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Vote Smart provides easy access to congressional and state voting records and maintains a collection of key votes grouped by issue. Vote Smart uses the following criteria to select key votes:

  1. The vote should be helpful in portraying how a member stands on a particular issue
  2. The vote should be clear for any person to understand
  3. The vote has received media attention
  4. The vote was passed or defeated by a very close margin
  5. Occasionally, if a specific bill is consistently inquired about on the Voter's Research Hotline, the vote will be added

Vote Smart provides a summary of the version of the bill text associated with each selected key vote. Our summaries are written by Vote Smart's staff and interns, who adhere to our strict policies and procedures in order to guarantee absolute impartiality and accuracy. They do not necessarily reflect the content of the final version of the bill, but rather the version voted on in that stage. While many procedural votes take place before a full chamber vote, our voting stages reflect the final reading of each chamber vote. Each key vote selection is reviewed by the project's community of advisors, who are political scientists and journalists from all fifty states.

For more information about the legislative process, see here.

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Date State Bill No. Title Outcome
May 8, 2025 OR HB 3175 Repeals the Limit on the Fee That Counties Can Set for Activities Related to the Public Land Corner Preservation Fund Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 2)
May 7, 2025 SC H 3309 Authorizes Santee Cooper and Dominion Energy to Enter Into an Agreement to Build a Gas Powerplant Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 11)
May 7, 2025 OK HB 2157 Establishes the Oklahoma Agrivoltaics Act Bill Failed - Senate (21 - 22)
May 7, 2025 OK HB 2157 Establishes the Oklahoma Agrivoltaics Act Bill Failed - Senate (21 - 22)
May 7, 2025 NC SB 554 Prohibits Banks and Credit Unions from Denying Loans to Agriculture Producers Based on Their Lack of Commitment to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 11)
May 6, 2025 SC H 3813 Amends Regulations on Bear Hunting in Game Zone 1 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (45 - 0)
May 6, 2025 CO SB 25-299 Requires that Companies Selling Residential Solar-Power Systems Disclose the Terms of Financing Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
May 6, 2025 National H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
May 6, 2025 CO HB 25-1274 Authorizes the Colorado Secretary of State to Issue Ballot Measures to Fund the Universal School Meals Program Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
May 5, 2025 National H J Res 61 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 43)
May 5, 2025 AK SB 97 Limits the Number of Hunting Guides in a Specific Area By Selling Hunting Concessions Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 1)
May 2, 2025 ND HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 19)
May 2, 2025 ND HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 19)
May 2, 2025 HI SB 1396 Establishes a "Green-Fee" Tax on Tourists to Support the Climate Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 2)
May 1, 2025 National H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 45)
May 1, 2025 National S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
May 1, 2025 NE LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
May 1, 2025 NE LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
May 1, 2025 NE LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
April 30, 2025 HI HB 969 Prohibits Landfills on the Agricultural Land Best Suited for Farming Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 1)
April 30, 2025 HI SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 5)
April 30, 2025 HI SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 5)
April 30, 2025 National H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
April 30, 2025 FL HB 209 Establishes State Park Protections from Development of Pickle Ball Courts and Hotels Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
April 30, 2025 OK HB 1910 Authorizes the Conservation Commission to Create Guidelines Aimed at Fostering Urban Agriculture within Oklahoma's Urban Counties Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 8)
April 30, 2025 OR HB 2978 Establishes an Advisory Group under the Oregon Department of Transportation and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife to Guide the Development of Critical Wildlife Crossings Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 3)
April 30, 2025 ME LD 588 Establishes the Agricultural Employees Concerted Activity Protection Act "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (21 - 13)
April 30, 2025 National S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 40)
April 29, 2025 ME LD 837 Requires Positions Taken by the Public Advocate to be Consistent with the Cost-Effective Implementation of the State's Climate Goals "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (18 - 15)
April 28, 2025 IA SF 491 Prohibits Remote-Piloted Drones Over Farmstead Without Landowner's Permission (42 - 8)
