SB 407 Requires the Department of Social Services Amend the Foster Care Vetting Process to Ensure LGBTQ+ Youth are Not Placed in Hostile Homes. Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 8)
Date No. Title Outcome
1/11 H 27 Expands the Definition of Domestic Violence to Include "Coercive and Controlling Behavior" Bill Passed - House (106 - 31)
1/10 HB 68 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Veto Override Passed - House (65 - 28)
1/10 H 4241 Prohibits Revenge Porn and Increases Penalties Bill Passed - House (151 - 0)
1/08 HB 1455 Prohibits Child Marriage in the State Bill Passed - House (98 - 0)
1/08 HB 1012 Requires the Military Department Develop an Extreme Weather Response Grant Program Bill Passed - House (68 - 30)
1/08 S 723 Establishes a Domestic Bill of Rights Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 7)
1/08 S 723 Establishes a Domestic Bill of Rights Bill Passed - House (48 - 26)
1/08 A 5910 Increases Annual Legislature Salaries Starting in 2026 Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 7)
1/08 A 5910 Increases Annual Legislature Salaries Starting in 2026 Bill Passed - House (48 - 24)
1/04 HB 368 Authorizes Gender Affirming Care for Minors "Ought to Pass" Report Not Adopted - House (186 - 188)
1/04 HB 396 Authorizes Classification of Individuals Based on Biological Sex "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (192 - 184)
1/04 HB 619 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care Until a Minor Turns 18 "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - House (199 - 175)
12/13 HB 68 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Concurrence Vote Passed - House (62 - 27)
12/13 HB 68 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 8)
12/13 HB 93 Amends Utility Regulations to Shift Payment Requirements from Landlords onto Renters Bill Passed - House (63 - 26)
12/13 H Res 918 Directing certain committees to continue their ongoing investigations as part of the existing House of Representatives inquiry into whether sufficient grounds exist for the House of Representatives to exercise its Constitutional power to impeach Joseph Biden, President of the United States of America, and for other purposes. Resolution Passed - House (221 - 212)
12/07 H J Res 88 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Improving Income Driven Repayment for the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program". Joint Resolution Passed - House (210 - 189)
12/01 H Res 878 Providing for the expulsion of Representative George Santos from the United States House of Representatives Resolution Passed - House (311 - 114)
11/30 HR 5283 Protecting our Communities from Failure to Secure the Border Act Bill Passed - House (224 - 203)
11/20 HB 23B-1001 Appropriates $30 Million in Emergency Rental Assistance Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 12)
11/20 SB 23B-002 Requires the State Join the Federal Food Assistance Program Bill Passed - House (44 - 16)
11/19 HB 23B-1002 Expands Access to the State's Earned Income Tax Credit Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 13)
11/19 HB 23B-1001 Appropriates $30 Million in Emergency Rental Assistance Bill Passed - House (42 - 18)
11/18 HB 23B-1002 Expands Access to the State's Earned Income Tax Credit Bill Passed - House (39 - 20)
11/14 SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - House (83 - 61)
11/14 HB 1416 Amends Cost of Living Adjustments for Pre-2001 School Retirees' Pensions Bill Passed - House (140 - 63)
11/09 SB 166 Amends Punitive Articles for the Wisconsin Code of Military Justice Concurrence Vote Passed - House (92 - 5)
11/09 SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Concurrence Vote Passed - House (60 - 34)
11/09 SB 441 Amends Reporting Requirements for the Commercial Fishing Industry Bill Passed - House (87 - 20)
11/09 SB 185 Authorizes Graduate Student Research Assistants and Independent University Contractors to Unionize Bill Passed - House (56 - 51)
11/09 SB 169 Requires Public Employers Provide Collective Bargaining Representatives with Employee Contact Information Bill Passed - House (56 - 51)
11/09 SB 3 Appropriates $1.5 Billion for the Construction of a Border Wall Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 10)
11/09 AB 552 Establishes an Age Limit of 75 for State Judges Bill Passed - House (53 - 44)
11/09 AB 552 Establishes an Age Limit of 75 for State Judges Bill Passed - House (53 - 44)
11/09 SB 4 Amends State Criminal Code to Establish Illegal Entry Across the Border as a Class B Misdemeanor Bill Passed - Senate (17 - 11)