April 26, 2025 WA HB 2077 Establishes New Taxes for Zero-Emission Vehicles, Banked Credits, and Pooled Credits Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 19)
April 24, 2025 WA SB 5390 Increases the Discover Pass Price from $30 to $45 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (27 - 21)
April 24, 2025 CO HB 25-1207 Prohibits Insurers from Refusing, Canceling or Increasing the Cost of Coverage for Residential Property Owners Based on the Breed of Their Dog Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 13)
April 23, 2025 WA SB 5284 Reduces Waste Going into Landfills and Creates a Uniform State Recycling System Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (27 - 21)
April 22, 2025 OR SB 83 Repeals a Map Which Identified Parts of Oregon as High Risk for Catastrophic Wildfires Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 0)
April 16, 2025 AR SB 290 Establishes a Permit Moratorium for Hog Farms in the Buffalo River Watershed Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
April 16, 2025 AR SB 290 Establishes a Permit Moratorium for Hog Farms in the Buffalo River Watershed Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
April 16, 2025 ND HB 1332 Appropriates $30 Million for an Agriculture Incentive Program Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 5)
April 16, 2025 AZ HB 2572 Establishes New Provisions for Irrigation Grandfathered Rights Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
April 16, 2025 AZ HB 2572 Establishes New Provisions for Irrigation Grandfathered Rights Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
April 16, 2025 National H J Res 42 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program for Appliance Standards: Certification Requirements, Labeling Requirements, and Enforcement Provisions for Certain Consumer Products and Commercial Equipment". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
April 16, 2025 FL SB 700 Establishes the 2025 Florida Farm Bill and Prohibits Fluoride in Water Supplies Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
April 15, 2025 AZ SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
April 15, 2025 AZ SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
April 15, 2025 WA HB 1975 Amends the Climate Commitment Act by Adjusting Auction Price Containment Mechanisms and Ceiling Prices Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 3)
April 15, 2025 AR HB 1683 Prohibits the Procurement by a Governmental Entity of an Electric Vehicle or a Component that was Manufactured Using Forced Labor Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 9)
April 15, 2025 TX SB 1758 Limits the Liability of Kiln Operators Whose Activities Cause Seismic Disturbances in Texas Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 4)
April 14, 2025 ND HB 1318 Increases the Standard for Proving Liability for Lawsuits Involving Pesticides Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 18)
April 14, 2025 CO HB 25-1180 Prohibits Selling a Pet or Offering One for Adoption on the Side of the Road, in a Parking Lot, or at a Public Market Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
April 12, 2025 WV HB 2014 Establishes the Certified Industrial Business Expansion Microgrid Development Program and the High-Impact Data Center Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
Date No. Title Outcome
5/08 HB 3175 Repeals the Limit on the Fee That Counties Can Set for Activities Related to the Public Land Corner Preservation Fund Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 2)
5/07 H 3309 Authorizes Santee Cooper and Dominion Energy to Enter Into an Agreement to Build a Gas Powerplant Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (35 - 11)
5/07 HB 2157 Establishes the Oklahoma Agrivoltaics Act Bill Failed - Senate (21 - 22)
5/07 HB 2157 Establishes the Oklahoma Agrivoltaics Act Bill Failed - Senate (21 - 22)
5/07 SB 554 Prohibits Banks and Credit Unions from Denying Loans to Agriculture Producers Based on Their Lack of Commitment to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors Bill Passed - Senate (36 - 11)
5/06 H 3813 Amends Regulations on Bear Hunting in Game Zone 1 Conference Report Adopted - Senate (45 - 0)
5/06 SB 25-299 Requires that Companies Selling Residential Solar-Power Systems Disclose the Terms of Financing Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
5/06 H J Res 60 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Park Service relating to "Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Motor Vehicles". Motion Agreed - Senate (53 - 47)
5/06 HB 25-1274 Authorizes the Colorado Secretary of State to Issue Ballot Measures to Fund the Universal School Meals Program Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 11)
5/05 H J Res 61 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Rubber Tire Manufacturing". Motion Agreed - Senate (51 - 43)
5/05 SB 97 Limits the Number of Hunting Guides in a Specific Area By Selling Hunting Concessions Bill Passed - Senate (18 - 1)
5/02 HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 19)
5/02 HB 1459 Authorizes Certain Rare Earth Mineral Development Conference Report Adopted - Senate (27 - 19)
5/02 SB 1396 Establishes a "Green-Fee" Tax on Tourists to Support the Climate Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (23 - 2)