11/09 HB 5211 Establishes Legal Protections for Children Born Through Surrogacy and Assisted Reproductive Methods like IVF Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5207 Establishes and Authorizes Assisted Reproduction Including Surrogacy Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5208 Establishes Birth Certificates for Children whose Parentage is Determined Under the Assisted Reproduction and Surrogacy Parentage Act Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5215 Amends Genetic DNA Testing Requirements for Certain Parental Cases Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5214 Authorizes Alleged or Intended Parents of Children Born via Assisted Reproduction or Surrogacy to Sign Legally Binding Acknowledgements of Parentage Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5213 Establishes Procedures for Determining Paternity and Support of State Departments and Agencies Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5212 Repeals Determination of Parentage for Children Born via Assisted Reproduction or Surrogacy from the Revocation of Paternity Act Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5209 Establishes Sentencing Guidelines for Surrogate Parentage Contracts involving Minors or Intellectually Disabled Individuals Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/09 HB 5210 Establishes that Children Born Through Surrogacy or Assisted Reproduction are Legal Children for the Purposes of Inheritance Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
11/08 SB 382 Requires State Departments Take Reasonable Steps to Help Michigan Residents with Limited English Proficiency Access to State Services Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 13)
11/07 H Res 845 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for promoting false narratives regarding the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel and for calling for the destruction of the state of Israel. Resolution Passed - House (234 - 188)
11/07 H Res 845 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for promoting false narratives regarding the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel and for calling for the destruction of the state of Israel. Resolution Not Tabled - House (208 - 213)
11/07 SJR 71 Prohibits Non-Citizens from Voting in Any State Primary or General Election Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (21 - 10)
11/07 SB 508 Prohibits Employers From Putting Stricter Work Authorization Verification Requirements than Required by Federal Law Bill Passed - Senate (41 - 13)
11/03 SB 519 Establishes a State Community and Worker Economic Transition Office Bill Passed - House (56 - 52)
11/01 H Res 829 Censuring Representative Rashida Tlaib for antisemitic activity, sympathizing with terrorist organizations, and leading an insurrection at the United States Capitol Complex. Resolution Tabled - House (222 - 186)
11/01 HR 4364 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2024 Bill Passed - House (214 - 197)
10/26 SB 4 Increases Criminal Penalties for Immigrant Smuggling or Operating a Stash House Bill Passed - House (92 - 54)
10/25 HB 1549 Amends Requirements to Receive Income Tax Relief Bill Failed - Senate (16 - 31)
10/24 HB 1549 Amends Requirements to Receive Income Tax Relief Bill Passed - House (71 - 19)
10/18 SB 511 Establishes New Funds for the State Retirement System Bill Passed - House (65 - 45)
10/18 SB 351 Prohibits Discriminatory Practices in Public Places Against Breastfeeding or Breast Pumping Bill Passed - Senate (26 - 12)
10/17 AB 146 Prohibits Local Governments from Using Any Public Funding for Guaranteed Income Programs Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (22 - 10)
10/17 AB 465 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 10)
10/13 HB 4718 Prohibits the Use of the "Gay Panic Defense" to Justify Assault Crimes Bill Passed - House (56 - 53)
10/12 SB 4 Increases Criminal Penalties for Immigrant Smuggling or Operating a Stash House Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
10/12 AB 465 Prohibits Gender Affirming Care for Minors Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
10/12 SB 11 Establishes a New State Crime for Illegally Entering Texas from a Foreign Nation Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 12)
10/12 AB 377 Prohibits Transgender Girls from Playing on Female Sports Teams Bill Passed - House (63 - 35)
10/11 SB 207 Prohibits Source of Income Discrimination for Rental Units Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
10/11 SB 205 Prohibits Landlords from Discriminating Based on Source of Income Bill Passed - Senate (20 - 18)
10/05 SB 441 Amends Reporting Requirements for the Commercial Fishing Industry Bill Passed - Senate (21 - 16)
10/03 H Res 757 Declaring the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives to be vacant. Bill Passed - House (216 - 210)
9/29 HR 5525 Continuing Appropriations and Border Security Enhancement Act, 2024 Bill Failed - House (198 - 232)
9/27 SB 511 Establishes New Funds for the State Retirement System Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 14)
9/14 SB 43 Authorizes First Responders to Place Individuals Experiencing Homelessness With Severe Mental Illnesses into Treatment Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (40 - 0)
9/14 AB 524 Prohibits Employment Discrimination for Those With Family Caregiver Status Concurrence Vote Passed - House (49 - 17)
9/14 SB 525 Increases the Minimum Wage for Health Care Workers to $25 an Hour Starting in 2025 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (31 - 9)
9/14 AB 1228 Requires Fast Food Restaurants Share Legal Responsibility when State Labor Laws are Violated Concurrence Vote Passed - House (53 - 17)
9/14 SB 407 Requires the Department of Social Services Amend the Foster Care Vetting Process to Ensure LGBTQ+ Youth are Not Placed in Hostile Homes. Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 8)

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