5/01 H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 45)
5/01 S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
5/01 LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
5/01 LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
5/01 LB 317 Amends and Merges the Department of Natural Resources with the Department of Environment and Energy Bill Passed - Senate (34 - 12)
4/30 HB 969 Prohibits Landfills on the Agricultural Land Best Suited for Farming Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (24 - 1)
4/30 SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 5)
4/30 SB 897 Authorizes the Public Utilities Commission to Set a Liability Cap for Hawaiian Electric Company in the Event of Another Catastrophic Wildfire Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (20 - 5)
4/30 H J Res 75 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Commercial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Refrigerator- Freezers". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 46)
4/30 HB 209 Establishes State Park Protections from Development of Pickle Ball Courts and Hotels Bill Passed - Senate (37 - 0)
4/30 HB 1910 Authorizes the Conservation Commission to Create Guidelines Aimed at Fostering Urban Agriculture within Oklahoma's Urban Counties Bill Passed - Senate (35 - 8)
4/30 HB 2978 Establishes an Advisory Group under the Oregon Department of Transportation and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife to Guide the Development of Critical Wildlife Crossings Bill Passed - Senate (24 - 3)
4/30 LD 588 Establishes the Agricultural Employees Concerted Activity Protection Act "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (21 - 13)
4/30 S J Res 31 A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Review of Final Rule Reclassification of Major Sources as Area Sources Under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act". Motion Agreed - Senate (52 - 40)
4/29 LD 837 Requires Positions Taken by the Public Advocate to be Consistent with the Cost-Effective Implementation of the State's Climate Goals "Ought to Pass" Report Adopted - Senate (18 - 15)
4/28 SF 491 Prohibits Remote-Piloted Drones Over Farmstead Without Landowner's Permission (42 - 8)
4/26 HB 2077 Establishes New Taxes for Zero-Emission Vehicles, Banked Credits, and Pooled Credits Bill Passed - Senate (28 - 19)
4/24 SB 5390 Increases the Discover Pass Price from $30 to $45 Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (27 - 21)
4/24 HB 25-1207 Prohibits Insurers from Refusing, Canceling or Increasing the Cost of Coverage for Residential Property Owners Based on the Breed of Their Dog Bill Passed - Senate (22 - 13)
4/23 SB 5284 Reduces Waste Going into Landfills and Creates a Uniform State Recycling System Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (27 - 21)
4/22 SB 83 Repeals a Map Which Identified Parts of Oregon as High Risk for Catastrophic Wildfires Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 0)
4/16 SB 290 Establishes a Permit Moratorium for Hog Farms in the Buffalo River Watershed Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
4/16 SB 290 Establishes a Permit Moratorium for Hog Farms in the Buffalo River Watershed Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (25 - 6)
4/16 HB 1332 Appropriates $30 Million for an Agriculture Incentive Program Bill Passed - Senate (42 - 5)
4/16 HB 2572 Establishes New Provisions for Irrigation Grandfathered Rights Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
4/16 HB 2572 Establishes New Provisions for Irrigation Grandfathered Rights Bill Passed - Senate (16 - 14)
4/16 H J Res 42 Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Energy relating to "Energy Conservation Program for Appliance Standards: Certification Requirements, Labeling Requirements, and Enforcement Provisions for Certain Consumer Products and Commercial Equipment". Joint Resolution Passed - Senate (52 - 46)
4/16 SB 700 Establishes the 2025 Florida Farm Bill and Prohibits Fluoride in Water Supplies Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 9)
4/15 SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
4/15 SB 1309 Requires Improvements of the Electrical Power Grid to Protect Against Severe Weather and Drought Conditions Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (17 - 13)
4/15 HB 1975 Amends the Climate Commitment Act by Adjusting Auction Price Containment Mechanisms and Ceiling Prices Bill Passed - Senate (45 - 3)
4/15 HB 1683 Prohibits the Procurement by a Governmental Entity of an Electric Vehicle or a Component that was Manufactured Using Forced Labor Bill Passed - Senate (19 - 9)
4/15 SB 1758 Limits the Liability of Kiln Operators Whose Activities Cause Seismic Disturbances in Texas Bill Passed - Senate (27 - 4)
4/14 HB 1318 Increases the Standard for Proving Liability for Lawsuits Involving Pesticides Bill Passed - Senate (29 - 18)
4/14 HB 25-1180 Prohibits Selling a Pet or Offering One for Adoption on the Side of the Road, in a Parking Lot, or at a Public Market Bill Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
4/12 HB 2014 Establishes the Certified Industrial Business Expansion Microgrid Development Program and the High-Impact Data Center Program Concurrence Vote Passed - Senate (32 - 1)
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